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1、-第三节：名 词 从 句 的译 法 英语的名词从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。翻译这种从句，可用顺译、倒译、分译、合译、省译等方法处理，这要视具体情况和汉语习惯表达法而定。现分述如下：I主语从句的译法 含主语从句的句型有两种：一种是“主语从句+主句谓语+其他成分”；另一种是“形式主语it+主句谓语+主语从句”。A. 上述第一种句型一般用顺译法1That she survived the earthquake is sheer luck.她在地震中幸免于难纯靠运气。2.Who ever breaks the regulations deserves a fine.违规者应予罚款
2、。3.Which result is correct remains to be studied.哪个结果正确，还有待研究。4.What little she said has left us much to think about.她说的短短几句话很发人深思。 有时这类句子在用顺译法的同时，还需要分译法，将两句译为两个单句。例如：5.That he was in error will scarcely be disputed by his warmest friends.他弄错了，而他那些真诚的朋友对此不会提出质疑。B.翻译第二种句型的句子，除需省译形式主语it外，还需根据汉语的表达习惯，有
3、的用顺译，有的用倒译，有的两者均可，有时主从合译（1）顺译6.It hasnt been made clear when the new expressway is to be opened to traffic.还不清楚新高速公路什么时候通车。7.It occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his notebook with him.他突然想起他忘了带笔记本了。（2）倒译8.It doesnt matter where we are going on holiday.我们去哪儿渡假都没关系。9.Has it been announced
4、when the planes are to take off?飞机什么时候起飞播报了没有？（3）顺译或倒译，两者均可10.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. 众所周知，鲸不是鱼。（顺译） 或：鲸不是鱼，这是众所周知的。（倒译）（4）主从合译11.It is probable that he has got the clue for solving the problem. 他很可能已找到解决这个问题的线索。12.It seems that that datum is quite convincing. 这个数据似乎很有说服
5、力。 在很多情况下，第二类句型的句子在汉语中已有固定译法。例如： It is advisable that 是可能的 It is desirable that 最好是 It is evident that 很明显（或显然） It is noteworthy that 值得注意的是 It is assumed that 假定 It cannot be denied that 无可否认的是 It is preferred that 最好 It is reported that 据报道 It is said that 据说 It can be seen from this that 由此可见 It
6、is well-known that 众所周知 It is a fact that 事实上 It is no wonder that 难怪II.表语从句的译法A翻译表语从句一般用顺译法13.This is what we are firmly against. 这是我们坚决反对的。14.Things are not always as they seem to be. 事物并不总是像表面上看来的那样。15.That is why we decided to put the discussion off. 这就是我们坚决推迟讨论的原因。B有时可将主从句合译16.There is no air a
7、nd water on the moon. Thats why no living things can live there. 月球上没有空气和水。因此生物在月球上不能生存。17.That was how they were defeated. 他们就是这样给打败的。C有时可用倒译18.Raw material is what we are badly in need of.我们急需的是原料。III宾语从句的译法A英语的宾语从句有三种：动词的宾语从句，例19和20；介词的宾语从句，例21；形容词的宾语从句，例22和23。翻译宾语从句一般都用顺译法19.I cant make out what
8、 they are talking about.、我不清楚他们在谈什么。20.She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend that evening.她提醒我晚上要参加一个会议。21.He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made. 他没意识到他的这一发现多么重要。22.You may be sure that he is honest. 你可以相信他是诚实的。23.We are certain that well be able to accomplish the
9、designing in a short period of time.我们肯定能在短期内完成这项设计。C介词宾语从句若位为位于句首，有时根据汉语习惯，采用倒译法24.Did she say anything about how the work was to be done?关于这项工作该怎么做她说了什么没有？D英语中有时用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句末。译成汉语时，应将形式宾语省译，而宾语从句则按汉语表达习惯要么用倒译要么用顺译25.We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.会议取消
10、了，我们都感到遗憾。（倒译）26.The teacher made it clear to the students that they must hand in their compositions by Friday. 老师给学生讲清楚了，必须在星期五以前交作文。（顺译）IV同位语从句的译法A用顺译法将同位语从句译为汉语的独立句，并根据具体情况在前面加冒号、破折号或加“即”等表同位关系的词27Then arose the question where we were to get the materials needed.于是就产生了这样一个问题：我们到哪里去找所需要的材料。1. In J
11、uly 1898, Madame Curie and her husband got a great success that they discovered the radioactive element, polonium.1898年7月，居里夫人和她的丈夫获得了很大的成功他们发现了放射性元素钋。2. The name “volcano” indicates the belief of the ancient Greeks that the burning hills of the Mediterranean were the workshops of divine blacksmith,
12、 Vulcan.“火山”这一名称表明古希腊人的这一信念，即地中海沿岸大燃烧着的上是锻冶之神“伍尔坎”的工场。 3. Can you produce any evidence that he was not at home that night?你能不能提出证据，证明那天夜里他不在家。B用倒译法将同位语从句译为前置修饰语4. There was little probability that they would succeed.他们成功的可能性极小。5. Any proposals that John should be dismissed must be resisted.必须抵制将约翰开除
13、的任何提议。C.用转换法将同位与从句转译为汉语的复合结构作宾语被同位语所说明的名词，即本位语，若是由动词转化或派生而来的名词，如thought, hope, wish, proof, discovery, suggestion等，通常可将这类名词转译为汉语的动词，而将同位语从句转译为作动词宾语的复合结构。6. This thought came to him that maybe he had left his keys in the bedroom.他突然想起他可能把钥匙遗忘在卧室里了。7. Is this not another proof that the so-called dtente is just empty talk?这难道不又一次证明所谓缓和只不过是句空话。8. He gave the order that all the prisoners be set free.他命令释放所有的犯人。下面这样的句子也可作类似处理：9. The story goes that the expedition was a failure.据说这次远征失败了-第 4 页-