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1、UNIT 2 BRIDGINGCULTURESReading and Thinking & Learning About Language办寞二语言基础I .单词拼写complex adj.复杂的；难懂的；（语法）复合的1. tutorn.（英国大学中的）助教；导师；家庭教师engage vi.参加；参与（活动）vt.吸引（注意力、兴趣）firm n.公司；商行；事务所adj.结实的；牢固的；坚定的insight n.洞察力；眼光2. grasp vt.理解；领会；抓紧recall vt. & vi.记起；回想起3. cite vt.引用；引述II .词汇转换qualify W.&式.（使）具
2、备资格;（使）合格f qualification n.（通过考试或学习课程 取得的）资格；学历f qualified a力.有资格的1. ambition n.追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负f ambitious 力.有野心的;有雄 心的adaptation n.适应；改编本f adapt（使）适应；改编；改写2. comfort n.抚慰；令人感到抚慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸”.抚慰；抚慰discomfort n.不舒服；不适；使人不舒服的事物V.使不舒服f comfortable adj.(3)1 think I am qualified to be a volunteer, please g
3、ive me a chance.(2019-4 国卷) 我认为我有资格成为一个志愿者，请给我一个机会。2 .adaptation n.适应；改编本；改编Although some foreign students live in campus accommodation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help with her adaptation to the new culture.(教材 Pi4) 虽然有些外国学生住在大学宿舍里，但是谢蕾选择跟一个寄宿家庭生活在一起, 他们能帮助她适应新的文化。(l)adapt to
4、适应/适合adapt oneself to 使自己适应adapt.to do.调整以做ad叩 根据改编adapt. for把改写/改编成(3)adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本The educator should guide the students to correctly know about them, gradually perfect them and adapt themselves to the development of the society.教育工作者要引导学生正确认识自己，不断完善自己，使他们适应社会的开展。 The team has carried ou
5、t decades of research on rose species which can adapt to extreme climates.该团队对能够适应极端气候的玫瑰品种进行了数十年的研究。Adapted (adapt) from a well-known painting in the murals of Dunhuang, the ballet tells the story of a nine-colored deer, who saves a Persian merchant from drowning in a river.这部芭蕾舞剧改编自敦煌壁画上的一幅著名画作，讲述
6、了一只九色鹿的故事，它 拯救了一位溺水的波斯商人。K链接写作H补全句子My classmates and I have adapted a story from oua English textbook for a short play recently.Could you give us some advice on how to improve the adaptation? (2020全国卷HI)最近我和我的同学将英语课文上的一个故事改编成了一个短剧。你能给我们一些 建议如何完善这个改编本吗？3 fort诃.抚慰；抚慰.抚慰；令人感到抚慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 “When I miss
7、home, I feel comforted to have a second family, “ Xie Lei said.(教材P14)“当我想家的时候，我为自己又拥有一个家庭而感到抚慰”，谢蕾说。(l)in comfort 舒适地；放松地 be a comfort to 对是抚慰(2)comfort sb for sth 因某事抚慰某人 comfort oneself/sb with sth 以某事来自我抚慰/抚慰某人comfortable adj.舒适的；安逸的After adjusting into a relatively comfortable (comfort) positio
8、n in a small space, he slept for a while to preserve his strength.在一个小地方调整到一个相对舒适的位置后，他睡了一会儿以保持体力。People came to comfort him, but he responded by saying, “Why couldnt this be something fortunate ?” 人们来抚慰他，但他回答说：“为什么这不是一件幸运事呢？ ”But his mother didnt give up and consistently comforted him with loving,
9、encouraging words and tender care for his failure.但他的母亲没有放弃，始终用爱和鼓励的话来抚慰他，对他的失败给予更温柔的 关怀。K链接写作U翻译句子我们应该走出舒适区，尝试新事物。We should walk out of oui comfort zone and try new things.4 .applicant n. 申请人Who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm?(教材 Pi7) 谁将是律师事务所暑期工作的成功申请者？ (l)appl
10、y vi.申请 v.应用；运用；涂Vt.& VI.(对)适用apply(to.)for sth (向)申请某事apply sth to.把某事/某物应用于；把某物敷在上apply to 适用于apply oneself to 专心 致志于(2)application n.应用；运用；申请(书)(3)applied adj.应用的(4)applicable adj.适用的；适合的Apply the cream evenly over the skin.将乳霜均匀地涂抹在皮肤上。He applied for a patent on his invention.他为他的创造申请了专利。The new
11、 technology was applied to farming.这项新技术已应用于农业。 We receive hundreds of job applications each year.我们每年收到数百封求职信。The invention would have a wide range of applications (apply) in industry.这项创造会在工业中得到广泛应用。K 语境串记 I Lily graduated from Harvard University a month ago.She applied to a big company for a post
12、 last week.The interviewer said her application was the best among all the applicants and that she was hired.Lily was very happy and determined to work hard and apply her professional knowledge to her new job.莉莉一个月前从哈佛大学毕业。她上周向一家大公司申请了一个岗位。面试者说 她的申请表是所有应聘者中最棒的，还说她被雇用了。莉莉很高兴，决心努力工 作并把自己的专业知识运用到她的新工作中
13、。R链接写作H同义句转换Knowing that there will be an exhibition of Chinese painting at gallery next month, I am writing to recommend myself as a volunteer.(2019全国卷 I )-Knowing that there will be an exhibition of Chinese painting at gallery next month, I am writing to apply to become a volunteer.5 .presentation
14、 n.报告；陈述；出示；拿出Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions, as well as give presentations.（教材 Pi5）学生需要提出想法、举出例子、应用概念、提出问题以及进行陈述。（l）make/give a presentation 作报告（2）presentvt.颁发；赠送；呈现present sb with sth 赠予某人某物；授予某人（奖项）present sth to sb 向某人提出（观点、计划等）Davids manager
15、 presented him with the award for the best sales in the region.戴维的经理向他颁发了本地区最正确销售奖。The team is presenting its report to the board on Tuesday.该工作组将在周二向董 事会提交报告。6 .engage泣参力口；参与（活动）以吸引（注意力 兴趣）Engaging in British culture has helped, she said.（教材 P15） “ 融入英国文化很 有帮助。”她说。（l）engage sb （as.） 雇佣某人（当）engage o
16、nes attention/interest 吸引 某人的注意力/兴趣engage in/on 从事；参加，参与（2）engaged adj.忙碌的；订了婚的be engaged in sth/doing sth 忙于, 从事（3）engagement n. 婚约；约 会The funds can guide and encourage poor families in the county to engage in the poverty alleviation industries.这些资金可以引导和鼓励县内贫困家庭从事扶贫产业。He is engaged in the developme
17、nt of a new generation of computer.他忙着开发新一代的电脑。They engaged the girl as an interpreter.他们雇佣这个女孩当翻译。K链接写作D补全句子A study shows the students who are engaged i。after-school activities are happier than those who are not.一项研究说明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加的学生更快乐。7.involve v.包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加As well as studying hard, Ive b
18、een involved in social activities.(教材 Pi5) 除了努力学习，我还参加了社交活动。involve sb in.使某人参与；使某人介入be/become/get involved in 涉及； 卷入(DOnline voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it.在线投票变得越来越流行，很多比赛让人们都参与了进来。We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebratio
19、ns.我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。K链接写作U补全句子Children can get a lot out of being involved in volunteer work.通过参加志愿者工作，孩子们能收获很多东西。8.expectation n.期望；预期；期待The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad.(教材 Pn)那个顾问谈到当在国外留学时要保持合理的期待。(l)live up to/meet ones expectations 不 负某人的期望beyond (
20、ones) expectation(s) 出乎(某人的)意料 fall short of ones expectations 不如所望，未到达理想 (2)expect v.预料；期望expect (sb/sth) to do sth 期待某人/物做某事expec t+(that)从句 期望Her performance didnt meet her coachs expectations.她的表现没有到达她教练的期望。I got an A, which was beyond my modest expectations.我得了 A+,这大大出乎我的意料。He expected her to g
21、o (go) with him.他期望她同他一起去。9.sb9s participation in某人参加；某人参与Xie Lei also found many courses included students5 participation in class as part of the final result.(教材 Pi5)谢蕾也发现许多课程把学生的课堂参与作为最终成绩的一局部。(l)participate in 参加；参与participate with sb in sth 与某人一起分担某事(2)participation n.参加；参与participant n. 参与者；参加
22、者k名师提醒participate表示“参加，参与”时，是不及物动词，后面一般跟 in, 构成短语 participate in。表示 “参力口” 的短语还有:join in, take part in, get involved in。More than 10.7 million students have signed up to participate in this years College Entrance Examination, up by 400, 000 from last year.今年的高考报名人数超过了 1070万，比去年增加了 40万。K语境串记DMany citi
23、zens participated in the anti - smoking campaign and most of the participants said their participation was voluntary.许多市民都参加了反对吸烟的运动，大多数参与者说他们的参与是自愿的。R链接写作U同义句转换Those who want to join in the contest are supposed to sign up before May 20.f Those who want to participate in the contest are supposed to
24、sign up before May 20th. 既通关 1. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!（教材Pi4）她第一次写论文时，导师跟她解释说， 如果引用别人的观点就一定要说明，不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的!句中the first
25、 time引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”类似句式还有thelast/next time意为上次/下次 ”除此之外，any time/every time/each time/the moment/the instant/the minute等都可以充当连词，引导时间状语从句。I knew that the next time I saw my nephew, he would be talking and walking.我知道下次再见到我的侄子时，他就会走路会说话了。I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her.我第一次见到她
26、时就觉得她很好，很老实。He didnt tell you anything about it the last time he saw you?上次见至ll你时，他什 么也没告诉你？2. At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.（教材Pi5）刚开始,谢 蕾不知道该说什么，但让她惊讶的是，短短几周后她发现自己可以在课堂上大胆 发言了。“find+宾
27、语+宾语补足语”结构意为“发现某人/某物处于某种状况中”，其中 宾语补足语可以为名词、形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词等。We came home and found him asleep on the sofa.我们回到家，发现他在沙发上睡着了。（表示状态）I suddenly found myself running （run） down the street.我不知不觉地突然在街上跑了起来。（表示主动和正在进行）I found myself surrounded （surround） by a group of children.我发现自己被一群孩子围住了。（表示被动和完成）When
28、 he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in his hand.他回来的时候，我 发现他的手里拿着一束花。（表示处在某种状况）K链接写作）1补全句子While working in the farmyard, I found it very hard to work in the fields under a hot sun.当我在农田里干活的时候，我发现在烈日下干农活是很艰辛的。学教材要点一H熟记重要词语I .写出句中加黑词的词性和含义We had to raise money for our project.”.筹集1. Cloning has
29、raised some peoples objection.”.弓| 起The novel is set in London in the 1960s.加以为背景2. I cant get through, for her line is en-agedad. 线被 占用的. He did much to bridge the gulf between himself and his deskmate.”.消除n.写出以下词块的含义a business qualification 工商管理资格1. learn about global business 了解全球商业set up a busin
30、ess 创业2. campus accommodation 大学宿舍； 校内宿舍stir-fried tomatoes and eggs 西红柿炒鸡蛋3. a cultural messenger 文化使者：;练透常用句型I .分析下面长难句并翻译When I go losthad to ask passersby fo help,When引导的时间状语从句主句but people here speak fast and use words Im not并列连词省略引导词的定语从句familia】 with.K尝试翻译U当我迷路的时候，我不得不向路人寻求帮助，但是这里的人们说话语速太快，而且使
31、用一些我不熟悉的词汇。1. Although some foreign students live in canwus accommodation,Although引导的让步状语从句Xie Lei chose to live with a host family, who can help主句with her adaptation to the new cultuie.who引导的非限制性定语从句K尝试翻译2 虽然有些外国学生住在大学宿舍里，但是谢蕾选择跟一个寄宿家 庭生活在一起，这些人能帮助她适应新的文化。2. At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she s
32、hould sav.主句what引导同位语从句butwhat surprised her was并列连词 what引导的主语从句that she found herself speaking up in class after justthat引导的表语从句 现在分词短语作宾语补足语a few weeks.K尝试翻译U 起初，谢蕾不知道她应该说什么，但是让她感到惊讶的是她发现 自己仅仅在几个星期后就在课堂上大声发言了。n.仿写以下句式It was the first time that she had left China.K尝试仿写2 这是我第一次访问日本。It was the first
33、time that I had visited Japan.1. Its important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.K尝试仿写她竟未谈及此事，这令人惊讶。Its amazing that she should say nothing about it.舒服的；安逸的；自在的f comfortably ado.舒服地;舒适地；安逸地participate 况.参力口; 参与f participation . 参加； 参与5. presentation n.报告；陈述；出示；拿出f
34、present.礼物；目前；现在adj. 现存的；当前的V.展现；显示III.默写短语1. participate in 参加； 参与speak up大声点说；明确表态2. feel at home 舒服自在；不拘束engage in （使）从事；参与3. get involved in 参与；卷入；与有关联adapt to 适应4. be fascinated by. 对着迷act as担任；扮演斛速教材文本课文注解say goodbye to跟说再见board切&式.上（飞机、车、船等）board a plane for someplace登上去往某地的飞机recall /rTkxl/.&
35、加记起；回想起qualification/.kwDlIfleljh/n. KCU （通过考试或学习课程取得的）资格；学历academic/professional qualifications 学 术/专 业资历qualify/kwDlIfaI/.&o，.（使）具备资格；（使）合格yearlong 的.持续一年的a yearlong study of the problem对该问题持续一年的研究K构词法1 yearlong为“名词+形容词”构成的形容词。ambition/aembljhM. KCU 追求的目标；KU2 野心，雄心set up a business 创业set up开办；创立ad
36、apt to适应（to是介词）get used to习惯于；适应（to是介词）passerbyKC过路人；行人K构词法passerby为“名词+介词”构成的复合名词。campus accommodation大学宿舍，校内住宿host family寄宿家庭adaptation/,aedaepteljri/.KuU适应；KCU改编本comforUkAmfat/”.抚慰；抚慰n. HU2抚慰，舒服，安逸；Using.3令人感到 抚慰的人或事物be keen to do sth渴望做某事；热衷于做某事stir-fry翻炒；炒stir-fried tomatoes and eggs 西红柿炒鸡蛋acad
37、emic requirement 学 业要求tutoi7tju:te（r）/儿KCU （英国大学中的）助教；导师；家庭教师acknowledge在此意为“致谢，（公开）感谢“。在正式发表的论文或专著中， 通常都会包含“致谢”（acknowledgement）局部。cite/salt/“引用；引述0）form a wise opinion of one飞own形成某人自己明智的见解 participation/pai.tlslpeljh/n. KUH参加；参与participate/paitlslpelt/yz.参加； 参与participate in.参与 generate ideas 产生想
38、法generate/dsenarelt/rr.产生，弓 I 起raises. K熟词生义U提及，提出raise questions 提出问题presentation/.prezntelJhM. KCD 报告；陈述；介绍give presentations 进行陈述 speak up大声说 boost sb9s confidence增强某人的信心boost/bu:st/.使增长 halfway through在中间；在中途 feel at home舒服自在，不拘束engage/Inelds/L参加；参与（活动）“吸弓1（注意力、兴趣） engage in.参 与as well as用于句首时，后
39、面通常接名词或动词一ing,意为“除之外”。involve/InvDlv/”包含;需要；涉及;影响；（使）参加be involved in.参与； 与有 关联 be fascinated by对着迷 be eager to do sth渴望做某事act as担任；扮演messenger/mesInd30（r）M. KCD 送信人，信使edition/TdIJh/. KCU （报纸、杂志的）一份；（广播、电视节目的）一期；版次； 版本原文呈现“WELCOME, XIE LEI! ”BUSINESS STUDENT BUILDING BRIDGESSix months ago, 19year-ol
40、d Xie Lei said goodbye to1 her family and friends and boarded2 a plane for London.lt was the first time that she had left China K1 % I was very excited but also quite nervous.I didnt know what to expect ? ” Xie Lei recalled3.02 It was the first time that句型中，that引导的从句应用过去完成时。Xie Lei is studying for a
41、 business qualification1 at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long5 exchange programme. I chose the exchange programme because I wanted to learn about global business and improve my English.My ambition，is to set up a business1 in China after eraduation 12% ” she explaine
42、d.K21此处是不定式短语作表语，表示内容。当作主语的名词是ambition, purpose, wish, dream等时，通常用不定式作表语。At first, Xie Lei had to adapt to* life in a different country. You have to get used to9 a whole new life, “ she said. I had to learn how to useoublic transport and how tQLaskfoLihinJLdidnXto2wJhEnlislniamesJQiK31L When I got l
43、ost, I had to ask passersby( for help, but people here speak fast and use words Im not familiar with.I ask them to repeat themselves a lot! ”K33句中的两个“特殊疑问词+不定式”结构并列作learn的宾语；定语从句 I didn9t know the English names for修饰things,关系代词在that定语从句中作宾 语，故省略了。Although some foreign students live in campus accommo
44、dation, Xie Lei chose to live with a host family，who can help with her adaptation to the new culture K4 “When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family, “ Xie Lei said. When theres something I dont know_OLJjndferstand K5H, I can ask them.They are also keen to learn about China.Laura, the
45、 daughter of my host family, wants to study in China in the future.We take turns to cook each evening.They really love my stir-fried tomatoes and eggs! Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it, so I taught her how to cook it, too. ”(4此处是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a host family, who在 从句中作主语。K5D
46、此处是定语从句，修饰先行词something,从句中省略了关系代词that。注： 领先行词是something, everything等不定代词时，引导定语从句的关系代词只能 用that,不能用whichoAnother challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements.The first time that she had to write an essa%JiejutQ /S/X/SZ1/*v*w*v*v*v*S/ZS/S/ZS/SZZ/S/1XZS/w*ZZZZZw*w*ZZw*X/SZS/X/Zvw*#ZwZZv*w*1/N/ZX/S
47、/S/w*w*Z1/iw*SZZSZZ/S/ZZS/ZZSZ1ZX/ZZXZXZSZZZ1/v*w*K/Z*w*v*Zw*/w*ZSZw*w*/v*w*1/v*Zv*Zw*Z*ZZw*ZNZZVZ/ZS/Zwv*ZZZwZX/S/ZX/SZZw*/1/ZS/Z1/SZZS/SZZw*v*Zw*v*/SZN/ZZ1ZXZ1/ZSZ1/1/*w*KZZthought K6H! Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people.Her tutor advised her to read lots of information in order to form a wise opinion of her own .K6这个句子的主干是“her tutor explained that”。句首的The first time是时间 状语，其中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰the first time。主句的谓语动