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1、,1.作表语,2.作定语,现 在 分 词,3.作宾补,4.作状语,三.V-ing作表语,We are learning English. The story is interesting. My job is teaching English.,动名词作表语,现在分词作表语,动词进行时,=Teaching English is my job.,动名词作表语用来说明主语的内容，与主语是同一个概念，表语和主语的位置可互换。,His hobby is painting. The news is inspiring.,区别动名词与现在分词：,动名词作表语用来说明主语的具体内容。,现在分词作表语是用来表
2、示主语所具有的 特征，有的已变成了形容词，主语和表语的 位置不能互换。,翻译下列句子： 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐。 Our job is _. 2. 他们演奏的音乐史如此的令人兴奋。 The music they are playing is _.,playing all kinds of music,so exciting,四 V-ing作定语现在分词,现在分词作定语，被修饰的词与V-ing之间有一种逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。 当现在分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是现在分词短语作定语，则放在所修饰的名词后。,The girl crying in the classr
3、oom is my desk mate. The crying girl is my desk mate.,The tower _ the warring states is well worth visiting. dated from B. dated back from C. dating from D. to date from,The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be sme
4、lt,(1) a walking man,(2) a walking stick,=a man who is walking,= a stick for walking,Whats the difference between (1) and (2)?,V-ing作定语时，现在分词与动名词区别：,a waiting room a waiting man,= a room for waiting,= a man who is waiting,现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰的词之间有有种逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句,而动名词作定语时，与被修饰的词之间没有这种关系，它仅仅表示一种用途，“作用”
5、相当于一个for引导的介词短语,Translate the following phrases.,a reading room,a washing machine,an exciting evening,an interesting crosstalk,阅览室,洗衣机,激动人心的夜晚,有趣的相声,1.What _ bears they are! (charm) 2.What a/an _ idea the ad has. 3. The bears _ are content with their life. 4.The bears _ make cocacola more popular.,D
6、escribe the bears with V-ing used as attribute,charming,enjoying cocacola,drinking cocacola,skiing on the ice,surprising/inspiring,五 V-ing形式作宾语补足语,V-ing形式作宾补时，它与宾语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。S+V+O+C,I heard the girl singing in the classroom.,We have the fire burning all day.,I noticed a long queue outsid
7、e the bank waiting for it to open.,The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.,动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。,1. 能跟-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：,“五让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉”。简单又好记！,make, let, have, keep, leave, look at, see, watch, hear, listen to, notice, find, feel 等。,怎么记？,H
8、e looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting,1. I saw them _(force) the door open with a hammer. 2. We heard them _ (quarrel) about money after the concert; they looked very angry. 3. I heard him _ (drop) lots of coins into the
9、 collecting tin.,forcing,quarreling,dropping,Practice:,2.有些动词词组，如：regard, describe, accept, think of, look on等之后可由as引出V-ing形式作宾补。,They describe the cartoon as being attractive.,Keys:,1. He sacrificed his life to defend the honor/ dignity of his nation. 2. Elizabeth didnt trust him, so she left him a
10、 false name and address. 3. Without a cup of coffee in the morning, Jenny cant function (well/normally). 4. During World War II, he rose gradually from the rank of captain to general. 5. Dont forget to bring your cassette recorder tommorrow. 6. There must be some misunderstanding. I have no idea wha
11、t youre talking about.,. in defence of.,=,分词作状语,表示动作发生的条件、原因、结果、让步、时间、方式或伴随等，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。 一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,分词作状语,作状语时，选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键 看主句的主语。如主语和分词是主谓关系， 就选用现在分词，如分词和主语是动宾关系， 就用过去分词。,现在分词作结果状语表示自然的结果。充当结果状语的现在分词的逻辑主语有时并不是句子的主语，而是句子的内容或部分内容。 The child slipped and fell, hitting his head aga
12、inst the door. A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand.,If you use your head, youll find a good way. Using your head, youll find a good way. If I am invited, Ill go to your party. Invited, Ill go to your party.,条件状语,作条件状语一般放在句首,作条件状语一般放在句首,原因状语,作原因状语一般放在句首,作原因状语一般放在句首,Because he was
13、 poor , he couldnt afford a TV set. Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. Because he was satisfied with his job, he had a big smile on his face. Satisfied with his job, he had a big smile on his face.,让步状语,作让步状语一般放在句首,作让步状语一般放在句首,Though he studied hard, he didnt pass the exam. Studying hard, he di
14、dnt pass the exam. Though he was born in a poor family,he was optimistic. Born in a poor family, he was optimistic.,时间状语,作时间状语一般放在句首,作时间状语一般放在句首,While I was walking in the street, I saw a tailors shop. Walking in the street, I saw a tailors shop. When she was surrounded by a mad dog, she was very fr
15、ightened and screamed. Surrounded by a mad dog,she was very frightened and screamed.,Four people entered the room and looked curious. Four people entered the room, looking The teacher came into the classroom and was followed by some students. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by some stu
16、dents.,伴随状语,作伴随状语多放于句末,He came running back to tell me the news. His father died, and this left the family even worse off. His father died, leaving the family even worse off.,方式状语或结果状语,作方式状语或结果多放于句末,在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。 _ the book, I find it useful. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 _ for a long time, the book looks
17、 old.,Used,Using,从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。 _ from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. A. Seeing B. Seen 从太空看, 宇航员看不到长城。 _ from the space, the astronaut can not discover the Great Wall. A. Seeing B. Seen,分词作状语时的时态和语态：,1）分词的时态：2）分词的语态,一般式: doing done 完成式:having done having been done,1）一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生。 1
18、. Hearing the news, he jumped with joy. 2. Surrounded by the students, the teacher was answering questions one by one.,2）完成时表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。,1.After he had finished his homework, he went out. =Having finished his homework, he went out. 2.Because she had not got a reply, she decided to write to him aga
19、in. =Not having got a reply, she decided to write to him again.,一、有些惯用的v-ing形式不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度、观点等。可当作一个插入语 generally speaking 一般说来 strictly speaking 严格说来 frankly speaking 坦白地说 judging from/by 根据来判断 considering 考虑到 supposing 假如，如果,几点注意,1. Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science
20、than girls. 一般说，男孩比女孩对科学更感兴趣。 2. Judging from/by his accent, he must come from Canada. 从他的口音看，他一定来自加拿大。 3. Considering/given his age, he did it quite well. 考虑到他的年龄，他做得很好了。 4. Suppose/Supposing it rains， what will you do？ 假使下雨，你会怎么办呢？,二、分词作状语时，可以根据需要在其前加上when, while, before, after, until, once, thoug
21、h, although, unless, as if, even if, as long as等 1. Once losing this chance, you cant easily find it. 2. If allowed to read in the reading room, you should keep quiet. 3. When leaving the station, he waved again and again to me.,Losing,Allowed,Leaving,三、 当表示分词的动作一发生，主句的动作 随之也发生时，可以使用“on动名词”的结构，翻译成“一
22、就”。 Hearing the news, they couldnt help jumping. = On hearing the news, they couldnt help jumping. _ _ the case, I saw the bird fly out of it. 一打开这个盒子，我看到有只鸟飞出来。,On opening,句型转换： When he heard the news, he jumped with joy. _ the news, he jumped with joy. 2. As she was ill, she went home. _ ill, she
23、went home. 3. The girl came in and she smiled. The girl came in _. She sat at the desk and read a newspaper. She sat at the desk _ a newspaper.,Hearing,Being,smiling,reading,表伴随状况,时间状语,原因状语,方式状语,Grammar work 语法专练 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Not _(know) his address, I couldnt go to see him yesterday. 2. Look ou
24、t(小心） for cars when _(cross) the street. 3. Not _ (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.,knowing,crossing,having been invited,4. He dived into the water, _ (leave) only his face exposed(暴露）. 5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned(别在） to the door, _ (read写着) “Sorry to miss you; I will
25、call later.” 6. _ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water. 7. _ (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.,leaving,reading,Taking,Having closed,Grammar quiz 1. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities. A.
26、compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared,2. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said,3. _the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repa
27、iring D. Examining,4. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed,5. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked,6. _ such heavy
28、pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered,7. _ by a snake, she was frightened at it. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having been bitten D. biting,8. As he had broken the window, the naughty boy was sitting there, _. A. not
29、daring made any sound B. not daring to make a sound C. daring not make any sound D. daring not to make a sound,1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.,Not h
30、aving,working,Seeing,单句改错,4. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall. 5. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too. 6. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.,pointing,making,speaking,Thank
31、You,Revision,1. 他起床迟了，匆忙地赶去办公室， 没有吃早饭。 2. 意识到浪费了太多时间， 这个男生决定停止玩电脑游戏。 3. 中国建了更多高速公路， 使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方更加容易。 4. Dina在努力地找服务生的工作找了几个月后， 最后在当地一家广告公司找到了一个职位。 5. 南方下了大雨， 导致了好几个省发生了严重的洪水。 6. 这个律师专心的听， 努力地不错过任何重点。 7. 更多地用感性而非理性来做一个决定，你迟早会后悔的。 8. 这个退休老人把他大多数存款都捐给了玉树地震中被毁的学校， 使得学生能够重返校园。,一、用v-ing形式改写以下句子或将v-ing
32、改成定语/状语从句。 1. The lady walked around the shops and kept an eye out for bargains. 2. Looking at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes. 3.The news shocked the public and led to great concern about students safety at school. 4. The traffic rule says young children who weigh less
33、 than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 5. Since he didnt keep the promise, Tony has lost the chance to go abroad.,1. The lady walked around the shops, keeping an eye out for bargains.,1.Walking around the shops, the lady kept an eye out for bargains.,2. When I looked at my classmates faces,
34、 I read the same excitement in their eyes.,3. The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students safety at school.,4. The traffic rule says young children weighing less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.,5. Not keeping the promise, Tony has lost the chance to go abroad.
35、,6. The song is sung all over the country, which makes it the most popular song 7. Having no interest in the topic, he didnt go to the lecture. 8. Having waited in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at once. 9. People who live in the city dont know the plea
36、sure of country life.,6. The song is sung all over the country, making it the most popular song.,7. Because he had no interest in the topic, he didnt go to the lecture.,8.After Tom had waited in the queue for half an hour,he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at once.,8. After waiting in
37、the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at once.,9. people living in the city dont know the pleasure of country life.,10. The large building which is being built across the street will be a hospital. 11. The old man is on the way back to his motherland after he h
38、as worked abroad for twenty years. 12. Do you know the young man shaking hands with the headmaster? 13. People who use a mobile phone find it very convenient to keep in touch with their friends whenever they go.,10. The large building being built across the street will be a hospital.,11.Having worke
39、d abroad for twenty years, the old man is on the way back to his motherland.,11.The old man, having worked abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland.,12. Do you know the young man who is shaking hands with the headmaster.,13. People using a mobile phone find it very convenient to
40、 keep in touch with their friends wherever they go.,14. As he had broken the window, the naughty boy was sitting there, not daring to make a sound,14. Having broken the window, the naughty boy was sitting there, not daring to make a sound,14. Having broken the window, the naughty boy was sitting the
41、re and didnt dare to make any sound.,_ (袭击汶川的地震) happened on May 12th, 2008, _. (使得成千上万的人无家可归) The number of people _(死于地震) reached 69,197. _ (站在废墟中), those who survived couldnt help_(cry). _(在受了这样的苦难后), people there were not defeated and struggled against the nature.,The earthquake hitting Wenchuan
42、,making tens of thousands of people homeless,dying from the earthquake,Standing in ruins,crying,Having gone through so many sufferings,A terrible earthquake hit Wenchuan,Fortunately, _ (看到所发生的), the rest of China cared much about those in need and helped them immediately. _ (捐钱) was a major way. Bes
43、ides, soldiers were sent to rescue _ (那些挣扎的人) who were trapped under the ruins. Doctors also went to Wenchuan to treat _ (地震中幸存下来的人). Thanks to their help, the city began to breathe again. Now, _ (重建中的汶川) has taken on a new look .,seeing what had happened,Donating money,the struggling people,the peo
44、ple surviving the earthquake,Wenchuan being rebuilt,否定词置于句首的倒装,以下否定词位于句首，句子要用部分倒装(一般疑问句的形式)：seldom; never; little; few; hardly; barely; rarely; neither; nor; not until; not only, but also; in no way; by no means; on no account; at no time; under no circumstances; no longer 等。,Practice makes perfect!
45、,1. 直到我们早上经历了雾霾（haze），我们才意识到环境污染有多严重。 2. 我们过去很少经历这样的现象。（seldom） 3. 对于环境保护我们也关注的很少。（little） 4. 我们绝对不能以环境为代价发展经济。（by no means） 5. 我们不仅应该培养环境意识， 还应该采取实际行动。 6. 我们不应该再用塑料袋。（no longer） 也不应该再浪费纸， 水和电。（nor） 7. 飞机一着陆人们就朝着飞机跑去。（hardly.when） 8. 我从前从没见过更美的地方。（never+比较级）,Polish our sentences！,1. 我发现你今天上午上课时你一直闷闷
46、不乐。 2. 课间活动你也没出教室， 只是呆坐在座位上。 3. 我问你怎么了， 你却婉言谢绝了。 4. 开导劝慰。,某英语报社拟成立“微笑俱乐部”，现征募会员。要求申请者提交 篇题为“I want to Smile”的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份，根 以下思路图的提示用英语写一篇短文。 注意： 根据思路图适当展开，以使行文连贯； 词数：120左右,2009福建 某英语报社拟成立“微笑俱乐部”，现征募会员。要求申请者提交一篇题为“I want to Smile”的英语短文。请你以申请者的身份，根据以下思路图的提示用英语写一篇短文。 注意： 根据思路图适当展开，以使行文连贯； 词数：120左右,a
47、dvantages of smiling,smile at parents or friends,smile at myself,in a word,Smile, as a universal language, spreads happiness throughout the world. There are many benefits of smiling. Firstly, it brings happiness, which accumulates to contribute to longevity. Furthermore, smiling a lot means being confident, which plays an essential part in ones success. In addition, smiling shows that you are content with your life indicating that you possess a healthy attitude towards life. So