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1、修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。被修饰的词叫先行词 引导从句的词叫关系词。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 关系词分为关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as 和关系副词：when,where,why关系词通常有三个作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中充当一个成分。Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.如何使用关系词:1.关系代词主语 宾语定语指代人指代物2.关系副词 _,_,_ who that as whom that aswhose
2、which that as which that aswhosewhenwherewhy作状语Have a try指出下列关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.ThemanwhocametoourschoolisMr.Wang.()2.Thegirl(whom)ImetwasLucy.()主语动宾3.Ilikethepersontowhomyoujusttalked.()4.AchildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledTom.()5.Weshallneverforgetthedayswhenwelivedtogether.()介宾状语定语Combine each pai
3、r of sentences using that,which,who,whom,whose The boy is holding a dog.He has golden hair.The boy is Jim.The boy is holding a dog.The boy who has golden hair is holding a dog.The boy who is holding a dog is Jim.The man is Mr.Black.He is shouting for help.The man who is shouting for help is Mr.Black
4、.The man is shouting for help.His house is on fire.The man whose house is on fire is shouting for help.The boy is holding a dog.His hair is golden.The boy whose hair is golden is holding a dog.that和which在指物的情况下一般可以互换,但在下列情况下,只用that不用 which：1先行词被序数词/最高级修饰时This is the first book that he has read.Hambu
5、rg is the most beautiful city that Ive ever seen.2先行词被 the very,the only，the last修饰时This is the very pen that she is looking for.3先行词中既有人又有物He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.4当先行词是不定代词all,one,any,few,little,much,something或被不定代词修饰时 Is there anything that you dont understand
6、?All the books that you need are here.some thing any body no one下列情况下不能用that,只能用which引导非限制性定语从句时Football,which is a very interesting game,isplayedallovertheworld.介词之后（介词后指物用 which,指人用whom）Theperson_IamspeakingjustnowisourEnglishteacher.The prize _he worked so hard was anewbicycle.towhomforwhich定语从句中
7、主谓一致问题 当关系代词在定语从句中做主语时，其后的谓语动词在人称和数方面与先行词保持一致。1Thewatcheswhich_repairedlastweekhavenotbeensentback.2 I,who _a Party member,should work hard for our country.weream注意 Heisoneofthetop studentswhohavegotgoldmedals.Heistheonlyoneofthetopstudentswhohasgotgoldmedals.Heistheoneofthetopstudentswhohasgotgoldm
8、edals.关系代词as的用法当先行词被such、as、so、thesame修饰时，关系词用as1、Suchgirlsasyoumentionedshouldbepraised.2、SheiswearingthesamecoatasIworeyesterday.注意Itssoniceaday_weallwanttohaveawalkalongtheriver.Its so nice a day _ Ill neverforgetallmylife.thatasThisissobigastone_nomancanlift.Thisissobigastone_nomancanliftit.asth
9、atas与which都能引导非限制性定语从句，区别是：as指代整个句子，一般放在句首，也可放在句中，常译为“正如，就像”,有时也可译为“这一点”;which可指代整个句子，也可指代句子的某个部分，必须放在句中，常译为“这/这一点”。Asweallknow,theearthisround.Theearthisround，asweallknow.asisknowntoall，asismentionedabove，Asismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorschoolsisincreasing.Marywaslateforschool,asof
10、tenhappened.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadntexpected.Heboughtanewbook,whichwealllikedverymuch.关系词的省略关系词在定语从句中做宾语时，可以省略。He is a well-educated person(that/whom)we all respected.但在非限制性定语从句中不可省,如：He bought a new book,which we all liked very much.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+
11、关系代词”引出。Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that)wehaveoftentalkedabout.Wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.关系代词前介词的确定1.根据从句中的动词来选择e.g.Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?Heistheman_
12、whomIthinkyoucandepend.2.根据从句中的形容词来选择e.g.Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidiomsabout/ofwhichImnotsure.3、根据先行词判断Therate_whichwildanimalsarebeingdestroyedhasincreased.onat1.Is this the library _ _ you borrow books?2.Can you lend me the book _ _ you talked last night?3.Do you find the pen _ _ I wrote jus
13、t now?from whichabout whichwith whichFill in the blanks with“prep.+which/whom”some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等词+ofInthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.注意这种情况：关系副词 when,where,why也相当于介词+whichIll neve
14、r forget the years _ weworkedtogether.Ill never forget the day _ IjoinedtheParty.Ill never forget the place _ IjoinedtheParty.Illneverforgetthe river_thatbuildingissituated.Thatwasthereason_Iwaslate.inwhich/whenonwhich/wheninwhich/whereonwhich/whereforwhich/why以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导，而且通常可
15、以省略。Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.Idontliketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.关系代词与关系副词的选择用关系代词还是用关系副词来引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分.A.Iknowaplacewherewecanhaveapicnic.Iknowaplacewhich/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulscenery.比较一下：B.Iwillneverforgetthedayswhenwespentourholidaystogether
16、.Iwillneverforgetthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether.C.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisisthereasonthat/whichheexplainedtome.先行词是reason 时，如果后面的定语从句缺宾语，关系词用that/which，如果缺状语则用why分隔式定语从句，即有时定语从句不紧靠着先行词，而是被分隔开：ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeoplewerelookeddownupon.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcantu
17、nderstand.whose=the+n+ofwhich/ofwhichthe+n Helivedinabuildingwhosewindowsfacenorth.=Helivedinabuildingofwhichthewindowsfacenorth.=Helivedinabuildingthewindowsofwhichfacenorth.what不能引导定语从句 Youcanhaveeverything(what)youlike.IwilldoallthatIcantohelpyou.=IwilldowhatIcantohelpyou.对比：1.Theoldmanhasthreeso
18、ns;twoofthemaremanagers.2.Theoldmanhasthreesonsandtwoofthemaremanagers.3.Theoldmanhasthreesons,twoofwhomaremanagers.定语从句与状语从句比较 He left the key_ he had beenanhourbefore.Helefttheplace_helivedformanyyears.where(where引导地点状语从句)where(where引导定语从句，修饰theplace)定语从句与强调结构比较Itisthehouse_Imettheyoungman.It was
19、in the house _Imettheyoungman.where(where引导定语从句，修饰thehouse，where在定语从句中作地点状语)that(本句为强调结构，因为可变为InthehouseImettheyoungman.)英语复合句Itwasat2:00_shebegantostudyFrench.Itis/hasbeen2years_shebegantostudyFrench.Thefarm_weseetodayisnolongertheone_itwas10yearsago.Thefarmthat/whichweseetodayisnolonger_itwas10yea
20、rsago.TheletterIwaslookingforwardto_(reach)meeventually.thatsince that/whichthat reached what改错Hesaidatthemeetingastonishedusall.Tomwonthefirstprizemadehisparentsveryhappy.ItwasinBeijingImethimforthefirsttimeGoandgetyourcoat.Itswhereyouleft.Anyoneislateforclassshouldsaysorrytotheteacher.WhatThat,whi
21、chthatitwhoPleasetellmewhendiscusstheimportantproblem.Keepitinmindyouhavetobehomebytenoclock.Illneverforgetthetimeweworkedonthefarm.Afterthewar,anewschoolwasputupwherehadbeenatemple.tothatwhen where there had been/what had beenHeisafraidofpunished.Sentabroadisagreathonorforme.BeingSunday,Istayathome
22、.Havingtriedmanytimes,buthefailedagain.Havingnotfinishedhishomework,hewasnotallowedtogoout.Beinglostinthought,hewasnearlyhitbyacar.Devotingtohiscareer,hemadeagreatinvention.Facedthedanger,heisbrave.IlikereadingthenovelshavingbeenwrittenbyLunXun.beingBeing sentItNot havingDevotedFacing/Faced with1.I
23、met the lady in the park showed us how to make a cake.A.which B.who C.where D.whom 2.This is the house he lived when he was a child.A.which B.that C.in where D.in which 3.The baby she is is my little brother.A.whom,looking B.who,taking care C.after whom,looking D.whom,looking after 4.The gentleman y
24、ou told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom D.with whom5.This is the only bus goes to the village.A.that B.which C.where D.who6.In the dark street,there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom7.He paid the boy$10 for washing the wind
25、ows,most of _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A.these B.those C.that D.which8.The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.9.Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.10.Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?DDforabouton11.Aft
26、erlivinginParisfor50years,hereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewup.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when12.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthesepeoplethisyear,_forthefirsttimetheirteamwontheWorldCup.A whyB.whileC.whichD.when13Idontliketheway_youlaughather.AthatBonwhichCwhichDas14_weallknow,swimmingisaverygoodsport.AWhichB.Th
27、atC.AsD.Who 15ThisisMr.Smith,_Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.A.whoBwhomC.thatD.xBD16.It is the young man _ looked for_caughtthemurderer.A.thatwhoB.thattheyC.theythatDtheywhich17.Isthisfactory_wevisitedlastyear?A.whereBinwhichC.theoneDatwhich18.The book,the cover _ is broken,isnotmine.A.ofitB
28、forCwhoseDofwhich19.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_Ilivedinthefarm_youvisitedlastweek.A.when,whereB.which,whichC.when,whichD.which,where20.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.theC.thatD.which21YoucanneverimaginewhatgreattroubleIhavehad _ the patient who r
29、eceived a seriouswound.A.treatB.totreatB.CtreatingDtreated22.Myglasses,_Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.A.whichB.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that23.A harvester is a machine _ we harvestcropsoraperson_isharvesting.A.which,whoB.that,thatC.withwhich,whoD./,that24.I have bought the same dress _ s
30、he iswearing.A.asB.thatC.whichD.what25.Chapin,_moneywasnownoproblem,startanewfilmcompanywithhisfriends.A.whoseB.whichC.forwhomD.who26.Please put the letter _ he can easilyfindit.A.inwhichB.whereC.theplacewhereD.intheplace27.Thereason_Iwasawayfromschoolis_Iwasillyesterday.A.that,thatB.why,whyC.why,th
31、atD.that,why28.Antarctic,_ we know very little is covered withthickicealltheyearround.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.aboutwhich29.Shewas_Imetattheparty,_youknew.A.who,whomB.whom,whoC.theone,asD.theone,whose30.-Howdoyoulikethebook?-Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whichC.theonewhatD.theone31.Illte
32、llyou_hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.all32.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,ofcourse,_madetheothersunhappy.A.whichB.whoC.thisD.what33.Pleasetakeanyseat_isfree.A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.that34.Theoldmanhastwosons,_isasoldier.A.oneofwhomB.bothofthemC.allofwhomD.noneofthe
33、m35.Thisistheship_wecrossedthePacific(太平洋).A.bywhichB.bythatC.whereD.inwhich36.NewYorkisfamousforitssky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_hasmorethan100storeys.A.thehigherofthemB.thehighestofwhichC.thehighestofthemD.someofwhich37.Myhomevillageisnolongerthesame_itusedtobe.A.whichB.asC.whereD.when38.IntheofficeIneversee
34、mtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.,_manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.atwhichD.bywhichtime39.Theboy_compositionwonthefirstprizeistheyoungestinthegroup.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which40.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it41.Mr.Wangisaboss,_factoryLiPingworke
35、d.A.inwhoseB.whoseC.inwhomD.ofwhich42.Ishallneverforgettheyears_Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,hasagoodeffectonmylife.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who43._isknowntoall,Chinawillbeanadvancedandpowerfulcountryin20or30yearstime.A.WhatB.ThatC.AsD.It44.Isthisbook_youwanttoborrowfromthelibrary?A.thatB.whichC.theoneD./45.Suchabook_youshowedmeisdifficulttounderstand.A.thatB.whichC.asD.like46.Thisisthestore_wevisitedthefamousshopassistants.A.whereB.thereC.thatD.which