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1、2023外研版新教材英语高考第一轮章节总复习必修第三册Unit 3阅读题组练速度I .阅读AThe Book ListBest boss.chosen by Elizabeth KolbertElizabeth Kolbert, s new book,Under a While Sky,explores climate engineering and other bids to address humanity? s impact on nature.Below,the Pulitzer winning author of The Sixth Extinction recommends sev
2、eral other books.Encounters with the Archdruid by John McPhee (1971)McPhee s vivid portrait of David Brower,the California mountaineer considered by many to be the father of the modern environmental movement,is a classic.lt in the process poses one of the central questions of our time:Can a develope
3、d,technological society coexist with nature,or are the two contradictory?Spillover:Animal Infections and the Next Human Pandemic by David Quammen (2012)For understanding how our behavior towards animals,both domesticated and wild,made the pandemicsinevitable,there? s no better guide.The Alchemy of U
4、s:How Humans and Matter Transformed One Another by Ainissa Ramirez (2020)Ramirez,a materials scientist,argues that with our technologies we have transformed not just the world around us but also ourselves.lt? s a fascinating idea,and Ramirez makes it come alive through the stories of inventors,some
5、well-known,others underappreciated.A Friend of the Earth by T.C.Boyle (2000)Fiction about ecological disaster tends to be written in a tragic key.Boyle,by contrast,favors the darkly comic.In this novel,set in 2025,an aging environmentalist is caring for a pop star s Noah s Ark-like animal shelter wh
6、en a real flood arrives.l.What do these books have in common?A.They are all collections of short stories.B.They are all about people and the planet.C.They all focus on the effects of animals.D.They all introduce the most influential people.2 .What kind of book is A Friend of the EarthsA.A science fi
7、ction.B.A tragedy.C.A mystery novel.D.A comedy.3 .Whose book tells about the improper treatment of animals?A.Elizabeth Kolbert.B.John McPhee.C.David Quammen.D.Ainissa Ramirez.BWhile I was growing upj often heard my teachers say,“Oh,Tina is gifted in algebra/9 While watching the Olympics,my parents w
8、ould say/These gymnasts are born with such ability75 Statements like these made me believe people were born with certain talents and if they didn t have a particular one at birth,then they never would.ThereforeJ rarely focused on algebra.Nobody told me that if you keep trying and trying,one day a di
9、fficult task will seem easy.Actually,! learnt this from my young daughter,Samaya.One day,! was finishing some paperwork and I said,“Oh no,how could I have made that mistake?” Samaya instantly saidMum,don t worry.Mistakes make your brain grow bigger.”Actually,we all need to be reminded that mistakes
10、or failures are just fine and that they are a huge part of growth and success.However,the regular belief is the opposite.We must correct this with our children.We must encourage them to make mistakes because that means they are trying out new ideas.Billionaire Sara Blakely,founder of the shapewear b
11、usiness Spanx,has seen many failures.She made a living by selling fax machines for seven years.Knocking on many doors and making a lot of mistakes was a journey she calls educational.Sara Blakely owes her risktaking skills to the weekend talk she had with her father.As a child,her father would ask h
12、er the same question every weekend/What did you fail at this week,Sara?” He did not care how high her scores were.He wanted to know what she had tried but failed at.When she told him about her failures and mistakes,he would give her a high five.He was reprogramming her mind to believe that mistakes
13、and failures are fine.So go ahead and ask yourself and your children,“What did we fail at this week?”.What discouraged the author from efforts in algebra?A.She wasn t interested in it.B.She thought she was not gifted.C.She thought it was useless.D.She was not allowed to learn it.4 .What does the und
14、erlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.Keep trying is necessary.B.Failure is a path to success.C.Mistakes are not acceptable.D.Encouragement is significant.5 .Why did Sara s father keep asking her the same question?A.To rebuild her mindset.B.To keep her from failures.C.To know what she hadn t
15、 tried.D.To prevent her getting high scores.6 .What would be the best title for the text?A.A Secret to Success.A Method of EducationC.The Magic of MistakesD.The Power of a Fixed MindsetCChina has just officially opened its FAST radio telescope to international scientists.Scientists across the world
16、can submit proposals for astronomical observations using the telescope.FAST is short for Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope （球面射电望远镜） and it is also believed to be the world? s largest radio telescope and the most sensitive singledish radio telescope.The receiving surface area of FAST i
17、s 250,000 square meters,about the size of 30 standard football fields.Its construction was completed in September 2016 and it officially began operating in January 2020.The major scientific task of the telescope is the observation of pulsars （脉冲星）the rotating neutron stars.The study of pulsars can h
18、elp to confirm the existence of gravitational radiation and black holes,and help solve many other major questions in physics.Another scientific goal of FAST is to search for outer space civilization.The telescope is located in a naturally deep and round karst depression in southwest China? s Guizhou
19、 Province.The first advantage of the selected site is the altitude.The average altitude of Guizhou is about 1,100 meters,which maximizes the effectiveness of the observation equipment.Secondly,the radio telescope needs to have a big pan“ to receive better signals.The huge natural depression could re
20、duce the amount of excavation （挖掘）and difficulty of construction.Moreover,the selected site in Guizhou is far away from cities,and has a small population,which reduces the interference （干扰）caused by wireless devices such as TVs,mobile phones and radios from human activities.FAST has identified over
21、300 pulsars.Experts predict that the number could reach 1,000 in five years and that the telescope could locate and identify the first pulsar outside the Galaxy.With the opening-up to international scientists,China? s FAST is expected to make more contribution to astronomical research in the future.
22、8.What do we know about FAST? A.It is opened to global scientists. B.It is a project under construction. C.It has provided service since 2016. D.It has found a pulsar outside the Galaxy. 9.What is the main task of FAST?A.To study black holes.B.To observe the pulsars.C.To explore the sun. D.To seek s
23、pace civilization. 10.What? s special about the selected site? A.It, s close to urban areas.B.It reduces engineering amount.C.It possesses a shallow depression. D.It, s at the highest altitude in China. 11.Which can be the best title for the text? A.Major Scientific Tasks of FAST B.Ways to Select th
24、e Site for FASTC.Contributions FAST Has MadeD.Facts About FAST Radio TelescopeAn afternoon nap （午睡）is one of the joys of life,although too much napping could signal all is not well.In some cultures,people will have a daily napthis is fine.The warning comes when people start sleeping during the dayti
25、me,when they did not sleep before.There is certainly a good reason to believe that daytime sleepiness-as in the Alzheimer? s disease study-can be a marker of an underlying condition.For most people,napping during the day is mainly a sign that you are not getting enough sleep at night,says Dr.Neil St
26、anley,a sleep expert/If you feel sleepy during the day,you should think about taking a nap.That is what the body needs-it doesn t need to be kept awake with caffeine.lt needs sleep?The feeling we should notice is sleepiness”,he says.It s not tiredness,which could be more psychological and linked to
27、stress.”So how do you nap well?The key thing,says Stanley,is how long your nap lasts.Choose either a 20-or 90-minute nap.When you fall asleep,you 11 quickly go through the lighter stages of sleep into your first period of deep sleep. You don t want to wake up because that, s when you wake and feel w
28、orse than you did before?5 Napping for 20 minutes means you will wake up before you go into deep sleep;napping for 90 minutes means you 11 complete a sleep cycle.Once you factor in the time it takes to fall asleep一“Some people are better at napping than others but/5 says Stanley/a healthy adult will
29、 fall asleep in between 5 and 12 minutes.一you can set an alarm,allowing a 30-to 40-minute period for a short nap,and up to two hours for a longer one.A good time to nap is during the body s natural dip in the afternoon,between 2 p.m.and 4 p.m/You don t really want to be napping much past that becaus
30、e then you are going to be eating into your night-time sleepStanley says.The point,he stresses,is to get good night-time sleep,which would ensure you probably don t need to nap at all.12 .What does an afternoon nap indicate for most people? A.Caffeine addiction.B.Psychological stress.C.Insufficient
31、night sleep.D.Potential physical illness.13 .What is the key to a good nap? A.Duration.B.Surroundings.C.Health.D.Stages.14 .What does the underlined word “that in the last paragraph refer to?A.A 30-to 40-minute period.B.The time between 2 p.m.and 4 p.m.C.The time between 5 and 12 minutes.D.A 20-to 9
32、0-minute period.15.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Why to Phase a NapB.When to Take a Good NapC.What to Learn From a NapD.How to Have a Successful Nap n.七选五It is so easy to get comfortable and stuck in our comfort zones.We know what we like;we know what to expect;we know
33、where we 11 do well and we stay there.Outside of this zone are risks and fears. 1This works sometimes.However,while the zone outside of where we are comfortable might be scary and risky,it is also the area of growth. 23 Over two days,we worked with the group and helped them see how they were limitin
34、g themselves,their lives and their careers by unknowingly staying with what they knew and where they were comfortable.We put them in awkward situations,asked them tough questions and helped them feel ill at ease until they got more comfortable with that. 4 At last they identified what they wanted wa
35、s out of their comfort zones.I saw then,as I have seen so many times in my own life and in the lives of others,that there is so much possibility when we stretch and try .We may need to build up to it.We may need to gather support and encouragement. 5 But when we do,and when we reach beyond where we
36、usually comfortably stay,we find ourselves in a zone of opportunity.We find so much of what we want.Take at least two actions that put you outside of your comfort zones and get you closer to what you want.A.Opportunity zones are where dangers lie.B.So,we continue where we are with what we know.C.We
37、may need to take steps to get closer to our goals.D.However,most people are used to staying in their comfort zones.E.It is our opportunity zone,with so much potential and possibility.F.We pushed them beyond where they were both physically and mentally.G.We once designed a program to push people to s
38、tep out of their comfort zones.答案：1 .【语篇导读】本文是应用文。文章是一个书单，介绍了五本书的主要内容等。1.B 解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的“explores climate engineering and other bids to address humanity s impact on nature”,第二段的“a developed,technological society coexist with nature”,第三段的“understanding how our behavior towards animals,both domestic
39、ated and wild，第 四段的“with our technologies we have transformed not just the world around us but also ourselves”以及第五段的“an aging environmentalist is caring for a pop star s Noah s Ark-like animal shelter when a real flood arrives”可知，这些书的共同之处在于它 们都是关于人类和这个星球的。应选B项。2 .D 解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Fiction about eco
40、logical disaster tends to be written in a tragic key.Boyle,by contrast,favors the darkly comic.”可知,A Friend of the Earth 是一部喜剧。3 .C 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的“For understanding how our behavior towards animals,both domesticated and wild,made the pandemicsinevitable,there? s no better guide.”可知,David Quammen的书讲
41、述了对动物的不当对待。【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者借助自身经历和Sara Blakely的故事，讲述 了失败和犯错误的重要性。4 .B 解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Statements like these made me believe people were born with certain talents and if they didn t have a particular one at birth,then they never would.ThereforeJ rarely focused on algebra.”可知，作者不认真学代数的原因是她觉 得自己不具备这
42、方面的天赋。应选B项。5 .C 解析 代词指代题。根据第三段中的“Actually,we all need to be reminded that mistakes or failures are just fine and that they are a huge part of growth andsuccess.However,the regular belief is the opposite.We must correct this with our children.”可 知,this指的是“犯错误是不可以接受的”这个观点，应选C项。6 .A 解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“
43、He wanted to know what she had tried but failed at.”及“He was reprogramming her mind to believe that mistakes and failures are fine.” 可知,Sara父亲问她相同问题的原因是想重塑她面对失败和错误的态度，让她相信错误和 失败是可以接受的。7 .C 解析 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“Actually,we all need to be reminded that mistakes or failures are just fine and that they are
44、a huge part of growth and success.“可知，作 者借助自身经历和Sara Blakely的故事，讲述了失败和犯错误的重要性。因此推断C项 “错误的魔力”为最正确标题。【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了中国官方已正式向全世界科学家开放了天眼 天文观测工程，同时介绍了天眼的特色功能、选址和任务，另外还介绍了天眼已获得的成 绩及其前景。8 .A解析细节理解题。根据第一段首句可知，中国刚刚正式向全世界科学家开放天眼; 根据第二段尾句可知,B项“正在建造”和C项“从2016年开始已经提供服务”均错误，天 眼是在2016年竣工，并于2020年1月正式投入使用。根据最后一段
45、第二句可知,D项 “天眼已发现银河系外的一个脉冲星”错误。9 .B解析细节理解题。根据第三段首句可知，天眼的主要科学任务是对脉冲星的观 测。10 .B 解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“could reduce the amount of excavation and difficulty of construction”可知，选在此地可以减少挖掘和施工困难,即可以减少工程量。11 .D 解析主旨大意题。本文主要讲述天眼对外国科学家的开放、特色功能、选址、 任务及成就,故本文是在讲述天眼的几个事实。故D项作为标题最合适。【破解长难句】FAST is short for Five-hundred-
46、meter Aperture Spherical Telescope （球面 射电望远镜）and it is also believed to be the world s largest radio telescope and the most sensitive single-dish radio telescope.【分析】be short for是固定短语，意为“是的缩写”;it is believed to be是固定句型，意为“被认为是【译文】FAST 是 Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope 的缩写，它也被认为是 世界上最
47、大的射电望远镜和最敏感的单碟射电望远镜。【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章谈论的是与午睡相关的问题,涉及午睡与健康的关 系、午睡的时间及时长等问题。12 .C 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“For most people,napping during the day is mainly a sign that you are not getting enough sleep at night”可知，对于大局部人来说，午睡 主要是由晚上睡眠缺乏引起的。13 .A 解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The key thing,says Stanley,is how long your nap la
48、sts.”可知,一个好的午睡的关键是睡眠的持续时间。14 .B 解析代词指代题。根据语境可知此处that指的是时间，而且指的是刚刚提到的时 间，结合上文中的A good time to nap is during the body s natural dip in theafternoon,between 2 p.m.and 4 p.m.”可知，此处that指的是下午两点到四点之间的时间。15.D解析主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知,本篇所谈论的是与午睡相关的问题，涉及 午睡与健康的关系、午睡时间及时长等问题，主要想讲述怎样才能好好午睡，因此D项 较好地概括了全文内容。II.【语篇导读】本文是说明
49、文。舒适区会让我们感到舒服平安，不过舒适区之外虽有风 险但同时也充满了机会和可能性，所以试着走出舒适区,追求更大的进步吧。1.B解析根据空前面的“我们知道我们喜欢什么，我们知道该期待什么,我们知道我们 在哪里会做得好并待在那里。舒适区之外是风险和恐惧”可知，舒适区让我们感觉非常 舒服，所以我们愿意继续待在舒适区，故B项符合语境。2 .E解析空前面讲到了“然而，虽然让我们感到舒适的区域外的区域可能是可怕和危险 的，但它也是我们成长的区域”,因此E项“它是我们的机会区域，有非常多的潜能和可能 性”符合语境。3 .G 解析本段主要讲到的是一个方案的具体操作，因此，主旨句应会讲到我们开展了一 个计划，所以G项符合语境。4 .F解析