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1、英语语法定语从句基础知识学习定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名次或代词即现行词。定 语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有：which that who whom、whose关系副词有：when、where why定语从句的引导词既起引导从句的作用，同时又担任从句的主语、宾语、定语(whose)、 和状语，在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略，在非限制性定从中不可省。考点一、由which、that引导的定从，在从句中作主语、宾语，指物The building which/that stands near the river is
2、our school.I lost the book (which/that)you gave me.考点二、由who、whom、that、whose在从句中主语、宾语、定语This is the man who/that helped me.I dont know the man (who/whom/that)you talked with.Nobody wants the house Cwhose roof has fallen in.j the roof of which has fallen in.of which the roof has fallen in.考点三、使用关系副词应注
3、意下列几点：1 .关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+ which结构：when = on (in, at, during.) + which where = in (at, on.) + which why = for whichI was in Beijing on the day when (= on which) he arrived.The office where (= in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (= for which) we did it.2 .当先行词是表时间和表
4、地点的词时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语 时，关系词应该用which或that;缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where,ril never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.ril never forget the days which / that we spent together last summer.His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory which / that
5、makes radio parts.3 . when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。考点四、只用that的情形. 先彳亍i司是彳、定代词 all, (a)little, few, much,none, everything, something, anything, nothing,等 All that can be done has been done.1 .先行词被all, any, no, much, little, few, every等限定词所修饰时。We heard clearly every word that
6、he said.先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.2 .先行词被序数词修饰时The first English novel (that) I read was A Tale of Two Cities.3 .先行词被the only, the very修饰时The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.4 .先行词既有人又有物时Do you know the things and persons that they are talking ab
7、out?5 .当特殊疑问词由who或which引导时，为避免重复，常用that代替who或whichWho is the man that is standing by the door?Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?6 .当先行词在主句中做表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.考点五、“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句.当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只用which或whom ,关系代词不能省略 This is
8、the house in which Shakespeare used to live.In the dark street, there wasnt single person to whom she could turn for help.Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.1 .复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，这种结构常与先行词用逗号分开，定 语从句常用倒装语序He lived in a big house, in 行ont of which stood a
9、big tall tree.2 .介词+which/whom +不定式结构“ in which to live.The poor man has no house in which he can live.U to live in.考点六、关系代词as, which引导定语从句时的区别L As与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子，有时可以互换，但是，当非限制性 定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用as,不能用whichoAs is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.=It is kno
10、wn to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.=What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.3 .当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。如：be known, be said, be reported, be announced等。如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语。She has been absent again, as is expected.
11、Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy.4 . as 常用在 As is often the case; as (it) seems likely, as it often happens, as (it) was pointed out, as (it) was said earlier, as I remember (it),as I understand (it), as (it) appears 等结构中。 Jack has won the first prize, as it often happen.(像往常一样
12、)As is pointed out, this is grammar problem.考点七、定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致one of +复数名词+关系代词+复数动词The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that have draw lots of visitors.1. the （only） one of +复数名词+关系代词+单数动词The Great Wall is the only （one） of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon. 考
13、点八、几种较为复杂的定语从句way后面的定.语从句The way that/ in which/x he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.1. （such +名词+ as像一样的，像之类Lthe same +名词+ as.和同样的He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.（定从）He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him.（结果状从）但先行词被thesame修饰时，that也可引导定从，但意义有所不同。This
14、is the same watch as_I lost.（指同样或同类的）This is the same watch that I lost.（指同一个）英语语法名词性从句基础知识学习Aims：1 .以题近弘拄词的用法为主，以鉴别不同句型及领悟句意为切入点对引导词的选取进行把握, 既注重引导词之间的语法功能差异又注重语意差异。2 .将名词性从句与强调句型、定语从句、状语从句等融合起来训练,提升学生对基本知识的 掌握运用和分析句式结构、辨析各种从句的能力。3 .能辨析运用what和that引导的名词性从句。考点1主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头”重“脚”
15、轻用it作形 式主语，而把从句放在后面。That he was chosen made us very happy.他当选了 使我们很高兴。What caused the accident is a complete mystery.是什么导致了这次事故还完全是一个谜。Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否来还是一个问题。It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。考点2表语从句在句子中充当表语的句子叫表语从句。可接表语从句的连系动词有be, seem
16、, appear, become, turn, get等。注意连词that不能省略，另外要注意as if, as though, because, why等也可以引 导表语从句。如：The problem is who can be sent to replace him.问题是能派谁去顶替他。The reason why he got angry with me is that he got ill that day.注:从属连词because可以引导表语从句，引出的是原因;而why引出的是结果。用because和why填空That he came late is he missed the
17、 early train.He missed the early train. That is he came late.考点3宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，一般放在动词、介词或形容词后。一般来说,引导宾 语从句的that可省略，但在下列情况下不可省略：(1)宾语从句被分割时:We dont doubt, in any case, that he keeps his promise.(2)宾语从句不止一个时，从第二个起:Everyone could see what was happening and that poor Mary was nearly frightened.(3)宾
18、语从句放在介词 except, but, in 之后时:He is a good student except that he is careless. 在宾语从句中，语序要注意是陈述句语序；主句与宾语从句之间时态要相互照应。在考试中常考查(1)用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.他已经表明他是不会屈服的。(2)插入语如do you think / believe / suppose / expect / imagine后接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,疑问词 要放在句首。What do you
19、think is going on outside?你认为外边出 了什么事？(3)否定转移及含有宾语从句复合句的反意疑问句I / we (dont) think / believe / suppose / expect / imagine后接宾语从句时,反意疑问句要与宾语 从句的主语和谓语保持一致。I dont suppose he cares, does he?我看他不在乎，是吗？(4)在宾语从句中，引导词whether和if基本一致，但介词后的宾语从句要用whetheroIt all expends upon whether we can get their cooperation.这得看
20、我们能否得到他们的合作。(5)动词doubt如用于肯定句，其后的宾语从句要用whether / if引导，如用于否定句或疑 问句，则宾语从句要用that引导。I doubt if / whether our football team will win the match.我怀疑我们的足球队能否赢得这场比 赛。I dont doubt that I can defeat him in the contest.我相信我能在比赛中战胜他。(6) that的省略；(7)虚拟语气的应用；考点4同位语从句1 .从句在句子中充当同位语的句子叫同位语从句。能接同位语的名词常见的有belief, fact,
21、idea, doubt, news, conclusion, reason, opinion, possibility, promise, cause, explanation 等。2 .注意区别由that引导的同位语从句和定语从句。Ive heard the news that he told you the other day.(定语从句)Ive heard the news that he visited our factory.( 同位语从句)考点5 what引导的名词性从句what既有引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)，这时what相当 于 all tha
22、t / everything that / the things / that 等。What we cant get seems better than what we have.我们得不至的东西似乎比我们得至U的要好。 This plant grows best in what is now the United States.这种植物在现在的美国生长得最好。考点6引导词who与whoever的区别whoever引导名词性从句时,相当于anyone who或those who,它既是从句的主语或宾语，又是 主句的主语或宾语。而who只作从句的主语或宾语，它引导的从句才是主句的主语或宾语。 W
23、hoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.帮助救落水女孩的人值得表扬。 Who will be elected the president does n9t make much difference to me,谁当选总统对我来说不 怎么重要。考点7引导词what与whatever的区别whatever弓I导名词性从句时，与what差不多，但语气上更强些,相当于anything that,有任何一切”之意。It is generally considered unwise to give a child what
24、ever he or she wants. 一般来说，小孩子要什 么就给什么是不明智的。This is exactly what I want.这正是我耍的。考点 8 whoever 与 no matter who; whatever 与 no matter what 的区另!jwhoever与whatever既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;no matter who与no matter what只能引导让步状语从句。Whoever (= No matter who) you are, you cant pass this way.不管你是谁，你都不能通过这条路。Whoever d
25、id this job must be rewarded.无论谁干了这件工作一定要得到报酬。考点9名词性从句的语序名词性从句一律用陈述语序。No one will be sure what man will look like in a million years.没人知道百万年后人会是什么样子。考点10名词性从句的语气.表示“建议、要求、命令、想法意义的动词，后接that引导的宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动 词要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”,should可省略。Bobs doctor suggests that he (should) rest for a few days.鲍勃的
26、医生建议他休息几天。1 .表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后接that引导的同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”,should可省略。This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible这是我们唯一的要求:尽 快解决这个问题。2 .主语是表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后面是that引导的表语从句时,从句中 的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形:should可省略。Her suggestion was that they (s
27、hould) carry on their conversation in French.她提议她们继续用 法语进行对话。从句专项练习1 . Finally he reached a lonely island was completely cut off from the outside world.2 .you dont like him is none of my business.3 .well go camping depends on it will be fine tomorrow.4 .she comes or not makes no difference.5. Maria
28、has written two novels, both of have been made into television series.6. The question is it is worth doing.7. There is some doubt he will come./ There is no doubt he will come.8. Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen.9. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international lang
29、uage.10. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.11. It is said that the famous football star is not willing to play for would pay him threemillion dollars a year.12. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station you can hire to reach your host family.13. It was about 600 years ago the
30、first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.14. Go and get your coat. Its you left it.15. A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.16. You are saying that everyone should be equal,
31、and this is I disagree.17. -1 drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that you had a few days off?18. 1 remember this used to be a quiet village.19. Do you remember he came? Yes, I do, he came by car.20. It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wantsWhen deeply absorbed in w
32、ork,he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping.21. we cant get comes better than we have.22. A computer can only do you have instructed it to do.23. The air quality in the city,is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.24. It is pretty well understood controls the
33、 flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmospheretoday.25. After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.26. A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago.27. Do you have any idea is actually going on in the class
34、room?28. See the flags on the building? That was we did this morning.29. By 16:30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.30. America was was first called India by Columbus.31. troubles me most is I dont know how to calm the sick old man.33.1 think it is you are working your
35、self too much.34. The reason I plan to go is she will be disappointed I dont.35. Sales director is a position communication ability is just as important as sales.36. Danby left word with my secretary he would call again in the afternoon.37. Do you think is right,they say.38. Ifs known to us there is
36、 pollution, there is harm.39. He made a promise anyone set him free he would make him very rich.40. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from you received gifts?41. It was at the very beginning Mr. Fox made the decision we should send morefirefighters here.1. .1 would appreciate if you cal
37、l back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.43. It is very exciting we are passing the flame（传递火火巨）in Shenzhen.44. What we feel excited is we are passing the flame in Shenzhen now.45. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.46. We are excited about news we are passing
38、 the flame in Shenzhen.47. The news Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.48. The news he told me yesterday is true.49. There is no simple answer,is often the case in science.50. The news he told me is that Mike would go abroad next year.51. The news Mike would go abroad next year is told b
39、y him.52. She expressed the hope_they would come to visit Shanghai again.53. The hope she expressed is they would come to visit Shanghai again.54. The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitorscan watch the bid glasshouses being built.55.1 cant decide dictionar
40、y I should buy.56. Thafs he refused my invitation.57.1 am very interested in he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.58. we need is more time.59. The fact she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.60. and they will meet has not been decided yet.61. The president of
41、the World Bank says he has a passion for China , he remembers starting as early as his childhood.62. Please tell me you are waiting for.63. Is that you are looking for?64. Would you please tell me the nearest post office is?1.1 1 dont know he will agree to the plan or not.66. Many countries are now
42、setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.67. you now see is a painting by Vincent van Gogh.68. California was once a colony of Spain. This is today over 40% of Californians speakSpanish as a first second language.68.1 asked him he would be at work on Friday.69. Everybody wondere
43、d the professor went. They didnt see him for the wholemorning.70. What the doctors really doubt is my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.71. they were in contract with on the day of the robbery is of great interest to the police.1.1 1 didnt know I should believe him or not.1.2 I cant understand is so many housewives are interested in Korean dramas.74 . Choosing the right dictionary depends on you want to use it for.75 .the baby fell from the window is still a mystery.