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1、现在完成时之延续性分词和非延续性动词现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for 和 since 引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。 （就是说：有 for 或 since 的句子里， 一定不能是非延续性代词，必须是延续性动词）。例如：borrow 借 keep 保存, buy 买 have 拥有, begin/start 开始 be on 上映, die 死 be dead 死（表状态） , join 参加 be in/be a member of- 加入；成为中的一员， come/arrive 来/到达 be here/in, come/get back 回来 be b
2、ack, go/leave 走/离开 be away(from), marry结婚 be married(to),go/come/begin/start/die/buy/borrow/sell/leave/arrive/receive/become等词语是瞬间动词，表示的动作是一时的，不能延续，不能与for 、since 等表示一段时间的词连用，也不能用于how long引导的疑问句中。?如不能说： He has borrowed the book for two months.() ?但可以说： He has kept the book for 2 months. ?或：It has bee
3、n 2 months since he borrowed the book. ?或：Two months has passed since he borrowed the book. 注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2） （错） Harry has got married for six year
4、s. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. 难点：比较一般过去时与现在完成时1） 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作 ；现在完成时发生在过去，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调影响 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页
5、，共 9 页2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语： yesterday, last week ，ago, in1980, in October, from then on/after that （打那以后）；just now 刚才； in the past （在过去）等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语： for, since, so far（到目前为止）, ever（曾经）, never（从未） , just （刚刚） , before （以前） , lately/recently （最近） , already
6、（已经） , yet（还；已经） , up to now（到目前为止） , in the past few years（在过去的几年里） , these days, ever since then（打那以后）等现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。e.g ： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）I have
7、seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）She joined the League three years ago. (加入的动作不是延续的 ) She has been in the League for three years (since three years ago). (在团内的状态可延续 ) She has been a League member for three years (since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续 ) 注意:句子中如有一般过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1
8、960）时,不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。（错） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 【练一练】在现在完成时中，在与_ 和_ 引导的表示一段时间的状语连精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页用时，通常是用相应的 _ 动词来代替 _. 一、将下面的非延续性动词变为相应的延续性动词。borrow _,buy_,begin/start_, die _,join
9、 _ _ ，come/arrive _ , come/get back _,go/leave _, marry _, 二、句型转换1) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 3) He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 4)He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 5）He arriv
10、ed Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. 非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换与练习到某地： arrive at/in sw. 或 get to/reach sw. 或 come/go/move to sw. be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. 2) I moved to the USA last year. I _ _ _ th
11、e USA since _ _. 3) I went home yesterday. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页I _ _ _ home for _ _. 4) They came here last week. They _ _ here since _ _. 返回： come/go back, return be back出去： come/go out be out1) He came out two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 2) We return to Fuzhou
12、yesterday. We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _. become be1) I became a teacher in 2000. I _ _ a teacher for _ _. 2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed ，open be open1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ _ for _ _. 2) The door opened at six in the morning. T
13、he door _ _ _ for six hours. get up 起床 be up ； die 死 be dead ；leave sw. 离开某地 be away from sw.；fall asleep/get to sleep 睡觉 be asleep ；finish/end结束 be over ；marry 结婚 be married精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页1) I got up two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _. 2) He left Fuzhou just n
14、ow. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 3) My grandpa died in 2002. My grandpa _ _ _for _ _. 4) The meeting finished at six. The meeting _ _ _ for six hours. 5) I got to sleep two hours ago. I _ _ _ since _ _. 6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. 开始做 do sth. begin 开始 be
15、on 上映；演出1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _. 2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _. borrow 借 keep 保存；保管；buy 买 havelose 丢失 not have ；put on 穿上 wear；catch/get a cold 患感冒 have a cold感冒（状态）；get to know 了解；认识 know精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - -
16、 - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页1) They borrowed it last week. They _ _ it since _ _. 2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 3) I got to know him last year. I _ _ him since _ _. 4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to 去了某地 have been in呆在某地；一直在某地1) He has
17、 gone to Beijing. He _ _ _ Beijing for two days. join the league入团/the Party入党/the army参军be a league/a Party member/a soldier be a member of the league/the Party be in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002. He _ _ a _ _ for two years. He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years. He _ _ _
18、 the league for two years. 2) My brother joined the army two years ago. My brother _ _ a _ for _ _. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页My brother_ _ in _ _ for two years. 【Homework】一根据提示完成句子1. 他的爷爷去世三年了。His grandfather _three years ago. His grandfather has_ _ _3 years. His grand
19、father has_ _ _ 3 years ago. 2 你买这辆自行车有多长时间了？How long have you_the bike? 3 我买这本故事书三年了。I _this story book three years ago. I have _ this story book _ three years ago. I have _this story book _ three years. 4.他参军三年了。He _ the Army three years ago. He has_ _the Army _ _ _. He has _ a _ _the Army for 3 y
20、ears. 5. 玛丽和约翰结婚有十年了。Mary _ to John ten years ago. Mary_ _ _ to John for ten years. 6.我入团 2 年了。I _ _ _ two years ago. I _ _ a _ _ for two years. I _ _ a _ of _ _ for two years. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页I _ _ _ the _ for two years. 7. The film began two minutes ago. The
21、 film _ _ _ for _ _. 8. I bought a pen two hours ago. I _ _ a pen for _ _. 9. He left Fuzhou just now. He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes. 10.He came back two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _. 11.He arrived Beijing five minutes ago. He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. 二. 改错1.Hurry up! They wait for us. 2.Are you r
22、emembering his name? 3. Imliking the film very much. 4. Ill be glad if it will snow soon. 5. Does she goes to school every day? 6. I have seen Betty yesterday 7. I didnt see the headmaster for weeks.8. His grandpa has died for two weeks. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页三. 汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。_ 2）他离开中国三年了。_ 3）我认识他们五年了。_ 4）他们已去了美国五年了。_ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页