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1、课 题复习时态（二）授课时间：备课时间：教学目标掌握现在完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成时、过去将来、基本构成和基本用法；熟记各种时态的结构和时间状语。重点、难点各时态在语法填空、改错题的综合运用考点及考试要求1. 高考考纲规定的3500左的词是基本词汇2. 词类：1）名词2）形容词3）副词4）动词5）代词 6）冠词7）数词 8）介词9）连词3. 时态和语态 4.虚拟语气 5.非谓语动词6.简单句和并列句 7.名词性从句 8.定语从句9.状语从句 10.主谓一致 11.特殊句式（省略，倒装，there be 句型， 强调，插入语）教学内容一、知识点1、现在完成时一、定义： 现在完成时表示的是在
2、过去某个时间开始并持续到现在的动作/状态,或者过去的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果。I dont want to see the film, because I have seen it before 也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，或有可能有可能停止，或有可能继续延续下去。 HehaslearnedEnglishsince2001. 从2001年开始学的（,现在还在继续学着呢）二、.现在完成时的结构现在完成时的构成形式：have/has(助动词)+done(过去分词)I/You/They/Wehavetalked. He/Shehastalked.现在完成时的否定结构就是在助动词have或
3、has后加上否定词not； I/You/They/Wehavent(havenot)talked. He/Shehasnt(hasnot)talked.其一般疑问句就是将助动词have或has提到句首，HaveI/You/They/Wetalked. Hashe/shetalked.肯定的简略回答是：Yes，主语have/has.，否定的简略回答是：No，主语have/hasnot.。如：Ihaveseenthefilm. Haveyouseenthefilm？Yes，Ihave./No，Ihavent.三、现在完成时的标志1、for+时段 since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志. f
4、or及since区别:for+时间段since+时间点IhavelivedinChangchun_twoyears.Ihavebeenhere_7oclock. I have studied in this school since I came to China用since和for填空_twoyears2._twoyearsago3._lastmonth 4._19992、already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句） Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.already用在_，位于_。“已经”Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?yet用
5、在_和_中，位于_。“仍然，已经”3)sofar(目前;迄今为止)uptonow=tillnow=bynow到现在为止；直到现在recently最近 bytheendof到末/结束 bytheendofthisyear到今年年末bytheendofthismonth到本月末 inthelast/pastmonths在过去的几个月中 inthepast/lastfewdays/years在过去的这几天4、用于现在完成时的句型1） Itisthefirst/secondtimethat+ 现在完成时。2） Itwasthefirst/secondtimethat+ 过去完成时 这是我第一次欣赏月光
6、。_3） 用“Itis/hasbeen时间段since”句型。 如：Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssinceIboughtthebook. (从买这本书起到现在已三年了)四、跟一段时间连用表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词。例如： (1)这本书我已经买了三个月了。 错误：I have bought the book for three months. 正确：(2)你哥哥参军多长时间了？ 错误：How long has your brother joined the army? 正确：延续性动词及非延续性动词之间的转换leave-beaway borrow-keep buy-
7、have begin/start-beondie-bedead finish-beover fallill-beillgetup-beup catchacold-haveacold comehere-beheregothere-bethere become-be comeback-bebackfallasleep-beasleep getto/arrive/reach-be(in) leave-beawayfromgettoknow-know go(get)outbeoutputonwearjoin-be a member of . (成为的一员) open -be open close -b
8、e closed The old man died 4 years ago.- He joined the Party 2 years ago.- I bought the book 5 days ago.- 五、现在完成时态及一般过去时态的区别 1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw the film yesterday.I have seen the film2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：ago, last week/.In 2008, in the past, just n
9、ow, the day before yesterday, yesterday . Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止）, since，for，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet（否定，疑问句）, just(刚刚), before（以前）连用。六、比较 have/has been to、have/has gone to 和 have been inhave(has) been to.表示“曾去过某
10、地，已经从那里回来了”，可以和ever、never、twice等连用。have(has) gone to表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”。have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常及表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等课堂练习：1.Uptonow,theprogram_thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassaved2.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_allov
11、ertheword.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduce3Hisfirstnovel_goodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.A.receivesB.isreceivingC.willreceiveD.hasreceived4.ItisthemostinstructivelecturethatI_sinceIcametothisschool.A.attendedB.hadattendedC.areattendedD.haveattended5.Thisisthefirsttime
12、we_afilminthecinematogetherasafamily.A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen2、 现在完成进行时一、基本结构：主语+have/has+been doing 二、现在完成进行的基本用法 1. 现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作很可能继续进行下去。如： It has been raining since last Sunday. Hes been watching television all day. 2. 现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。如： She is very tired. Shes
13、 been typing letters all day. Her eyes are red. She has been crying. 三、现在完成进行时及现在完成时的区别 1. 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作。如： I have read the book. I have been reading the book. 2. 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩。如： I have waited for two hours. （陈述事实） I have been waiting for two hours. （等得好辛
14、苦） 3.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。如： Ive only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。 Theyve been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。 The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。 练习:用动词正确形式填空。1. You know, I _ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview. 2. My siste
15、r _ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year. 3. The little boy is dirty all over because he _ (play) in the mud all the morning. 4.Here he is! We _ (wait) anxiously for him since last night. 3、过去完成时一、基本概念总体上说它属于“过去”这一时间段内发生的事情，它表达的是在某个过去动作或时间点之前发生的动作，简单地说就是“过去的过去”发生的事情 I had finished reading th
16、e novel by nine oclock last night. 二、构成 肯定句:主语助动词had过去分词其他否定句hadnot.例如：I said IhadntlearntLesson20yet.疑问句Had.?例如：Hadyoueverseensuchanexcitingmatchbefore?Yes,Ihad./No,Ihadnt.三、语法判定 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。及过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last
17、 night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： Before10:00 yesterday,hehadfinishedhishomework.2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。 Shesaidshehadseenthefilm4times.
18、四、用法1、表示在过去动作之前已经发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：Mostoftheguesthadleftwhenhearrivedattheparty.（即：客人在他到之前已经离开了。） Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.（即：吃饭在先，他们到达在后。）1、 过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。例如：Hehadworkedinthefactoryforfiveyearsbeforehemovedhere. BythetimeIgotthere,ithadalreadyfinished
19、. Annhadlivedinacottageforsixtyyearseversinceshewasborn.3、叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 4、过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well.
20、他说他很熟悉她。 5、状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如:when, before, after, as soon as, till/until引导的 例如： _. 我醒来时雨已停了。 6、在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。 例如： I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。 五、其它句型1.Itwasthefirsttimethat从句中，从句用过去完成时。 Itwasthefirsttimethathehadseensobea
21、utifulscenery。2、.Hardly/scarcely.when及nosoonerthan引导的时间状语从句中，从句是一般过去时时，主句就用过去完成时。e.g： He had hardlybeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Hehadnosooner arrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。注：hardly/scarcely/nosooner放在句首时，句子要使用部分倒装。 NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanitbegantorain六、过去完成时及现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作
22、发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，及现在有关过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。 比较：I _(learn) 1000 English words so far. I _(learn) 1000 English words till then.七、过去完成时及一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点： 1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。 比较：T
23、hey had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 练习：.单项选择1Heaskedme_duringthesummerholidays.A.whereIhadbeen B.whereIhadgone C.wherehadIbeen D.wherehadIgone2.What_Jane_bythetimehewassever?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.I_900EnglishwordsbythetimeIw
24、asten。A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt4.She_livedherefor_years.A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I_thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked4、过去将来时一、过去将来时的构成：1、would/should+动词原形 2、 was/were going to+动词原形二、过去将来时的用法
25、：1、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句中。例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock tomorrow.2、 表示过去的某种习惯，只要would。例如：Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand.每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。巩固练习：1.LiMingsaidhe_happyifBrian _toChinanextmonth.A.as;comeB.was;wouldcomeC.wouldbe;came
26、D.willbe;come2.Whatdidyoursonsayintheletter? Hetoldmethathe_theDisneyWorldthenextday. A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.isgoingtovisitD.wouldvisit二、 课堂练习一、 单句语法填空1Whilemakinggreateffortstorunaway,she_(fall)overthehillanddied.2.Inordertogetgoodmarksinthecomingexam,myson_(study)lateeverynightinthepastthreeweek
27、s.3MrsWeldon_(weigh)onlyfiftykilograms,shelooksasifsheisveryweak.4Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,bythetwosides_(reach)noagreement sofar5WhatTaiChidoesforthebody_(attract)theattentionofwesternscientistsuntilnow.6Sincethen,thelittlecloud_(travel)allovertheworld,enjoyingtheviewsofalltheforestsandbeaut
28、ifulcountryside.7He_(eat)somethingathomewhenhereceivedastrangephonecallfromahospital.8Mostofpeoplethinkthattheuseofcellphonesshould_(ban)whiletheyaredriving,becauseinthatcaseaccidentscaneasilyhappen.9. Eachyearapproximately110teachersandexperts_(employ)frommorethantwentycountriestoteachatBFSU.10.Iha
29、vealwaysenjoyedalltheeventsyouorganizedandIhope_(attend)manymoreinthecomingyears.11.Inartcriticism，youmustassumetheartisthasasecretmessage_(hide)withinthework.12.Parentsshouldactivelyurgetheirchildren_(take)advantageoftheopportunitytojoinsports teams.13.Thecoolingwindsweptthroughourbedroomwindows，_(
30、make)airconditioningunnecessary.14Imgoingtotakeadvantageofthistour_(explore)thehistoryofthecastle.15.In1931，AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwoman_(win)theNobelPeacePrize.16NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidence_(suggest)thatthet
31、rendisgrowing.17TheAthleticDepartmentislookingforstudents_(help)assiststaffduringtheFall2016，Winter201617andSpring2017semesters.18Students_(interest)inworkingfortheAthleticDepartmentshouldcontacttheAthleticCoordinatorattheirrespectivecampuses.19._(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus，youdbetterkeepthisca
32、rdathand.20._(order)overaweekago，thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.21Newlybuiltwoodencottageslinethestreet，_(turn)theoldtownintoadreamland二、单项单句改错1、When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.2、In the mornings，it was full of students exercising.The view from the
33、 back of the classroom is also splendid.Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees3.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.4. We must found ways to protect our environment5.So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.6.Lots of studies have
34、been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.7.Tony was scared and begun to cry.8 Tea in China was traditionally drank from cups without handles.9.My dream school look like a big garden.10. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby.11.WhenIwasatcollegeIspokenthreeforeignlanguages,butIhadforgottenallexceptafewwordsofeach.12.Theteachertoldthatthesunroseintheeast.13.IwillspeaktohimwhenIwillseehimnextSunday.10 / 10