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1、新教材高中英语Book 1(U 4 NATURAL DISASTERS)配套高考精准阅读训练I .阅读理解A（2022 泰安市高三二轮检测）In 2018, I wanted to do something to bring change for people in my community.l carried out research to understand the problems affecting them and found that climate change was the greatest threat.When I realised many people in the
2、 rural areas faced fatal impacts such as landslides, floods and droughts, I decided to stand up.Seeing climate change threaten the availability of food and water in my country was a wake-up call.We are focused and very clear with our demands.We are not afraid of holding governments and corporations
3、accountable for the climate crisis because the science is clear.We will not give up because our future is at stake .We need to demand for climate action as our lives depend on it too, because we do.Farmers in Ontario stood up against a proposed mega quarry （采石场）in their land.They held festivals to d
4、raw attention, they spoke up against corporate mining which threatened their groundwater and soil, they mobilized many people to stop it and in 2012, Highland Company withdrew their plans.I hope to see the end of the fossil fuel industry, and we need renewable energy.We need sustainability in every
5、sector through green building and clean transportation.! hope to see recovery of our ecosystems through planting more trees, having urban forests and protecting wildlife.Our existence depends on that of our ecosystems.I hope to see more recovery projects built in the most affected communities.There
6、are many climate movements all over the world and most have social media accounts.Find a local group that you can work with to demand climate action.When people are united, they cannot be defeated.Earth is our home to protect.Everyone is needed.l.Why did the author take immediate action?ni.语法填空【语篇解读
7、】本文是说明文。过去的几百年间，地球上的许多地方仍有科学家未解之谜。而对于复活岛和史前巨石柱而言，在没有大型起重搬运设备的时期，如何 搬运巨石是科学家的疑问。l.have puzzled/have been pigling 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知， 空处作谓语，句中有in the past centuries,此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响， 或者动作从过去持续到现在而且还可能继续下去，因此应该使用现在完成时或现在完 成进行时。先行词places为复数，故谓语应用复数形式。2 .which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先 行词为these str
8、uctures,且空处在从句中作主语，因此使用which。3 .height 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处作介词in的宾语，因此应使 用名词形式。4 .in 考查介词。be arranged in two circles意为“被安排成两个圈”，in在此处用 来显示某物的形式、形状。5 .weighing 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中有完整的句子成分，故 空处考查非谓语动词，each是weigh动作的发出者，因此应使用weighing,构成独立 主格结构。6 .known 考查非谓语动词。分析句意及句子结构可知，此处考查过去分词作the outer circle的后置定语,表示
9、“被称作。7 .currently 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语，应用副词，因 此填 currentlyo 8 .the 考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，此处表示特指，the island指代上文提及 的 Easte门sland。9 .locations 考查名词的数。空处被形容词different修饰，因此空处使用名词复 数形式。lO.were transported 考查时态语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应该 填谓语，且与主语stones为被动关系，整句表达的是过去发生的事件，因此使用一 般过去时的被动语态。主语the enormous stones为复数，故谓语动词应
10、该用复数形式。A.He wanted to change people in his community.B.He reminded people of valuing food and water.C.He was aware of the danger of the climate change.D.He was interested in the problems in the rural areas.2 .What does the underlined word mobilized in Paragraph 2 mean?A.Forced. B.Forbade.C.Warned. D
11、.Organized.3 .What can we infer from the third paragraph?A.Renewable energy has replaced the fossil fuel.8 .More recovery projects have been built in many communities.C.The fossil fuel industry does harm to our ecosystems.D.The fossil fuel industry doesnt account for our existence.4.What is the purp
12、ose of this text?A.To appeal to people to unite to protect environment.B.To clarify the authors contribution for the community.C.To recommend us a new kind of renewable energy.D.To show the importance of banning the fossil fuel industry.B（2022 昆明市“三诊一模”高考模拟）Bangladesh? s floating gardens, built to g
13、row food during flood seasons, could offer a continuous solution for parts of the world which are likely to suffer from flooding because of climate change, a new study has found.Bangladesh? s floating gardens began hundreds of years ago.The gardens are made from native plants that float in the river
14、s and operate almost like rafts （筏）,rising and falling with the waters.Historically, they were used to continue growing food during rainy seasons when rivers were filled with water.The farmers layer the plants about three feet deep, creating a version of raised-bed gardens that float in the water.Th
15、en, they plant vegetables inside those rafts.As the raft-plants rot away, they release nutrients, which help feed the vegetable plants.But as climate change affected the volume of water in those rivers, the researchers wanted to understand whether Bangladesh? s floating gardens could be a continuous
16、 farming practice.They interviewed farming families and found strong evidence that floating gardens provide stability, both in the amount of food available to feed rural populations and in a farming family s income.They found that farmers typically use hybrid （杂交植物）seeds, which must be repurchased e
17、ach year, to grow a diverse range of vegetables in the floating gardens.The gardens are also sensitive to pests, so farmers end up spending some money on both pesticides and fertilizers.But even with those expenses, they found, benefits outweighed costs.One farmer told the research team that he earn
18、s up to four times as much money from the gardens as from traditional rice fields.However, before gaining profits, farmers often take out high-interest loans （贷款）to cover the investment costs of filling the beds and stocking them with plants.Luckily, there are also lower-interest loans from responsi
19、ble government or non-governmental organizations, which could ease that burden.5.How do vegetable plants grow according to the text?A.By absorbing nutrition from raft-plants.B.By taking shelter from climate change.C.By living together with hybrid seeds.D.By moving up and down with raised beds.6.What
20、 might be a reply from farming families interviewed?A/zOur life becomes tough when rivers flood/B. ”Fewer vegetables are planted when water rises.”C. ”We harvest much more food during rainy seasons/D. ”Climate change has little influence on our income/7 .What does the underlined word “outweighed in
21、paragraph 5 mean?A.Affected. B.Brought.C.Beat. D.Equaled.8 .What can be inferred from the text?A.A solution to climate problems has been found.B.The gardens are built with rotted native plants.C.Farmers earn more from traditional rice fields.D.Low-interest loans lighten the stress of farmers.IL完形填空（
22、2022 武汉市三月质量检测）One day I was driving to the marsh （湿土也）for bird-watching. The weather forecast called for the possibility of fog.As I _1_ the destination, the fog began to _2_. At a turning, I lost 3_ of the car and ran into the wet land.I tried to open the door, but it was locked as the water had _
23、4_ the electrical system. I remembered I had a fire extinguisher （灭火器）. I _5_ it and gave the window a 6 hit. It merely bounced off. I hit it again, with the 7 result.The water level had risen, and soon I was swinging the extinguisher underwater. I had to _8_ for air and down to take as many _9_ as
24、my breath would allow. I was nearly _10_. A part of me just wanted to give up. But then another thought came to mind, “You have 11 more time. What will you do with it? ” m going to try _12_, “ I responded.I 13 swinging the fire extinguisher as hard as I could and suddenly the impact felt different.
25、I _14_ my left hand and felt a hole in the _15_. I knew I was going to live.1 .A.sought B.approached C.chose D.visited2 .A.rise B.lift C.decrease D.disappea3 .A.sightB.track C.touch D.control4 .A.operatedB.settled C.shorted D.developed5 .A.brokeB.grabbed C.hung D.closed6 .A.gentle B.mild C.direct D.
26、sharp7 .A.same B.joyful C.positive D.different8 .A.go out B.go away C.go up D.go over9 .A.fists B.swingsC.cuts D.calls10 .A.delighted B.disappointed C.determined D.desperate11 .A.a littleB.muchC.plenty ofD.far12 .A.weaker B.harder C.better D.worse13 .A.started B.pausedC.continued D.considered14 .A.w
27、aved B.shook C.extended D.took15 .A.car B.doorC.extinguisher D.windowin.语法填空(2022 潍坊市高三联考)There are places on earth that 1. (puzzle) scientists in the past centuries and have been the subject of much discussion around the world.Two of the most fascinating places are Easter Island and Stonehenge.Lyin
28、g in the South Pacific, Easter Island is one of the most isolated places on earth and is famous for the large stone monoliths (独块巨石)that line its coast.Shaped like human heads, these structures, 2.were carved by ancient people, range in 3.(high) from about 5 to 22 meters.Today, about 600 stones rema
29、in.On the opposite side of the world stands Stonehenge.This ancient English site is a collection of large stones arranged 4.two circles, one inside the other.Although only ruins of the original formation exist today, archaeologists believe that the inner circle of bluestones, each 5.(weigh) about 4
30、tons, was built first.The giant stones that form the outer circle, 6.(know) as sarsen (砂岩原砾)stones, weigh as much as 50 tons each!Scientists 7.(current) believe that early Polynesian residents carved 8.island s monolithsbelieved to be some symbolsfrom volcanic rock, and then pulled them to their dif
31、ferent 9. (location).And the enormous stones at Stonehenge 10. (transport) from places around the country.Scientists consider this a remarkable achievement, for heavy lifting equipment used in modern construction was not available at that time.参考答案I .阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者看到气候变化带来的威胁后，决定采取措施并
32、呼吁人们团结起来保护地球。1.答案C 推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可推知，作者立即采取行动是因为 他意识到了气候变化的危险。2.答案 D 词句猜想题。根据画线词所在句中的“They held festivals to draw attention, they spoke up against corporate mining which threatened their groundwater and soilv以及“many people to stop it”可知，他们发动了许多人来阻止采矿。由此 可推知，mobilized应意为“发动，组织”，与D项意思相近。3.答案C 推理判断题。通
33、读第三段尤其是第一句可推知，化石燃料工业对我们 的生态系统会造成破坏。4.答案A 推理判断题。通读全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，这篇文章的目的是 呼吁人们团结起来保护地球。【词汇积累】1 .carry out research 开展研究2 .availability n.有效性，实用性3 .accountable adj.负有责任的4 .withdraw their plan撤回他们的计划5 .renewable adj,可再生的6 .sustainability/sstein3blati/n.持续性B【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。孟加拉国的“漂浮菜园”为世界上因气候变化而 易发生洪水的地区提供可
34、持续的解决方案。文中详细介绍了农民如何制作有机植床、 如何在植床上种植、这种种植方式的优点等。5.答案 A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As the raft-plants rot away, they release nutrients, which help feed the vegetable plants.” 可知，当有机植物筏子腐烂时,它们 会释放营养，这些营养就为菜秧提供了养分，故菜秧是通过吸收植物筏子的营养生长 的。6.答案D 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，漂浮菜园在保证农村人口的食物量和 农民家庭的收入方面都具有稳定性。故被采访的农民家庭的回答可能是D项“气候 变化对我们的收入几
35、乎没影响7.答案 C 词句猜想题。根据第五段中的“But even with those expenses, they found, benefits outweighed costs”可知，即使在有那些开支的情况下，收益还是“超 出”本钱。A项意为“影响”；B项意为“带来”；C项意为“胜过”；D项意为“等于8.答案 D 推理判断题。根据第六段尾句uLuckily, there are also lower-interest loans from responsible government.that burden” 可知，低息贷款减轻了农民的压力。【词汇积累】l.layer vt.把分层堆放
36、2.rot away 腐烂3.practice熟义：n.练习生义：n.通常的做法；惯例4.sensitive adj.敏感的5.interest熟义：n.兴趣生义：n.利息6.cover熟义：v.覆盖生义：v.足够支付II .完形填空【语篇解读】 本文是记叙文。作者表达自己有一天开车去沼泽地观鸟时，车子 失去控制陷进了沼泽地，当作者处在危险的境地时，他经过不断的尝试和努力，成功 摆脱了困境。1.答案 B 根据文章中的 “One day I was driving to the marsh(湿地)for bird-watching.可知，有一天作者开车去沼泽地观鸟。显然，此句的意思是“当我快 到
37、(approached)目的地时”。2.答案 A 根据前面的“The weather forecast called for the possibility of fog”可知， 天气预报说可能有雾。显然要用rise,意思是“雾开始逐渐变大。3.答案D 根据后面的“ran into the wet land”可以判断出，车陷进了沼泽地， 这就暗示作者失去了对车的控制。短语lose control of意为“失去对的控制 4.答案C 此处表示“我试图翻开门，但是门被锁住了，因为水使得电路系统短 路(shorted)”。注意此处short作动词，意思是“使短路5.答案B 根据上文中出现的fire
38、extinguisher(灭火器)可推断，显然作者在这里 是抓起(grabbed)了它，然后给窗户狠狠一击。6.答案D 作者用灭火器对窗户狠狠一击。比照选项gentle ”柔和的，温柔的”， mild ”轻微的，温和的”, direct “直接的，sharp 锋利的,尖的”可以看出，使用 sharp更符合句子的意思。7.答案A 它只是弹开了。作者又打了一下，结果还是一样(same)。8.答案C 根据前面的意思可知，水位上升，很快作者就在水下挥动灭火器。显 然作者被淹没在水下了，他就不得不从水中浮上来(g。up)呼吸空气。9.答案B 根据文章前面的意思，很快作者就在水下挥动灭火器，显然此处要用
39、swings,意思是“摆动，挥动”，表示“只要我的呼吸允许，我必须尽可能多挥动灭 火器。fist拳头，cut伤口，call喊声，均不符合文章的意思。10.答案D 根据上下文可知，作者几乎绝望(desperate)了。而delighted高兴的, disappointed失望的,determined有决心的，均不符合文章的意思。11.答案A 根据语境可知，作者感觉到他只有一点(a little)时间了。而much许多， plenty of大量的，均与文章的意思不符。12.答案B 根据语境可知，作者在这里心里想的一定是要更努力(harder)。而 weaker更虚弱，better更好，worse更糟糕，不符合文章的意思。13.答案C 作者继续(continued)挥动着灭火器。而start开始，pause暂停，consider 认为，均不符合文章的意思。14.答案C 此句的意思是“我伸出(extended)左手，感觉到窗户上有个洞”。15.答案 D 根据第二段中的 “I it and gave the window a hit”可知，此处指的是窗户。【词汇积累】1 .run into陷入，撞上2 .hit n.打击3 .bounce off 反弹