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1、-Text 1 Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the
2、 foreseeable future. The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more pollution-free than present types. Regardless of its power
3、source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion（拥挤）. One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system. When the auto enters the highway system, retractable（可伸缩的）arm will drop from the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar t
4、o those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars movements. The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions
5、 about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer（蜂鸣器）that will warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automat
6、ed highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1,500 to 2,000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway. (285 words) 21. One significant improvement in the future car will probably be _.A) its power source B) its driving systemC) its monitoring system D) it
7、s seating capacity22. What is the authors main concern?A) How to render automobiles pollution-free.B) How to make smaller and safer automobiles.C) How to solve the problem of traffic jams.D) How to develop an automated subway system.23. What provides autos with electric power in an automated highway
8、 system?A) A rail. B) An engine.C) A retractable arm. D) A computer controller.24. In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is _.A) keep in the right laneB) wait to arrive at his destinationC) keep in constant touch with the computer centerD) inform the system of his destination by
9、 phone25. What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?A) Enthusiastic. B) Pessimistic. C) Optimistic. D) Cautious.Text 2 What should you think about in trying to find your career? You are probably better at some school subjects than others. These may show strengths that you can use in yo
10、ur work. A boy who is good at mathematics can use that in an engineering career. So it is important to know the subjects you do well in at school. On the other hand, you may not have any specially strong or weak subjects but your records show a general satisfactory standard. Although not all subject
11、s can be used directly in a job, they may have indirect value. A knowledge of history is not required for most jobs but if history is one of your good subjects you will have learned to remember facts and details. This is an ability that can be useful in many jobs. If you have had a part-time job on
12、Saturdays or in the summer, think what you gained from it. If nothing else, you may have learned how to get to work on time, to follow instructions and to get on with older workers. You may have learned to give correct change in a shop, for example. Just as important, you may become interested in a
13、particular industry or career you see from the inside in a part-time job. Facing your weak points is also part of knowing yourself. You may be all thumbs when you handle tools; perhaps you are a poor speller or cannot add up a column of figures. It is bitter to face any weaknesses than to pretend th
14、ey do not exist. Your school record, for instance, may not be too good, yet it is an important part of your background. You should not be apologetic about it but instead recognize that you will have a chance of a fresh start at work. (303 words) 26. Which of the following best sums up the first para
15、graph?A) The importance of doing well at school.B) Using school performance to help to choose a career.C) The importance of being good at all subjects.D) The indirect value of schoolwork.27. The writer thinks that for a student to have a part-time job is probably _.A) a waste of time that could have
16、 been spent on studyB) useful for his future workC) a good way to earn extra moneyD) a good way to find out his weak points28. According to the passage, if a students school record is not good, he _.A) will be a complete failure in his future workB) will not be able to find a suitable jobC) will reg
17、ret not having worked harder at schoolD) may do well in his future work29. Which subject is supposed to have no direct value for jot hunting?A) Mathematics. B) English. C) Technical Drawing. D) History.30. The whole passage centers on _.A) choosing a career according to what one is skilled inB) acqu
18、iring knowledge by working hard at schoolC) finding ones strong and weak pointsD) developing ones abilities useful in school workText 3As a Canadian bilingual (双语的) teacher, I agree that the Canadian bilingual schools have been successful in producing functionally bilingual students. However, Mr. Wh
19、elptons suggested condition that teachers in these schools must be fully bilingual may be unnecessary. For example, primary teachers can and do function with a smaller vocabulary than secondary teachers. Secondly, it is doubtful that students will use English because they understand and accept the o
20、bjective of making English the language of the classroom which is a rather sterile motive. One reason that Canadian bilingual programs work is because of the commitment to Whole Language Learning, that is, children learn a language, (first or second), by using it to transmit (播送) or receive meaningf
21、ul messages that are interesting, real and important. They want to make their needs and desires known and to understand the world around them. Bilingual programs integrate language and content in an activity-based, child-centred manner so that the child is motivated to use the second language as a t
22、ool to transmit and receive messages related to social and academic interests. Mr. Whelptons third argument that all the students in one class need to be at approximately the same level of English proficiency (熟练) when they switch to English is unrealistic and unprofitable. How does a teacher group
23、children who have a huge vocabulary but poor grammar skills and others who have correct grammar but a poor vocabulary? Also, suppose the students have similar language abilities but different learning styles! Hence the concept of co-operative learning: students with a mixture of personalities, talen
24、ts and weaknesses (a more realistic reflection of life) learn better as they co-operate (合作), instead of compete, and depend on each other for support and information. (280 words) 31. How would you describe the writers style?A) The passage is written in an academic style.B) The passage is written in
25、 a journalistic style.C) The passage is written in a personal style.D) The passage is written on the basis of widespread research in the areA)32. How would you describe the writers attitude towards the Canadian bilingual programmes?A) Balanced. B) Unenthusiastic. C) Supportive. D) Critical.33. In pa
26、ragraph 1 the writer _.A) agrees completely with Mr. Whelptons argumentB) agrees partially with Mr. Whelptons argumentC) disagrees completely with Mr. Whelptons argumentD) is overwhelmingly critical of Mr. Whelptons argument34. In paragraph 2 sterile is closest in meaning to_.A) uninformative B) unu
27、sual C) stereotypical D) uninspiring35. According to the writer the Canadian bilingual programs have been a success _.A) because students accept the objective of making English the language of the classroomB) because students study in classrooms where everybody is at about the same levelC) because t
28、he students can use their first language freelyD) because they work towards real life goalsText 4If sustainable competitive advantage depends on workforce skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firm in
29、the United States. Skill acquisition is considered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired rented at the lowest possible cost much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the cor
30、porate hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and
31、 has no chance to move up to Chief Executive Officer (CEO). By way of contrast, in Japan the head of human resource management is central usually the second most important, after the CEO, in the firms hierarchy.While American firms often have the vast amounts spent on training their work forces, in
32、fact, they invest less in the skills of their employees than do either Japanese or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on th
33、e specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn how to operate new flexible m
34、anufacturing stations than workers in Germany (as they do).the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks tha
35、t limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the mana
36、gement and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.36. Which of the following applies to the management of human resources in American companies?A) They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their skills.B) They see the gaining of skills as their employees own business.C
37、) They attach more importance to workers than to equipment.D) They only hired skilled workers because of keen competition.37. What is the position of the head of human resource management?A) He is one of the most important executives in the firm. B) His post is likely to disappear when new technolog
38、ies are introduced. C) He is directly under the chief financial executive.D) He has no say in making important decisions in the firm. 38. The money most American firms put in training mainly goes to_.A) workers who can operate new equipment B) technological and managerial staffC) workers who lack ba
39、sic ground skills D) top executives39. Whats the main idea of the passage?A) American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human-resource management. B) Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective human resource management.C) The head of human resource management must be in t
40、he central position in a firms hierarchy. D) The human resource management strategies of American firms will affect their competitive capacity. 40. According to the passage, the decisive factor in maintaining a firms competitive advantage is _.A) the introduction of new technologiesB) the improvemen
41、t of workers skillsC) the rational composition of professional and managerial employees D) the attachment of importance to the bottom half of the employeesIII. Vocabulary and Structure (15 points)Directions: Choose the best one to complete each sentence. 41. I much prefer factual books such as biogr
42、aphies to _ of any kind.A) imagination B) narration C) fiction D) romantics42. The storm delayed us. _ the storm we would have been in time.A) But for B) If it were not C) With D) Unless43. Shaking hands is a _ way of greeting.A) conventional B) conditional C) original D) conversational44. The test
43、results are not very _. He does well one week and badly the next.A) consequent B) consistent C) continuous D) convince45. We believe that these illustrations will _ some light on the point being discussed.A) show B) shine C) shed D) thrive46. There was a _ growth of the light industries during the l
44、ast twenties years.A) considerate B) considering C) considerable D) considered47. We must revise our plan _ the light of these changes.A) for B) in C) on D) with48. The next big _ confronting the workers is the questions of wages.A) issue B) stuff C) question D) matter 49. I know nothing about the a
45、ccident _ it happened somewhere near the highway.A) apart from B) except for C) besides D) except that50. The Americans still have several military _ on the island.A) installments B) install C) installationsite D) installations 51. Many disagreements have _ when it came to the sharing of their fathe
46、rs estates .A) risen B) arisen C) raised D) arrived52. When they got ready, the enemy plane flew out of the _ of their guns.A) field B) limit C) extent D) range53. The United Kingdom _ England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. A) constitutes B) comprises C) composes D) consists54. All the key w
47、ords in the article are printed in _ type so as to attract readers attention.A) dark B) dense C) black D) bold55. Once you have made your booking and paid a _, then the cost of your holiday cannot be changed.A) deposit B) saving C) fund D) loan56. I dont like the noise of this air conditioner, but I
48、ve learned to _ it.A) stay with B) stand with C) go with D) live with57. We trust that you will give special care to the packing of the goods _ they should be damaged in transit (运输).A) so that B) lest C) if D) unless58. In preparing scientific reports of laboratory experiments, a student should _ his findings in logic order and clear language.A) furnish B) propose C) raise D) present59. My father always warns me not to interfere _ matters t