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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上名词性从句一 名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句在整个句子中所起的作用相当于一个名词，因而，这四种从句又通称为句词性从句。名词性从句是经常考查的考点之一。二名词性从句的引导词有三种：1从属连词 that , whether ,if that 本身没有意义，在从句中不做任何句子成分。引导单个宾语从句时，that可以省略。但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句与形式宾语it并存的宾语从句时，that都不能省略。如果引导两个或两个以上宾语从句，第一个that可以省略，从第二个宾语从句起向后的从句中的that不能省。例如：1. I dont think （th
2、at）she is coming. (可省) 2. The reason is that he is careless. （不能省） 3. The news that our team won the match inspired us.（不能省） 4. I dont think it necessary that you should read English aloud. （不能省） 5. He told me （that）his father had died and that he had to live alone. （第一个可省，第二个不可省） .从属连词whether 和if W
3、hether 和if 是“是否”的意思，在从句中不担当句子成分。引导宾语从句时（动词后面的宾语从句）二者可以换用，若宾语从句提前只用whether. 但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后的宾语从句，及紧跟or /or not 结构或不定式时，只能用whether.He wants to know whether or not you agree.He doesnt know whether to stay or not.He wondered whether to accept or refuse.It all depends on whether they will do their
4、 best.Whether she will come or not is still a question .The question is whether it is worth doing. None of them can answer the question whether it is worth doing.Whether it is true or not , I cannot tell.注意：if 除引导宾语从句外，还可引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”意思。此时不能用whether 来换。 Whether 除引导名词性从句外，还可引导让步状语从句，表示“是否，不论是否.,不管是
5、还是”。这时不能用if 替换。 Dont worry about her ,whether she is well or ill. Whether my parents agree or not, I will study abroad. 不论父母同意与否，我都要出国留学。 Youll have to attend the ceremony whether you are free or busy.不管你忙不忙，你都要参加这个典礼。 _ sick or well , the old man is always cheerful.A. Either B. No matter C. Even if
6、 D .Whether2 .连接代词who , whom, what , which , whose 及whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever既保留原意，又在从句中担当句子成分。既“谁，什么，哪一个，谁的，无论谁，无论什么，无论哪一个”。Who 是主格，作主语,可以代替whom. whom 是宾格，作宾语。Whoever,作主语，可以代替whoever. whomever作宾语。以上这些词都是“代词”，因此常作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语，不作状语。注意：what 除译成“什么”，在从句中还可译成“所的，所的事物”=the thing(s) that /
7、which. What（pron.） 在从句中，必须做成分，常做主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语This is what they are after.The city is far different from what it was ten years ago.She is no longer what she was five years ago.What is most important in life isnt money. We all agree with him on _ he said. A. whatB. that C. whyD. how特别提醒：名词性从句中的that 不
8、做成分，what 必须做主语、宾语、表语、定语或补足语注意：whatever和whoever，whomever的功能 它们一般可以引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句，并在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。此时，whatever和whoever不含疑问意义。即whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。Whomever=anyone whom例如： 1. These pictures are so special that I would do _ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. whichD. whi
9、chever 2. _ knows the truth will tell you about it. A. Who that B. Whoever C. Whom thatD. That who 3. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it. A. whomever B. whoever C. whateverD. wherever 特别注意：whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 即疑问词+ever 的合成词还可以引导让步状语从句。 此时 whatever=no matter what, wh
10、oever=no matter who , whomever=no matter whom, whichever=no matter which 务必注意这些词引导名词性从句与让步状语从句的区别。 3连接副词when, where ,how ,why既保留原意，又在从句中做状语。三四种名词性从句的各自注意点：1主语从句：（1）作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句做句子主语时主句的谓语常用单数，如： How we can get there in time remains unknown. 但当what引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词的形式应根据句意确定。 What we need is more
11、money. What we need are more experienced teachers. (2)有时为保持句子平衡，常用形式主语it 代替主语从句，而把主语从句置于句末，如： It is reported that another satellite has been sent into space by China. Is it probable that he will raise money for the children who are out of school? How strange it is that the young boy could work out s
12、o many maths problems in a quarter of an hour!特别注意：形式主语it 与强调结构it is/wasthat/who中的it 的区别。_ is a fact _English is being accepted as an international language.A. There, which B. This, that C. That, that D. It, that _ was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. It
13、, that B. until, that C. before , that D. when, which还要注意下列句型的区别： It was the place _ the king was killed . A. where B. which C. that D. this It was at the place _ the king was killed. A. Where B. which C. that D. this It was at midnight_ John returned to NanjingA. when B. which C. that D. on which I
14、t was midnight _ John returned to Nanjing.A. when B. which C. that D. on which2表语从句：在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句，表语从句放在系动词之后。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be ,appear ,look , remain ,seem 等，注意：reason 一词做主语时，须用that 引导表语从句。用it ,this ,that 做主语时，表语从句可用because 或why引导。 The reason why he didnt come to school in time was that he met with
15、an accident. That was why he didnt go to attend the lecture. This was because he fell ill.3.宾语从句：（1）宾语从句中时态的呼应：当主句用现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态，当主句用过去时态时，从句一般用相应的过去时态，但从句表示客观真理或无时间性的事实时仍用一般现在时。I didnt know you were coming until yesterday.He told us that light travels faster than sound. (2)在believe, expect ,su
16、ppose, think 等动词引起的宾语从句中，注意否定前移。和反译问句的构成。I dont think the book is worth reading. I dont suppose he cares, does he ?I dont expect they will have every thing ready directly.(3)在动词insist（坚持）, , order（命令），command (命令), suggest(建议) , advise,（建议）,propose（建议），require（要求，需要）, desire（要求，渴望）, demand（要求）,reque
17、st（要求）等词 后的宾语从句中，不论主句谓语动词用何时态，宾语从句中的动词一律用“（should）+动词原形”。如：She suggested that Robert (should)go to London and try to find a job there. (4)wh-型疑问词除why 以外，都可接不定式短语作宾语，相当于一个宾语从句，如：He explained to me how to drive a car ( how he can drive a car).但 Why +动词原形，why not+动词原形4同位语从句： 同位语从句用以对名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。
18、（1） 同位语从句一般置于下列名词后：belief, doubt ,fact ,hope, idea, promise, information , news, message, , decision , problem ,truth, opinion, order ,suggestion ,report.（2） 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词之后，而是被其它词隔开。如： An idea came to Jane that she would ask Prof. Bob for advice.(3) 由连接词that 引导的同位语从句，在句子结构上与由关系代词that 引导的定语从句
19、有相似之处，应认真区别。同位语从句的that 不做成分，定语从句中的that 做成分，常做主语、宾语、表语、补语，如： Did you hear the news that the Chinese Womens Volley ball Team won the second place in Atlanta?（同位语从句）(此句中的that 不用which) Neither of us showed any interest in the news that /which John told us yesterday.（定语从句） （此句中的that 可用which 来换） I have he
20、ard the news that our volleyball team won.(同位语从句) （此名句中that 不用which）（此句中的win是不及物动词，从句的结构是：主语+谓语，不须要宾语）特别提醒：从句的语气用陈述语气，不用疑问语气。四名词性从句中的what 的用法：1。考查名词从句是由what还是that引导(1)After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how(2)I
21、think Father would like to know _Ive been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note.A. which B. why C. what D. how(3)-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh , thats _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited (4)
22、_fashion differs from country to country man reflect the cultural differences from an aspect.A. What B. That C. This D. Which简析：根据名词性从句结构特点，确定引导词是what还是that.如果从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，通常要用what,如果从句不缺少该类成分且其意义完整、明确，则用that,例如：What caused the accident is still a complete mystery. (主语从句中缺少主语)That he said nothing a
23、t the meeting surprised everyone.（主语从句中不缺少主语和宾语）The town is no longer what it was ten years age. （表语从句中缺少表语）2区分定语从句与what引导的名词性从句。(1) Is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A. he explained B. what he explained C. how he explained D. why he explained（2）A modern city has b
24、een set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. where (3) Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him. A. who B. that C. what D. which简析：分清是定语从句还是名词性从句，可以从外在形式上进行分析，定语从句前有先行词，更重要的要从句子的所传递的真正意义去断定是什么从句。3What名词性从句与定语从句转
25、换可使what意义具体化。(1) Playing tricks on others is _we should never do A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing (2)It is easy to do the repair. _you need is a hammer and some nails.A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything (3)Thats an unpleasant thing to say about your father after_ hes done for
26、you.A. something B. anything C. all D. that (4)The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed.A. as B. which C. what D. that 第1题3题考查先行词为something, all 的定语从句，理解为something(that)/all(that)=what 第4题what 可分解成a speed that ,形成定语从句去理解简析：what 意义较抽象，通常可换成定语从句形式：先行
27、词+关系代词形式，即名词(the one/all)+that,使what意思具体化。例如：The town is no longer what it was ten years ago.(=the one that)After what seemed a long time, he came up again. (=a time that)The police got to what was once an old school that the peasant used as a store. (=a place that)4.What 与whatever的异同（1）Its generall
28、y considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever (2)These wild flowers are so special I would do _ I can to save them.A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever 以上两题whatever可以换成what仍然讲得通，但语气略有不同。简析：what 语气弱，而whatever 词义为“无论什么”，语气较强。二者在引导名词性从句有时可替换。例
29、如：What I do is none of your business. 我做的事情和你没有关系。Whatever I do is none of your business. 我做任何事情都和你无关。I will do what (whatever) I can to help you. 我将尽力（竭尽全力）来帮助你。巩固性练习：1.They lost their way in the forest, and _made matters worse was that night began to fall.A. that B. it C. what D. which2.He always
30、thinks _ he can do more for the people. A. of how B. how C. of that D. of what3.They are teachers and dont realize _ to start and run a company.A. what takes it B. what they take C. what takes them D. what it takes4._ all the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded .A. What, what B. That ,
31、that C. What ,that D. That ,that5._she was invited to the ball made her very happy. A. If B. That C. When D. Because6.Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just _ worries the public.A. why B. which C. that D. what7.The boy dived into the water and after _ seemed to be a long time ,
32、he came up again.A. what B. that D. it D. which8.Before I went downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully _I must say.A. with which B. for what C. with what D. for which9.All finished ,we sat down to enjoy _ we thought the most delicious dinner.A. that B. what C. where D. which10.Actually , gir
33、ls can be _they want to be just like boys ,whether it is a pilot, a nurse, or a general manager. A. who B. which C. whatever D. no matter what11.Its no longer a question now _man can land on the moon.A. that B. which C. whether D. what12.We believe _ you have been devoted to is naturally of great ne
34、cessity.A. what B. that C . when D. why13.I know nothing about her but _shes from Canada. A. what B. when C. that D. why14._proves that my advice is right.A. When it happened B. That has happened C. What has happened D. It will happen that15._ has made China _ she is today?A. What ,that B. That, what C. What, what D. That, that专心-专注-专业