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1、第10讲非谓语动词1、定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动 名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词，过去分词只有一种形式）。非谓语动词的否认式都是在其前直接加noto2、非谓语动词的各种时态形式：非谓语动词一般式完成式进行时不定式主动式to do主动式to have doneto be doing被动式to be done被动式to have been done动名词/现在分词主动式doing主动式having doneX被动式being done被动式having been done过去分词donedoneX单谓语或动词短语:H
2、e works.He takes care of the baby.情态动词/助动词+v.：He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.系动词+表语：You are students.You look smart.3、非谓语动词使用的条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（即有谓语动词），又没有连词的情况下，还有别的动词出现时，这些动 词就充当了非谓语动词。如：She had water delivered to her house.We noticed him enter the building
3、.4、非谓语动词的形式：1） to do不定式V-ing：(2021 .新疆.疏附县第二中学高一开学考试)阅读以下材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的 正确形式。About six years ago I began my job as an IT consultant(顾问).I had always been quite good with computers. It was a great move for me, as I quickly learned a ton. Every day was fun. It was one of the best and most cha
4、llenging jobs I had ever had.When 2 (think) of a few years ahead, I realized that things started to taper(逐渐变窄). I wasnt learning as much as before. I felt a desire to try something different. But I couldnt get up the courage to make any moves. I3 (pay) very well; I had a lot of freedom, and great b
5、enefits. I had grown comfortable and 1 had been4 (accustom) to an easy life.Last year things came to a head(达至U紧急关头), I was having a 5 (particular) stressful month,6 (overload) with work that was neither challenging nor interesting. I had enough. I 7 (reach) out to my boss and let him know about my
6、idea. We had a meeting about my personal 8 (decide). He didnt want to lose me. He addressed my concerns and we agreed that I could change my job and begin working on some new internal (内部的)organizational systems. 1 decided to give this new role a chance.Now, a year after my role change, not much is
7、different. Senior staff did not adopt 9 new systems I built. The work is still uninspiring and unchallenging. Change can be very difficult for some and after spending time trying to carry out new solutions, Ive realized that you simply cant change other people if they dont want it.Ive again quit my
8、job. I need a greater challenge. Tve learned a lot 10 my quitting experience.Test 2(2020.江苏启东中学高一开学考试)阅读下面材料，在空白填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正 确形式。The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it 11 hundreds of years ago, 12 i
9、t has brought new problems. One of the 13 (big) is pollution. Pollution comes in many 14 (form). We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious 15 there were not so many people. When
10、 the land 16 (use) up or the river was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now 17 (slow) polluting the whole world.Air pollution is still the most serious. Its bad fbr all living things in the world. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drink
11、ing water. Noise pollution 18 (make) us angry more easily.Many countries are making rules 19 (fight) pollution. They stop people from 20 (burn) coal in houses and the factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.真题初体验(2019全国HI卷)On our way to the house, it was raining 61 hard that
12、 we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63 dogs, seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters 64 had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of th
13、eir experiences and 65 (recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. For breakfast, we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting66 (compete) to watch, together
14、with the story behind it. They also shared with us many 67(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were 68 (huge) popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay, we69 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,70 (listen) to musicians and me
15、eting interesting locals.(2019北京卷)A阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。On the first day of my first grade, I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach. I 1 (voice) my biggest concern to my mother. How will I make friends?” She handed me advice. Be yourself. For the
16、past 20 years, I have lived by these words. Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world. Nervously 2 (face) challenges, I know I will whisper to 3(I) the two simple words “Be yourselfB阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Earth Day, 4 (mark) on 22 April, is an ann
17、ual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection. First celebrated 51970, the Day now includes events in more than 190 countriesand regions(地区).No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various 6 (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a me
18、al with locally grown vegetables, or save powerthe possibilities are endless.C阅读以下短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词 空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白 处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Does the name of the college you attend really matter? Research on the question 7 (suggest) that, for most students, it doesnt. What students do at college see
19、ms to matter much more than 8 they go. The students benefitting most from college are those 9 are totally engaged(参与)in academic life, taking full advantage of the colleges chances and resources(资源).Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend,
20、 and its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and 10 (meaning) college experience.第10讲非谓语动词1、定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词，过去分词只有一种形式）。非谓语动词的否认式都是在其前直接加noto2、非谓语动词的各种时态形式：非谓语动词一般式完成式进行时不定式主动式to do主动式to have doneto be doing被动式to be done被
21、动式to have been done动名词/现在分词主动式doing主动式having doneX被动式being done被动式having been done过去分词donedoneX单谓语或动词短语:He works.He takes care of the baby.情态动词/助动词+v.：He will go to Shanghai.He didnt go to Shanghai.He has gone to Shanghai.系动词+表语：You are students.You look smart.3、非谓语动词使用的条件：一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（即有谓语动词），又没
22、有连词的情况下，还有别的动词出现时，这些动 词就充当了非谓语动词。如：She had water delivered to her house.We noticed him enter the building.4、非谓语动词的形式：1) to do不定式V-ing：作为一个名词使用，称为动名词；作为一个形容词或副词使用，称为现在分词;2) V-ed过去分词一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语1 .不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。如：She was surprised to see Jim walk in.看到吉姆
23、进来，她很惊讶。不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性在不定式前可以加上in order so as。如：To succeed, one must first of all believe in himselfIn order to keep warm we shut all the windows.(3)不定式表结果，常用在tooto; enough.to结构中。有时不定式前加上only,表示出人意料的结果。如:The child is old enough to dress himself.We hurried to the station only to be told that
24、the train had left.The husband left his wife never to return.有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。如：I have never seen such a person,to tell you the truthTo cut a long story short we disagree.长话短说，我们不同意。2现做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时 间状语，往往表示
25、动作先于谓语动词发生。如：Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.Having finished his speech, he answered our questions.作原因状语。如：Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the morning.作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果。如：The fire lasted a whole night causing great damage.作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作
26、。如.Following Tom, we started to climb.She came riding a brand-new bike.现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且与主句间用逗号隔开。如：Jane kept silent trying not to show her feelings.作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，说明说话者的态度、观 点等。常见的有：Generally speaking 一般说来strictly speaking 严格说来roughly speaking 大致说来 narrowly speaking 狭义上说j
27、udging from/by 由判断Judging from her accent she must come from Australia.3.过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。如：Asked about his address, the boy didnt respond.Seen from the hill the city looks magnificent.作原因状语，常置于句首。如：Infected with the H1N1 the little boy was separated f
28、rom the other children作条件状语。如：United, we stand; divided, we fall 合那么立,分那么败。(4)作伴随或方式状语。如：The pop star hurried up to her car,followed by her fans.二、不定式与动名词做宾语：1 .以下动词后常跟不定式做宾语：want,wish hope, expect, ask, afford, agree,choose, pretend,decide,happen,learnoffer,refuse, fail, plan, prepare,order,manage,
29、promise,intend 等。如：He agreed to get someone to help us.They promised not to break the school rules again有以下口诀和顺口溜供参考使用：决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事，迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事想要干：want, wish, hope, expect, seek, attempt, aim, desire, swear,claim,would like/love早打算:plan, intend, prepare, mean, arrange同意否：agree, promise,
30、undertake, offer, choose, refuse, afford问问看:ask(asktodo要求做)，beg决定了：decide, determine, be determined,make up ones mind尽力干：try, manage(反义词 fail), attempt, struggle, strive愿等:beunwilling, (cant)wait别 装蒜:pretend*说明:口诀内的动词后跟不定式，几乎都有将来意味。2在以下动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语：admit, advise,allow, avoid,bear,cannot help,con
31、sider,delay,enjoy,finish ,give up, imagineinclude, keep, keep on,mind,miss,put off,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand ,insist on, be busy, be worth,feel like,cant stand, be/get/become used to,be equal to,devote.to,get down to,look forward to,object to, stick to. take to, see to,lead to,pay at
32、tention to 等。考虑建议盼望原谅 consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon成认推迟去设想 admit, delay/put of17postpone,fancy防止错过继续练 avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice否认完成去欣赏deny, finish, 叩preciate禁止想象去冒险forbid, imagine, risk不禁介意准逃亡 cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape难以忍受始反对 cant stand, set about, ob
33、ject to想要成功坚持忙 feel like, succeed in, stick to/insist on, be busy/occupied(in).习惯放弃有困难 be used/accustomed to, give up,have difficulty /trouble (in).导致专心防抱歉 lead to, be devoted to, prevent/stop/keep.from,apologize(to sb.) for喜欢花费忍不住 enjoy, spend(time/money). .can,t help介词+doing:be good/expert at doin
34、g sth 擅长做某事be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing sth.坚持做某事 thank sb. for doing sth.谢谢某人做某事be tired of doing sth.厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事put off doing sth.推迟做某事stop sb.from doing sth阻止某人做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事without doing sth.没有做某事think about doing sth.考虑做某事 What/How about
35、doing 做某事怎么样？look forward to doing sth（盼望） pay attention to doing sth.（注意）be used to doing sth.（习 惯于）prefer doing sth to doing sth （更喜欢）devote oneself to doing sth（致力于）make a contribution to doing sth（做贡献）注意:既可以接t。do也可以接doing但区别很大的情况：口诀：一t己 remember 二忘 forget 三遗憾 regret 四试 try五图 mean 六停止stop,还有canth
36、elp 和go onremember/ forget （to do）要做（doing）做过stop, go on（to do）两件事（doing）一件事try to do尽力做 try doing尝试做like/hate/love to do 一次,性 like/hate/love doing 长期Mean todo打算做什么，企图做什么mean doing意味着cant help to do不能帮助做什么can1 thelp doing情不自禁做什么如：They stop to smoke.他们停下来吸烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。Although maths i
37、s difficult, I will try to study it.（try to do sth 尽力做某事）The machine couldnt work.Lets try repairing it.（try doing sth.试着做某事）三、不定式与动名词做主语：动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。如:Climbing mountains is great fun-To visit China is my next goal不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。如It took me only five mi
38、nutes to finish the job（4）动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。常见于以下句型中：Ifs use/ good /fun doingIts usefiil/nice/ useless doing四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语1表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。如：My hobby is collecting/to collect ancient coins.2假设表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。如：My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.3现在分
39、词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征，也可以作为形容词。但要注意二者的区别:现在分词表主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情。如：The party was very exciting.They were very excited at the news.五、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语1不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。如:The train to arrive is from London.He is always the first to come and the
40、 last to leave.2 .名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。如：a washing machine（动名词做定语，=a machine which is used for washing）洗衣机a reading room（动名词做定语，=a room which is used for reading）阅览室3 .现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去分词作定语那么表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词或形 容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定语多置于被修饰词的后面。如：the rising sun（现在分词做定语，=the sun w
41、hich is rising）正在升起的太阳the changing world（现在分词做定语，=the world which is changing）变化中的世界a moving movie感人的电影excited voice激动的声音（形容词性分词作定语）A broken cup 一个破了的杯子（过去分词作定语那么表示被动、或完成）六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语1接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：请求命令与禁止;想要邀请期待鼓励与建议；容许告诫允许提醒和帮助;打算教导说服与强迫驱使。ask/beg sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 ordei7command sb to
42、do sth.命令某人做某事forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事invite sb.to do sth邀请某人做某事expect sb to do sth.期待某人做某encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事advise sb to do sth.建议某人做某事promise sb.to do sth容许某人做某事warn sb to do sth告诫某人做某事allow/permit sb.to do sth允许某人做某事remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事help sb.（to） do
43、sth.帮助某人做某事 mean/intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事teach/train sb to sth教/训I练某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth说服某人去做某事force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事drive sb to do sth.驱使某人做某事动和使役动词， 如 see, watch, hear,feel,notice,observe,look at,listen to, let, have, make, keep, get 等后常 跟不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表动作的整个过程。（被动语态中不能省去to）o如：We
44、noticed him enter the house.The boss made them work twelve hours a day 省略 to 的情况：使役动词和感官动词后:一感二听三让四看feel/hear,listen to/let, make, have/look at, see, watch,noticehad better（not） do sth.最好（不）做Why notAVhy dont you do sth.为什么不做? help sb.（to） do sth.would rather do sth.宁愿做would you please do sth.情态动词/助动
45、词+do.现在分词做补足语分两种情况：形容词性质的现在分词作补足语。如：I find the book very interesting我发现这本书非常有趣。（宾语补足语）The boy is found very annoying.发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。（主语补足语）（2）动词性质的现在分词作补足语:感官动词和使役动词，如see, watch, hear, feel, notice,observe,look at,listen to,let, have make, keep, get等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事。如: I see him passing
46、 by a bank我看见他正经过一家银行。（宾语补足语）He was seen working in the garden有人看见他正在花园里干活。（主语补足语）（3）感官动词see,watch,look at notice,hear listen to,feel+do表示动作的完整性;+doing表示动作的进行性。2 .过去分词（done）做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻 辑主语。假设是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已经完成（即先于谓语作为一个名词使用，称为动名词；作为一个形容词或副词使用，称为现在分词;3) V-ed过去分词一
47、、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语.不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。如：She was surprised to see Jim walk in.看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性在不定式前可以加上in order so as。如：To succeed, one must first of all believe in himselfIn order to keep warm we shut all the windows.(3)不定式表结果，常用在tooto; enough.。结
48、构中。有时不定式前加上only,表示出人意料的结果。如:The child is old enough to dress himself.We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.The husband left his wife never to return.有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。如：I have never seen such a person,to tell you the truthTo cut a long story short we