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1、 商务英语 汉译英（一）根据英语的表达习惯确定词义1、向.提出索赔lodge a claim against2、既得利益vested interests3、公司上下将齐心协力，努力使公司发展成具有国际竞争力的高科技企业集团。The management together with the rank and our company is determined to make consorted efforts tofoster the business to grow intoa high-tech focused conglomerate witha competitive edge on t
2、he international market.4、本公司本着平等互利、互通有无的原则，积极开展与世界各地老客户的业务往来，并竭诚为各位朋友提供优质服务。We hold to the tenet ofequality ,mutual benefit and mutual complement in developing business connections with old and new customers in the world and shall make every effort to give the best services to our customers.5、本公司还承
3、办商品及原材料的来样、来样加工，补偿贸易，合作生产，合资经营等业务。The business scope of our corporation also covers/includes customer-oriented processing with supplied materials and samples,compensation trade, co-operation in manufacturing and the partnering of joint ventures with external businesses.6、同时，我国政府已同瑞典、罗马尼亚、德国、丹麦、荷兰签订了
4、相互促进和保护投资协定，同加拿大、美国、法国、比利时-卢森堡经济联盟、芬兰、挪威、泰国、意大利、奥地利签订了投资保护协定，还同日本、美国、法国、德国、英国、比利时等国签订了双重征税协定。我国还参加了保护工业产权（包括技术转让）的巴黎公约。Meanwhile, the Chinese Government has signed agreements on mutual promotion and protection of investmentwith Sweden, Romania, Germany, Denmark and the Netherlands,agreement on the p
5、rotection of investmentwith Canada, the USA,Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union(BLEU), Finland, Norway, Thailand, Italy and Austria and double taxation relief treatieswith Japan,the USA, France, Germany, Britain, Belgium and other countries. China is a member of the Paris Convention for the Protection
6、 of Industrial Property(including technology transfer).（二）根据专业来确定词义1、良好的内包装可以其创意设计和适宜的色彩打动消费者。Goodinner packagingmay impress consumers with creative designs and suitable colors.2、不仅仅是各家银行所发生的恐慌性挤兑，还有那如滚雪球般的取消存款，都有可能引发导致金融危机的不良反应。Not only a panicrunon banks, but snowballing deposit cancellation could
7、 trigger an ominous chain reaction leading to a financial crisis.3、 由于不良贷款处置以及股市下挫等负担，所有七大银行集团在其2010年利润报表中，均报告已连续第二个会计年度出现税后亏损。 All seven major banking groups reported after-tax losses for the second consecutive fiscal year in their 2010 earning reports due to the burden of disposing of bad loans an
8、d slumping stock markets.(三） 根据词的搭配关系和上下文来确定词义以一个常见的词为例：吞吐量 既可指“实际已经完成的货物数量”也可指“处理能力，通过能力或物料通过两”等， 表前意的英文有“turnover,operation,volume, traffic”等；表后意的英文有“capacity,designed,normal capacity, handling capacity, throughput”等；有时还可以用“handle， process”等动词进行翻译。1、2001年福州港的货物吞吐量位列全国沿海港口第十一位，集装箱吞吐量位列全国沿海港口第十位。 Th
9、e turnover of Fuzhou port ranked 11th among Chinese coastal ports while its container operation was listed as 10th in the year 2001.2、港口吞吐量两达到14.5亿吨，其中对外贸易货物吞吐量4.26亿吨，近10年来中国的国际集装箱吞吐量两以每年30%左右的速度在增长。 The throughput of pots has come to 1.45 billion tons including 426 million tons of foreign trade car
10、goes. In the past decade, China boasted an annual growth rate of 30% in its port throughput of international containers.3、 目前港口的通过能力和货物吞吐量均已超过亿吨。2004年宁波港货物吞吐量超过2.2亿吨，同比增长22%。 The annual handling capacity and throughput of Ningbo Port have both exceeded 100 million tons. In 2004, the port saw a throu
11、ghput of over 220 million tons, up 22% over the previous year. 再以一个常见的词为例：设有分支机构该词是商务语篇中死亡常见表达，翻译是一定要考虑其所出现的语境。1、 科电工程有限公司在上海、北京、广州、成都、苏州、大连、青岛、西安等主要城市设有分支机构，现因业务发展，诚聘英才。 Electronic Scientific Engineering Ltd.,with offices in Shanghai Beijing, Guangzhou,Chengdu, Suzhou, Dalian and Xian, invites appl
12、ications from qualified individuals for the following positions. 2、 理事会的职权：决定设立办事机构、分支机构、代表机构和实体机构. The council shall have the power to decide on the setting up of the working bodies, branch organizations, representative organs and entity organs.3、 中国银行、中国建设银行、中国工商银行国家外汇管理局、国际信托投资公司以及中国人民保险公司等均在宁波设有
13、分支机构。 The following financial institutions and corporations maintain branches in Ningbo: Bank of China, Construction Bank of China, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, the State Administration of Exchange Control, China International Trust and Investment Corporation and the Peoples Insurance Co
14、mpany of China.4、 中国远东国际招标公司系国务院国有资产监督管理委员会直管企业中国远东贸易总公司的全资子公司，在全国各地设有35个分支机构。 China Far East International Tendering Company, affiliated to the China Far East International Trading Corporation which is directly under the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Coun
15、cil,has 35 branch offices around the country.再看一个常见的词：科技含量 如果指某产品的科技含量高，其所指是技术性能好，可以译为“ enjoy technical superiority”;如果指“产品的技术含量”，也可译为“ technological element of a product”。 在特定语境还有其他翻译方法，如例2和例3.1、 此举将进一步提高公司的科技含量，使公司获得更广阔的市场空间。 This will further enhance the technical strength of the company and win
16、a bigger market for it.2、 坚持开发和保护并重的原则，不断提高工业的科技含量，降低资源消耗，减少环境污染。 We must adhere to the principle of giving equal importance to exploration and protection and gradually improve the scientific content of industries and at the same time, reduce the consumption of resources and pollution of the environ
17、ment.3、 推进节能与绿色建筑的发展是建设事业走科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的新型工业化道路的重要举措。 Developing energy and green buildings is an important measure to promote “ new industrialization” featuring extensive use of state-of-the-art technologies, a well-performing economy, low levels of resource consumption, less
18、 environmental pollution, and a dynamic and productive human resource.练习1、2004年，上海港登上世界第二大货运港口的宝座，集装箱吞吐量位居世界第三。上海港货物、集装箱吞吐量均列全国第一。2004年上海货物吞吐量完成3.79亿吨，首次超过鹿特丹港，成为世界第二大货运港口。世界排名第一的新加坡港2004年货物吞吐量为3.88亿吨，上海港和它的差距仅为0.09亿吨。 In 2004, Shanghai port became the 2nd largest cargo port and the 3rd largest cont
19、ainer port in the world. Additionally, Shanghai Port ranked first nationwide in these two fields. Shanghai Port first surpassed Rotterdam by processing 379 million tons of cargo in 2004 and became the 2nd largest cargo port of the world. Singapore Port,which ranked first worldwide with 388 million t
20、ons of cargo, processed 9 million tons of cargo more than Shanghai Port.2、 在过去的一个财政年度，我们面对艰巨的挑战，但我们仍勇敢的面对这些挑战，以一系列行动为中国航空集团公司及其附属公司的未来成长而努力。 We faced great challenges in the past financial year (fiscal year 美式英语）. Nonetheless, we met these challenges head-on and took a number of actions significant
21、to the future growth of China National Aviation Holding Company and its subsidiaries.3、进入外国市场前，公司对其场频在品牌、商标和包装上都重新打造，以适应本土化需要。Local adaptionsare made to the branding, labeling, and packaging of the companys products before they enter foreign markets.汉英翻译的中式英语（一） 产生的原因及其表现方式1） 中文思维进行英文表达你的身材很美/我工作很忙
22、Your figure is beautiful./ My work is busy.(错误的） You have a fair figure./ I am very busy.2)搭配不当，导致中式英语学习知识To learn knowledgeTo acquire knowledge达到自给自足To achieve self-sufficiencyTo reach self-sufficiency生活水平Standard of lifeQuality of life/living standard严密控制Close controlStrict/ rigid control好票Good ti
23、cketsGood seats强硬政策Strong policyTough policy取得成就Make achievementsAttain achievements掌握机器Master the machineOperate the machine请医生Please/invite a doctorCall a doctor价钱太贵The price is too experience.The price is too high恢复经济Recovery the economyReconstruct the economy打扫房子Sweep the houseClean the house我们赢
24、了你们队We have won your team.We have beaten your team.3) 汉语中的重复不按照英语的方式行文1、 我们应该为所有这些地区拟定正确的发展建设规划。 We should draw up correct development and construction plans for all of these zones.(错误的） We should draw up correct development plans for all of these zones.2、 为了开好本次大会，亚信会议（Conference on Interaction and
25、 Confidence-Building in Asia)中国组委会（The Chinese Organizing Committee)全力以赴做了大量的准备工作。中国政府和上海市政府均对本次大会的筹备给予了大力支持。很多国家政府也为中国筹备本次大会提供了有益的帮助。再次，我谨向所有支持本次大会筹备工作的国家、部门和朋友们表示最衷心的感谢！ The Chinese Organizing Committee of Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building in Asia has gone all out to make preparati
26、ons in order to make the Conference a success. The Central Government and the Shanghai Municipal Government of China have given unfailing support to the preparatory work of the Conference. The government of many countries have provided kind assistant to Chinas preparatory work for the Conference. He
27、re Id like to express my most sincere thanks to all the countries, departments and friends that have given us support to the preparatory work for the Conference.（错误的） The COC has gone all out and done a lot of preparatory work for the 4th CICA Summit to make it a success. Both the Central Government
28、 and the Shanghai Municipal Government of China have given unfailing support to its preparations. The governments of many countries have provided China with kind help in this work . Here I wish to express most sincere thanks to all the countries, departments and friends that given us support in this
29、 regard.4) 汉语修饰语直译成英文1、 我们要继续坚定不移的坚持以经济建设为中心，继续坚定不移的推进改革开放，继续坚定不移的保持社会稳定，继续坚定不移的贯彻执行独立自主的和平外交政策。 We will continue to unswervingiy focus on economic development. We will continue to unswervingly press ahead with reform and opening-up. We will continue to unswervingly maintain social stability. We wil
30、l continue to unswervingly carry out an independent foreign policy of peace.(错误的） We will steadfastly focus on economic development, press ahead with reform and opening-up, maintain social stability and pursue the independent foreign policy of peace.5） 将汉语这种意合语言的行文方式直接移入英文中： 汉语史意合的语言，表现在句子结构之间不需要使用关
31、系非常明确地词语，但其意义仍然清晰可辨，而英语是形合语言，大量使用结构性词语，以体现句子各成分之间的逻辑关系。直接移入，会导致意义不清，逻辑紊乱！1、 外语节目应当在音像制品及封面包装上标明中外文名称。 Foreign language programs should be indicated by name in both Chinese and foreign languages on audio and video products and their cover packing.（错误的） With respect to a program in a foreign language
32、the name in Chinese and in the foreign language should be indicated on the audio and video products and their cover packaging.2、 中国社会主义建设的航船将乘风破浪驶向现代化的光辉彼岸。 The ship of Chinas socialist construction will brave the wind and waves and sail to the glorious destination of modernization.（错误的） China will
33、stride forward in building socialism like a ship braving wind and waves ,towards the glorious destination of modernization.3、20世纪90年代，中国进出口贸易空前活跃。 In 1990s, Chinas imports and exports of goods was most active.（错误的） The 1990s found China most active in the imports and exports of goods.6） 对汉语原文的此类不善于变
34、通1、 至于包装方法，买方通常不做选择，单包装必须牢固，经受得起海运过程中的各种危险。 As for the packing method, normally the buyer does not make the choice, but the packing shall be strong enough to withstand the hazards of ocean transportation.(错误的） The packing method is normally chosen by the seller, but the packing shall be strong enoug
35、h to withstand the hazards of ocean transportation.2、 中国的富强和发展不会对任何国家构成威胁。 The strength, prosperity and development of China will pose no threat to any country. (错误的） A strong, prosperous and developed China will pose no threat to any other countries. (二） 消除中式英语的途径1） 吃透汉语原文的精神实质，从英语读者的角度出发，按照英语的表达习惯
36、对句子进行重组，清晰表达意思 维护世界和平是大有希望的。 To maintain world peace is very hopeful. There are great hopes for the maintenance of world peace. The prospect for world peace is very bright. The prospects for world peace are very encouraging indeed.2） 有意识地记录汉语中某些表达的英文对应表达的译例 新世纪即将到来之际. As the new century approaches,.
37、 On the verge of the new century,. At the dawn of the new century,. At the threshold of the new century,. As the new century is just round the corner,.学生练习1、 由于失业率高，美元币值下降，股票市场处于困境之中，经济问题将是总统所面临的最严峻的考验。 With the increase in unemployment, the devaluation of US dollors and the distress that the stock
38、market encounters, the economy will constitute the most difficult problem for the President.2、 你目睹了中国和世界在本世纪走过的非凡历程。 You have witnessed the sweep of a remarkable century, both in China and abroad.3、 美籍华人独特的文化和.勤奋观念加强了我们社会的凝聚力。 Chinese Americans unique culture and values of. Hard work have strengthen
39、ed the fabric of our society.4、 每个国家都得根据自己的传统寻找发展方案。 Each country has to look for development approaches within its own traditions.5、 我方获悉你方生产纯羊毛衫供出口，由于本地对该类型的产品有稳定的需求，请即寄来价目单、产品目录、以及一些样品，我们收到后立即通知你方。 We have learned that you are producing wool sweaters in pure materials for export. As there is a st
40、eady demand here for goods of this type, please send us your price list, catalog, and some samples. We will inform you immediately after we receive them.6、 有些经济学家说，温和的通货膨胀对一个国家的经济是好的，甚至是必需的；但也有一些经济学家认为，通货膨胀的意义不能过分估计。 Some economists say that mild inflation is good, or even necessary, for a countrys
41、economy; but some others think the significance of inflation should not be overestimated.7、 中基公司（CHINABASE）将在原有基础上以国际市场为导向以发展对外贸易为龙头，以提高经济效益为中心，坚定不移地走国际化、实业化和集团化的道路。 Chinabase will firmly embark on the road to internationalization, industrialization and conglomeration on the basis of international o
42、rientation, putting foreign trade in the lead and improving its economic results.8、 乡镇企业要根据国家的宏观需要和市场需要，在治理整顿期间适当降低发展速度。 During the period of improvement and correction,village and township enterprises should reduce their rate of expansion to comply with the general requirements of the state, as wel
43、l as market demand.9、 如果你方有可能在做紧三个月需要这些产品，建议你方现在下订单，因为价格正在飞涨。 If you are likely to require any of these products during the next three months, we advise your placing the order now as prices are rapidly rising.10、 该协定要求政务透明，要求国内外投资者享有同等待遇，并要求通过国际仲裁解决劳动、环境和其他争端. The treaty requires government transpar
44、ency, equal treatment for domestic and foreign investors, and international mediation of labor,environmental and other disputes.11、 财务报表已经根据美国普遍接受的会计准则编制妥当。 The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United Statesgenerally accepted accounting principles.12、 在本合同执行中引起的或与本合同有关的争议应由
45、双方通过友好协商解决。 Any dispute arising from the execution of, or in connection with the agreement, shall be settled through friendly consultations between the two parties.13、 诸如信息技术和生物技术等快速发展的新行业，在未来将通过运用先进的技术和专门的知识来支撑整个世界的经济。 Growth industries, such as information technology and biotechnology, will sustai
46、n the global economy in the future by utilizing advanced technology and expertise.14、 收到这样的通知时，双方应就是否多这样的侵权行为采取行动进行讨论。 Upon such notification, the parties hereto shall discuss whether or not any action should be taken against such infringement.15、 Due to the rising cost of raw materials we are reluc
47、tantly compelled to raise our price by 3%.由于原材料成本涨价，我方只好被迫提价3&。16、 The activity of “one bargain, one gift”(“buy one and get one free”) for this product will be extended for another ten days. 本产品的“买一送一”活动将延长10日。17、 It would be appreciated if you could quote your best (most favorable)prices of CIF Sha
48、nghai for chairs.请报椅子的最优惠上海到岸价。18、 We assure you of our careful and prompt attention to all your orders.我方向你方保证，会对你放的订单立即予以认真的处理。19、 You may be assured that we shall do our best to execute your order to your satisfaction.请放心， 我方会尽力做好贵方的订单，让贵方满意。20、 The company shall compensate for the boss due to the delay of delivery. 由于货物延期发放，本公司将对贵公司的损失进行赔偿。8 / 8