定语从句14895(9页).doc

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1、-定语从句详解 7 August 2014I. 考点: 关系词的用法; 介词+关系代词; 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句II.关系词基本用法A.关系代词 （在限制性定语从句作宾语可省略）1. 表示人: who在定语从句作主语； whom在定语从句作宾语, 在其前没有介词的情况下也可以用who替换如： Do you know the boy who is sitting under the tree?The girl who(m) you met just now is my sister.The girl to whom you spoke just now is my classmate.

2、2. 表示物: which在定语从句作主语、宾语如： This is the book which you bought yesterday. The car which is over there is mine.3. 表示人/物的. whose 在定语从句作定语+ n= the +n+ of +which/whom 或of which/whom the +n如：The book whose cover (= the cover of which) is red is mine.Her mother refuses to let her marry the fellow whose fami

3、ly is very poor.4. as: the same as（类似的，一样的,但不是同一个）the samethat(同一个) such as; as.as, so.as如： This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.这支钢笔和我昨天丢失的一样。 This is the same pen that I lost yesterday. 这就是我昨天丢失的钢笔 。I want to have such a dictionary as he has. I have never seen as clever a boy as he is .5. that

4、表示人或物, 既可作主语也可作宾语 注意 that 的特殊用法：1) 下列情况常用that a. 先行词为all, anything, nothing, everything, something 如：He told me all /everything that he had seen that day. b. 先行词被形容词的最高级，序数词所修饰 如：This is the best film (that ) I have ever seen. He is the last one that is ready to do the job.c. 先行词被all, much ,no, the

5、only, the very, any, few, little修饰如：This is the only book that can be bought here.d. 先行词既有人又有物 如: Everyone talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. e. who 或which开头的在疑问句中为避免重复如: Who is the girl that always wears a bright skirt? f. 如有两个定语从句，其中的一个关系词已用，则另一个用that 如: Edison built up a f

6、actory which produced things that had never been seen before.g. 当先行词在句中作表语时用that但常可省略 如: She is no longer the girl (that) she was ten years ago.下列情况不用that 先行词为those/anyone/everyone时 如: Those who want to go climbing please sign here.不引导非限制性的定语从句如: The computer, which you bought last week , broke down

7、 again.c.不做介词的宾语如: The school in which you study now is also my mother school.B. 关系副词when , where, why 分别在定语从句作时间状语、地点状语或原因状语如: This is the school which/that/不填 we visited yesterday and where we once studied. Do you still remember the day which /that/不填we spent together and when we studied together.

8、 The reason why/ for which he was late is that his bike broken down on the way.(注意was 后的表语从句解释前面的reason内容不要用because要用that) III. 介词+关系代词 pre + which/whom +句子 此处which/whom不可省略 根据其后句的搭配 1) This is the book _Im interested. 根据先行词 2) He still remembered the day _he met Chairman Jiang.根据句意 3) The rat made

9、a hole _ it could go out. 在介词前可加 all, some, none, half, most, 分数，百分数,数词等。 4) I have many friends, some of whom (=of whom some)are teachers. 5) He has many books, many of which are about cartoon characters.pre + which/whom + to do 此结构必须有介词 如：I want to find a room to live in =I want to find a room in

10、which to live. He wants to make a few good friends to communicate with. (=_)IV. 非限制性定语从句(必须与其前的句子用逗号隔开)1. 除that 外，以上关系词都可引导非限制性定语从句如：1) This is my brother , who joined the army three years ago.2) We entered a hall , where an English speech was being given.3) We will put off the meeting till next wee

11、k, when I may be free2. 在非限制性定语从句，即使关系词作宾语也不能省略。 The book, I bought yesterday, is very interesting.( 改错)3. which, as除指单个单词外，还可引导非限制性的定语从句代替整个句子的内容。a) .as可放在句首，which不能; b) .as有“正如，就像”之意, 如：as we know=as is well known 众所周知，as is often the case 情况常是如此 等; c) 如果定语从句放在主句后，关系词作主语其后的动词是实义动词,则用which，d). as 引

12、导的从句在意义上应与主句保持和谐一致，如果不一致，应用which.如：1) _ we all know, he is very honest.2) He came late again , _ made his teacher angry.3) Tom works hard at his lessons , as is usual with him.V. 分隔式定语从句定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，但有时由于结构或内容方面的原因，定语从句与先行词之间插入了其它成分，从而使定语从句与先行词分开，这样的定语从句叫做分隔式的定语从句。分隔成份常是谓语动词、定语或状语。如：1）A war broke o

13、ut which lasted four years.2) Tom is the only boy among my friends who likes playing soccer.3) The film brought the hours back to me when I was taken good care of in that faraway village.VI. 注意 ：1. 看前后句之间有没有标点符号“，”“;”或有but, and, so等词 如： He has two sons, both of _ are students. He has two sons and bo

14、th of _are students.2. 即使关系词作宾语可以省，也不能出现与先行词重复的代词 如： Please hand me the book I bought it yesterday.(改错) 3. 看句中有无先行词如 1) Is this school the one you visited last week?2) Is this the school which/that/不填 you visited last week? 3) Is this the school where you learned the modern teaching methods? 4. 注意on

15、e of, the only/very one of 如：1) He is one of the students who _ hard.(work) 2) He is the only one of the students who _ hard.(work) 5. what, how不引导定语从句 what相当于定语从句the things which/that 如：This is what(=all that/ all the words that) I want to say. 当the way作先行词在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系词可用in which, that或省略. 比较下列各

16、句：1). This is the way in which/that/ 不填you worked out the problem. 2）. This is the way that/which/不填you thought of to work out the problem. 3). This is the way that/which can be used to work out the problem. VII. 选择题1. a. Is this factory _ you visited last week?b. Is this the factory _ you visited l

17、ast week?c. Is this the factory _ you visited the modern machines? A. where B. that C. the one D. Which2. a. Well never forget the days _we spent together. b. Well never forget the days _ we worked together. A. when B. in which C. that D. Which3. a. He has many books, some of _ are English.b. He has

18、 many books and some of _ are English. A. them B. which C. what D. That4. a. He got lost in the forest, _ made matter worseb. He got lost in the forest and _ made matter worse.c. He got lost in the forest and _ made matter worse was that it was getting dark. A. which B. what C. it D. that5. a. _is w

19、ell known, the earth moves round the sun.b. It is well known to us _the earth moves round the sun.c. _is well known is that the earth moves round the sun. A. As B. Which C. What D. That6. a. This is all _I want to say.b. This is _I want to say. A. what B. whose C. that D. which7. Is this the watch y

20、ou want to _? A. have it repaired B. have repaired C. have it repairing D. have repairing8. a. This is such an interesting story _all the boys like to read.b. This is such an interesting story _all the boys like to read it. A. as B. that C. which D. /9.Water is a liquid, the boiling point _is 100oC.

21、 A. which B. at which C. about which D. of which10.Everyone talked about the teacher and schools _he had visited. A. which B. whom C. that D. who11.He has another discovery, _of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B. which I think is C .I think which is D. which I think12.Who is the

22、girl _ always wears a bright skirt? A. that B. who C. whom D. Which13. a. This is the way _you worked out the problem.b. This is the way _you thought of to work out the problem.c. This is the way _can be used to work out the problem. A. in which B. which C. that D. /高考英语典型陷阱题详解1. The factory was bui

23、lt in a secret place, around _ high mountains.A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由介词+which引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was.请做以下类例题目（1） Yesterday we v

24、isited a modern hospital, around _ some fruit shops.A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are（2） The murder happened in an old building, beside _ the city police station.A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are（3） Next month well move to a new building, next to _ a nice restaurant where we

25、can have Chinese food.A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?A. that B. which C. where D. what【陷阱】容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。【分析】最

26、佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为在附近；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D.

27、 What【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为此处应填一个形式主语。【分析】最佳答案是 B。as 引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。比较下面一题：_ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What此题答案选 A，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that 从句。再比较下面一组题（1） _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A

28、. Which B. As C. That D. It（2） _ is mentioned above that the number of the students in senior school is increasing.A. Which B. As C. That D. It4. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like.A. that B. who C. as D. whom【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such . that .句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通

29、顺。【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such . that . （如此.以至.）结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such . that .，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that.比较下面一题

30、David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like him.A. that B. who C. as D. whom请再做以下试题：It was not such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. like B. that C. which D. as5. The buses, most of _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. that B. it C. them D. which【陷阱】容易误选 C，用 them 代指 t

31、he buses.【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 the buses.类似地：（1） His house, for _ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.A. that B. it C. them D. which（2） Ashdown forest, through _ well be driving, isnt a forest any longer.A. that B. it C. them D. which（3） This I did at nine ocloc

32、k, after _ I sat reading the paper.A. that B. it C. them D. which（4） George, with _ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.A. that B. him C. them D. whom（5） Her sons, both of _ work abroad, will come back home this summer.A. that B. who C. them D. whom（6） I met the fruit-pickers, seve

33、ral of _ were still university students.A. that B. who C. them D. whom6. He had thousands of students, many of _ gained great success in their own field.A. whom B. them C. which D. who【陷阱】容易误选 B，用 them 代指 students.【分析】最佳答案是A，many of whom gained great success in their own field 为非限制性定语从句。假若在many of.

34、的前面加上连词and，则选答案B。比较以下各题：（1） He asked a lot of questions, none of _ was easy to answer.A. which B. them C. what D. that（2） He asked a lot of questions, and none of _ was easy to answer.A. them B. which C. what D. that（3） He told me that he had two girl-friends, neither of _ knew anything about the ot

35、her.A. whom B. them C. which D. who（4） He told me that he had two girl-friends, and neither of _ knew anything about the other.A. them B. whom C. which D. who7. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _ invited to his wedding.A. whom B. them C. which D. who【陷阱】容易误选 A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语

36、从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A.比较：（1） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that（2） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _ were carried out

37、in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that（3） They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _ were carried out in their work.A. which B. them C. what D. that8. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D

38、. that【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】最佳答案是A.与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为 seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：（1） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. th

39、at（2） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _ parents were seated together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that（3） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sitting together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that（4） On Sundays there wer

40、e a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents sat together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that（5） On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _ parents were sitting together joking.A. their B. whose C. which D. that9. If the man is only interested in your looks, _ just sh

41、ows how shallow he is.A. as B. which C. what D. that【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。（1） If you promise to go with us, _ will be OK. A. as B. which C. and it D. that（2） If you want a double room, _ will cost another 15.A. as B. which C. what D.

42、that（3） Whether you go or not, _ is quite all right with me.A. that B. which C. and it D. so（4） When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating.A. as B. which C. what D. that10. She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. which B. when C. how D. w

43、here【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where.【分析】正确答案为A.在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that.比较下面一题She says that shell never forget the time _ she works as a secretary in our company.A. which B. when C. how D. where请再做一组试题

44、（答案均选A）：（1） Our company will move to a tall building _ we bought last month.A. which B. when C. how D. where（2） Our company will move to a tall building _ has just been complete.A. which B. when C. how D. where（3） Our company will move to a tall building _ we worked two years ago.A. where B. when C.

45、 that D. which高考试题1.When I arrived , Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying .(13. II )A. what B. when C. where D. which 2. Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.(13. 北京)A. when B. which C. whose D. where 3. We have launched another man-made satellite , _ is announced in todays newspaper.(13. 天津)A. that B. which C. who D. what4.He may win the competition ,_