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1、-1、在林林总总的笔类制品中，毛笔算是中国独有的品类。传统的毛笔不但是古人必备的文房用具，而且在表达中华书法、绘画的特殊韵味上具有与众不同的魅力。hints：毛笔：writing brush魅力：charm书法：calligraphy2、信用卡是银行所创造出来的最便捷同时也是最危险的信用工具。通过信用卡，人们可以先用银行付账的方式购买那些负担不起的物品，同时，银行也将对此征收比一般贷款更高的利率。遗憾的是，信用卡现已成为资本主义体制的重要组成部分，而该体制就得依赖消费的持续增长。hints：信用卡：credit card利率：interest rate资本主义体制：capitalist sys
2、tem消费：consumption3、人们常说，如果你是在北京，有两样事情是你一定要做的，一是爬长城，二是吃北京烤鸭。以前只有宫廷厨房才有，现在全北京、全世界的千万个餐馆都可以吃到传说中的北京烤鸭。北京烤鸭的起源可以追溯到大约600年前的明朝。那时候，来自中国各地的厨师前往都城北京为皇帝下厨。这是一个著名的职业，只有最好的厨师才可以进入宫里的厨房。1911年清朝最终没落，宫里的厨师离开紫禁城在北京开了餐厅，给人民群众带来了北京烤鸭和其他美味。hints：北京烤鸭：PekingRoastDuck紫禁城：theForbiddenCity4、在公元220年开始的300年里，中国分成了三个小王国。一个
3、是魏国，位于中国北部，由曹氏家族统治。还有一个王国叫做蜀汉，位于中国的西南部，由刘备统治。另外一个王国叫做吴国，位于中国的东南部，由孙权统治。中国文化里最伟大的书籍之一三国演义就是关于这段时间的。hints：曹氏家族：theTsaofamily孙权：SunChua三国演义：RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms5、武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居
4、海外的一代武术大师功不可没。老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。hints：武术martial art国际标准舞international standard dance6、中国人饮茶， 注重一个品字。品茶不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、
5、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。hints： 神思遐想：reverie 领略饮茶情趣：take delight in tea-drinking在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶:这个句子较长，译者根据其意思的层次，把它分成了两个完整的句子来翻译，这样就有较大的自由度来遣词造句 择静雅之处：securing a serene space 细啜慢饮：imbibe slowly in small sips 达到美的享受：即享受到饮茶之美。allure这里是名词，意为迷人之处，也可用beauty。 使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界：until yo
6、ur spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm。 利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室：翻译时用了tucked away和nestled，比用built要形象、优美得多。 让人们小憩，意趣盎然:意思是(茶室)是让人们休息、娱乐的迷人场所。7、The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of savoring. Savoring tea is not only a way to discern good tea from
7、 mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinkin
8、g ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring te
9、a. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are e
10、nchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves.8、Chinese garden can be divided into two categories: the imperial and the private. The former is seen most frequently in northern china while more of the later can be found in the south, especiallly in Suzhou, Wuxi and Nanjing.Sma
11、ll and delicate, cleverly laid out and pleasing to the eye, the streams, bridges, rockeries and pavillions of private Chinese garden reveal a natural beauty of their own. Most of the bridges in this garden are stone, including straight, winding and arched bridges. The Straight briges consist of just
12、 one stone slab without any decoration and it is usually level with the riverbank or with the river to make the visitors feel that they are surrounded by the water. The winding bridge has low balustrades. The Jiuqu Zigzag Bridge on west lake is one of them. The arched bridge can be divided into the
13、singlearch and the multiarch varieties. Streams in this gardens do not cover a large area, but setting them well with bridges and islands to yield a uniform effect.Rocks and rockeries are special features of southern Chinese gardens. Stones of grotesque forms are often attractive with underlaid line
14、s and water holes. Some large stones form sceneries of their own while smaller ones are put together to form artificial hills to add to the fantastic attractiveness of the garden. Corridors form another feature of the chinese garden. There are water corridors built along the waterside, flower corrid
15、ors setted among flowers, willow corridors among groves of willow and bamboo corridors among groves of bamboo. For the vositors, these corridors are good travel guides leading to the various views of the big garden.The corridors are decorated by windows of every shape： spuare, round , hexagonal and
16、octagonal. Many of the windows are decorated with very beautiful patterns and designs. Visitors can have excellent view of the garden through the colorful windows. The doors of the garden, like the windows, are also carved in different shapes to bring more vigorness and elegance to the surroundings.
17、Walls of these gardens are usually painted in white. Hidding among the flowers, trees and hills, white walls stand in a sharp contrast to the grey tiles and brown windows. Stolling about these gardens with the treeshadows swaying on the white wall and willowreflections dancing in the ponds, tourists
18、 may then find themselves truely enjoy this peace and relaxation in this paradise from the turmoil of the world.9、武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。/ 为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。/武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的
19、一代武术大师功不可没。/老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。改革开放 30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。/ 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。/ 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不
20、绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。/他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学 。春节期间的娱乐活动多种多样，丰富多彩。耍龙灯和舞狮子是春节期间的传统项目。还有一种至今仍受人欢迎的传统表演活动，叫踩高跷。/现在，随着生活水平的不断提高，人们采用了新的方式庆祝新年。但不管庆祝方式怎么变，春节的精华不会变，那就是为了祈求新年吉祥如意。/家家户户都会打扫的干干净净，门上都会贴上对联，人人都会穿上新衣裳，拿出最精美的食物，团聚在一起，互道吉利，表示祝贺。/最重要的是，春节是一个合家
21、欢聚的日子，出门在外的人总要想方设法在除夕夜到来之前赶回家，吃上一年中最重要的一段饭“团圆饭”。10、原文中国政府高度重视保护环境，认为保护环境关系到国家现代化建设的全局和长远发展，是造福当代、惠及子孙的事业。中国政府将环境保护确立为一项基本国策，在推进经济发展的同时，采取一系列措施加强保护环境。特别是近年来，中国政府坚持预防为主、综合治理、全面推进、重点突破，着力解决危害人民群众健康的突出环境问题；坚持创新体制机制，领先科学进步，强化环境法治，发挥社会各方面的积极性。 经过努力，环境污染和生态破坏加剧的趋势减缓，部分流域污染治理初见成效，部分城市和地区环境质量有所改善，全社会保护环境意识进一
22、步增强。【原文】中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说和学派。这就是有名的诸子百家。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族的传统文化有它的许多珍品，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公，特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情操和吃苦耐劳、勤俭持家、尊师重教的传统美德。所有这些，对家庭、对国家和社会都起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。 【原文】许多专家认为，教学改革的当务之急是要改变现在的课程设置和考试办法，不要让孩子只知道“头悬梁，锥刺股，死读书，读死书”。他们指出，教
23、育改革的关键在于使全社会认识到中、小学教育的目的不只是让学生掌握必要的知识，更应该提高学生整体素质，特别是他们对于人生意义和社会责任这些根本的问题要有比较深入的思考。学校要在这些方面深入研究，选择合适的内容和方式引导和帮助学生形成正确的观点。如果学校只强调知识教育而忽视了人生课程的引导，那么培养出来的只是一批文字或者数字机器，而不是准备进入社会的预备人才。 【原文】太湖明珠无锡，位于江苏省南部，地处美丽富饶的长江三角洲中心地带。这里气候宜人，物产丰富，风景优美，是中国重点风景旅游城市。与万里长城齐名的古京杭大运河纵贯市区，泛舟河上，能领略水乡的民俗风情。 距市区七公里的太湖梅梁景区是太湖风景之
24、精华，碧波万顷，渔帆点点，湖光山色令人陶醉。其中的鼋头渚巨石状如鼋头，远眺烟波浩渺的太湖，被诗人郭沫若誉为“太湖佳绝处”。 【原文】中国是一个发展中国家，人口多，底子薄，农村地区经济不发达。穷困地区较为集中的西部地区公路、铁路等基础设施比较薄弱。这些地区的教育、卫生等基本社会服务水平低，农业生产条件差。中国政府在全国范围内实施的扶贫开发，极大的缓解了贫困现象。 答案：1、China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it
25、 is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups
26、 and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and ot
27、her dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay ones hunger.2、Of the various writing and painting instruments, the writing brush is unique to China. Traditional writing brushes not onlywerean everyday necessity for ancient people of literature in their studie
28、s, but also have the unique charms in expressing the special style of Chinese calligraphy and paintings.3、Credit cards are one of the most convenient devices ever created by the banking system but, at the same time, one of the most dangerous. They allow people to buy things they, otherwise, couldnt
29、afford, with money created by the banks and, charged out at much higher interest rates than normal loans. Unfortunately,credit card have become an essential part of thecapitalist system which only survives on the continued growth inconsumption.4ItisoftensaidthatifyouareinBeijing,thereareessentiallyt
30、wothingsthatyoumustdo:oneistoclimbtheGreatWall,andtheotheristoeatPekingRoastDuck.Onceconfinedtothekitchenofthepalace,thelegendaryPekingRoastDuckisnowservedatthousandsofrestaurantsaroundBeijing,aswellastheworld.TheoriginofthePekingRoastDuckdatesbaketotheMingDynasty,about600yearsago.CooksfromalloverCh
31、inatravelledtothecapitalBeijingtocookfortheEmperor.Itwasaprestigiousoccupationasonlythebestchefscouldenterthepalacekitchens.WiththeeventualfalloftheQingDynastyin1911,courtchefswholefttheForbiddenCitysetuprestaurantsaroundBeijingandbroughtthePekingRoastDuckandotherdeliciousdishestothemassed.5Forthree
32、hundredyearsstartingin220AD,Chinawasdividedintothreesmallerkingdoms.Onethatliesinnorth,wascalledWei,anditwasruledbytheTsaofamily.ThesecondwascalledShuHan,anditwasruledbyLiuBei.Itwasinthesouth-westpartofChina.ThethirdkingdomwascalledWu,anditwasruledbySunChua.Wuwasinthesouth-eastpartofChina.Oneofthegr
33、eatbooksofChineseliterature,RomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,isaboutthistime.6、Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can be traced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture. As we all know, the fine culture of a nation doesn t belong to the nation alone and it will be spread to the rest of
34、 the world and shared by all humanity. Wushu was accepted to join bowling and international standard dance as an Olympic demonstration event. The booming of wushu is attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrant Chinese wushu masters over the years.Martial artists of th
35、e older generations have sown wushu seeds in foreign countries. Weshu, which can be used as self defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soom became popular on new lands. Today sperb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateurs are on the increase with each passing day.The Ch
36、inese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of savoring. Savoring tea is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle
37、 of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits so
38、ar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chi
39、nese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves.7、中国人饮茶， 注重一个品字。品茶不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可
40、以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。注释：1.
41、神思遐想：reverie。2. 领略饮茶情趣：take delight in tea-drinking。3. 在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶:这个句子较长，译者根据其意思的层次，把它分成了两个完整的句子来翻译，这样就有较大的自由度来遣词造句。4. 择静雅之处：securing a serene space。5. 细啜慢饮：imbibe slowly in small sips。6. 达到美的享受：即享受到饮茶之美。allure这里是名词，意为迷人之处，也可用beauty。7. 使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界：until your spirits soar up and up into a sublim
42、e aesthetic realm。8. 利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室：翻译时用了tucked away和nestled，比用built要形象、优美得多。9. 让人们小憩，意趣盎然:意思是(茶室)是让人们休息、娱乐的迷人场所。10. 礼仪之邦:即是一个很讲究礼仪的地方，很重礼节为重复，不译。11. 当有客来访：是凡来了客人的重复，可不译。根据下文的内容，加上before serving tea，使上下衔接贴切自然。12. 征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客：可理解为询问来客他们最喜欢什么茶叶，然后用最合适的茶具给客人敬茶。13. 主人在陪伴客人饮茶时：译为in the cours
43、e of serving tea,与前面before serving tea相呼应。14. 主人在陪伴客人饮茶时水温适宜：这句话较长，译者同样根据其意思的层次，把它分成了两个完整的句子来翻译。15. 随喝随添：and thus the cup is kept filled或者and in this way the cup is kept filled。16. 茶食：意思为点心、小吃。17. 达到调节口味和点心之功效：点心为方言点饥、充饥的意思。8、中国园林可分为御花园和私家花园两类。前者多见于北方，后者则多见于南方，尤以苏州，无锡和南京三地为盛。南方私家花园中的溪、桥、山、亭小巧玲珑，布局精明
44、，尽显其自然美，令人赏心悦目。桥大多为石桥，有直桥，曲桥，拱桥。直桥其实是一块不加装饰的石板，通常与河岸或河水齐高，给人一种临水的感觉。曲桥设有低栏杆，西湖上的九曲桥就属此桥。拱桥可以分为单拱桥和多拱桥两种。园内的小溪虽占地不多，却同小桥与石屿相得益彰，浑然一体。石头与假山是中国南方园林的特色。奇形怪状的石头常带有引人注目的波纹，线条和水孔。硕大的石头可自成一景，而较小石块则堆积成假山，为园林增添无比魅力。走廊是中国园林的另一大特色。有河边的河廊，花丛中的花廊，柳树丛中的柳廊,竹林中的竹廊。对客人来说，这些走廊可谓是优秀导游。在一座大花园里沿走廊而行，可以观赏园内的各处景观。形态各异的窗户点缀
45、在走廊上，有方形，有圆形，有六角形，也有八角形。许多窗户的图案也都装饰的非常美丽。游客可以透过这些艳丽多彩的走廊窗户，将园内的佳景尽收眼底。园林的大门同窗户一样也雕刻成各种形状，给环境带来了生气，增添了雅趣。花园中的墙壁多粉刷成白色。隐秘在花丛，树丛，小山丛中的白墙与灰瓦褐窗形成强烈的反差。白墙上树影婆娑，池塘中柳枝齐舞。在园中徜徉的游客也许能在这世外桃源里真正地享受片刻安宁。9、Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can be traced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chinese traditional cultu
46、re. As we all know, the fine culture of a nation doesn t belong to the nation alone and it will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity./ The Chinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have been working very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese
47、 martial art closer to the Olympic Movement. Wushu was accepted to join bowling and international standard dance as an Olympic demonstration event./ The booming of wushu is attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrant Chinese wushu masters over the years./ Martial artists of the older generations have sown wushu seeds in foreign countries. Weshu, which can be used as self defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soom became popular on new lands. Today sperb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateurs are on the increase with each passi