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1、高级英语复习笔记及讲Lesson one: Rock Superstars: What Do They Tell Us about Ourselves and Our Society?1. Rock Superstars 摇滚乐超级明星 rock : rock music , rock n roll ( or : rock and roll )摇滚乐 早期的摇滚乐是源于美国的民歌( folk )爵士乐( jazz )勃鲁斯歌曲(blues)等的一种音乐,其特征是具 有剧烈的节奏 ( rhythm )单纯的旋律 ( melody )一再重复的歌词和音符的后拍音 ( after beat ) 2.
2、 Rock is the music of teenage rebellion .摇滚乐是青少年的反叛音乐 a. teenage adj. pertaining to a teenager ( 13 至 19 岁的 ) 青少年的. 其名词形式为teenager: (13至19岁的青少年). b. rebellion : resistance to or defiance of any authority 造反,反派. 如; a rebellion against old traditions 对旧传统的反叛. 3. By a mans heroes ye shall know him. 你将从
3、一个人崇拜的英雄得知其人. a.这句句子的句型及英语中常说的 judge a man by the company he keeps(以一个人所交的挚友断定其为人)很相像. b. ye = you 用于古英语或诗歌中,是第二人称代词thou的复数. 如: Ye are the salt of the earth .你们是社会的中坚. (出自) 4. Midnight Rambler ramble : walk for pleasure遨游,既可表动词,也可作名词. 如; They rambled through the woods.他们在林中闲逛. 5. . he said, Grabs a
4、half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform, sprinkling its contents over the first rows of sweltering listeners . a. grab : to seize suddenly , eagerly , or roughly ; snatch 急抓,夺取. 如: He jumped up from the table, grabbed his hat and ran out of the door. 他从桌子旁跳了起来,抓起自己的帽子,奔出门去. 另外,gra
5、b后面可以跟其他名词或名词短语. 如: grab a shower快速冲了澡, grab a sandwich,胡乱吃了一个三明治, grab a taxi 赶搭出租车. 有时,还可以作不及物动词. 如: He grabbed at the opportunity of going abroad. 他设法抓住这次出国的时机 b. sprinkle : to scatter drops or particles of water , powder or the like on 洒液体,撒粉末等(于.上). 如: They sprinkled ashes on the icy sidewalk .
6、他们在积水溜滑的人行道上撒了灰. We sprinkle the lawn every day .我们每天给草坪洒水. 以 sprinkling 引导的短语是动词的 - ing 形式做伴随状语. 再如: They stood there , watching the basketball .他们站在那里,观看篮球竞赛. 6. They surge to follow him, eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops. a. surge : to move or swell forward in or like waves 如波涛汹涌而至. A
7、crowd surged out of the theater .观众从剧院里蜂拥而出. b. 以形容词 eager 引导的不定式词组在语法功能上起着并列分句的作用. 7. Some 14,000 screaming fans were crunching up to the front of the stage at Capital Center. a. some : ( before a number ) approximately , about (在数字前)大约. 如: some twenty students大约20个学生. b. scream to make a loud , sh
8、arp cry 尖声大叫. screaming 是动词 scream的 - ing 形式作前置修饰语, screaming fans 意为尖声大叫的歌迷 c. crunch : to proceed with a crushing noise嘎吱嘎吱地往前. 如: The children crunched through the snow .孩子们嘎吱嘎吱地踩着雪走. 8. I ought to be crawling on my knees. a. crawled : to move with the face downward and the boys close to the grou
9、nd爬行. 如; The bus crawled along .公共汽车缓慢地行进. 留意:短语 crawl into the favor of ones superiors表示卑躬屈膝地讨好上司. b. on ones knees : 双膝跪地. 9. How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship? a. feel about : consider , think of 觉得,感到.常常用于疑问句中, 如: How do you feel about the suggestion? 你认为这个建议怎么样? b. adula
10、tion 是adulate的名词形式. adulate : flatter or admire excessively过分赞许,奉承,恭维. 如: One can hardly understand why young people so adulate film stars. 年轻人为什么如此过分赞许影星,真让人费解. 10. Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown , perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies ? a. draw : attracts 吸引. 如: Some m
11、utual interests draw us together .一些共同的爱好把我们吸引到一块了. b. somehow : in some way not specified or known 不知什么原因. 如: Somehow I dont like this novel though it is so popular. 这本小说虽然很流行,但不知什么缘由我却不宠爱它. c. fantasy : imagination , esp. when it is let free and not held back(自由奔放的)想象,梦想,狂想. wildest fantasies ,最为高
12、傲的奇想. 11. These arent idle questions. idle : of no real worth or purpose 无聊的. 如: idle rumor无聊的谎话. 12. Horwitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash. a. see . as . : consider . as .把.看作. b. forum : a meeting place of discussion of matters of public
13、 interest论坛. c. a place 是a sort of debating forum的同位语,后面由 where引导的句子是定语从句,修饰 a place. ideas clash and crash 意为各种思想冲撞. 13. The redefinition, Horowitz says is a task uniquely performed by the young. uniquely performed by the young 是过去分词短语,用于修饰前面的a task. 14. It is they alone who combine invention and e
14、xaggeration. a. it is . who ( that ) 是强调句式. b. lone : ( after a noun or pronoun ) only(在名词或代词后面)仅,只. His name alone was enough to draw a large audience .仅仅他的名字就足以吸引一大批观众. 15. Rock music, he says is really a sociological expression rather than a musical force. rather than : instead of 而不是(确定前者,否认后者.)
15、 比方: He is a poet rather than a novelist .及其说他是小说家,不如说他是诗人. 这里介绍另一个短语or rather,意为 more exactly更为准确地说. 如: late last night , or rather early this morning昨天深夜,更为准确地说,是今日早晨. 16. Its just that Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s. a. 句中的it有 the reason的意思, that = be cause . b
16、. embody : give a definite form to详细表达 如: The statue embodies the sentiment of the sculptor .这尊塑像表现了雕像家的感情. The latest model of the lorry embodies many improvements .卡车的最新式样表达了很多改良的地方. 17. TV network banned him. a. network : a group of radio or television stations linked by wire or microwaves (播送,电视
17、)播送网 b. ban : prohibit , forbid 制止. 如: Students are banned from reading dirty books .制止学生阅读色情书刊. 18. Most of the older viewers frowned, while most of the younger viewers applauded. a. frown: to wrinkle the forehead , such as when one is displeased or in deep thought皱眉. 如:听到我说错了答案,他便皱起了眉头. 短语frown on
18、 ( upon )表示不赞同. 如: He frowned upon my plan .他不赞同我的支配. b. applaud : to clap the hands together in approval or appreciation鼓掌喝彩;赞扬. 如: The audience applauded wildly .观众热情鼓掌. c. 连接词while在这里表示比照, 再如: I like books while my brother loves sports .我宠爱书,而我的兄弟则热衷于体育. 19. The Rolling Stones, arrogant street-fi
19、ghting men, demanded revolution. arrogant : acting as if one were more important than others高傲的;夜郎自大的. 如; He was just too arrogant to his subordinates .他对他的部下太高傲了. 20. Feelings, always a part of any musical statement, were a major subject. 这里always a part of any musical statement 是feelings的同位语. 21.
20、The Beatles showed there were a range of emotions between love and hate. range : a number of different things of the same general sort or type (变动的,可供选择的)范围;幅度. 如: a range of colors to choose from可以选择的一系列颜色; a range of prices from 5 Yuan to 50 Yuan 从5元到50元不等的各种价格. 22. This country element, Horowitz
21、feels, helped its audience express an urge to get away from it all, . urge : an instinctive drive .冲动. 如: I felt an urge to further my studies in Europe .我有一种去欧洲深造的冲动. 23. .these rock musicians mirror feelings. mirror : reflect 反映. 如: The election result reflects their opinions.选举结果反映了他们的观点. 24. . w
22、here its heading? head ( for ) : move toward (朝某一方向)前进. 如: They were heading for the deep jungle for hunting .他们去丛林深处打猎.Lesson Two Four Choices for Young People 1. Jim Binns.wrote me about some of his misgivings. misgiving: worry, concern(常用复数)(对将来之事)疑虑担忧,疑心.如: I like your scheme in principle; my on
23、ly misgiving is that it may require too large a sum of money. 我原则上宠爱你的支配,唯一担忧的是花销可能太大. 2.our generation views the adult world with great skepticism. skepticism: doubt suspicion疑心(看法);疑心主义 be skeptical about:对.持疑心太度;不信任.如: He is skeptical about everything .他对一切事物都抱疑心看法. with a skeptical expression带着疑
24、心的表情。 3. Apparently he speaks for a lot of his contemporaries. contemporary adj.同时代的，当代；n.同时代的人。如： our contemporaries和我们同时代的人 同义词：peer 同等的人，同辈。如：without a peer 无匹敌的 4. The people responsible are, presumably, the adults who. a.responsible:1)(放在名词后面)应负责任的.如:I hold you responsible for the safety of her
25、 family.我就把她家的平安交给你了。2）（放在名词前面）（工作、地为等）责任重的，有责任的。 如：a responsible position 要职。3)(人）牢靠的，可信任的，如：a responsible person有责任心的人。 b. presumably: perhaps或许，推想起来，可能。 5. These conclusions strike me as reasonable .strike sb. +adj.（or n.): 使.感觉（是）。如： At first the idea struck me as stupid.起初,这个办法让我觉得很愚蠢. He strik
26、es me as an honest man .他让我觉得是个诚恳的人. 6. The relevant question for the arriving generation is not whether our society is imperfect (we can take that for granted), but. a. relevant:有关的。 如：relevant information 有关信息.若作表语,后面通常跟由介词to 引导的短语. 如;The judge ruled that the evidence was not relevant to the case.
27、 法官认定证据及本案无关。 b. imperfect : 不完备，由perfect （完备）加否认前缀im-构成。 另如：Permissible-impermissible, possible-impossible, proper-improper, pure impure, Mobile-immobile, mortal-immortals. c. take for granted : 视.为当然。 如: You should not take his help for granted .你不应当认为他的帮助是当然的事。 7. for all is harshness and irratio
28、nality; it is the only world weve got. a. for all . 尽管。 如：For all his learning, he is not wise. 他尽管满腹经纶，处世并不聪慧。 For all his efforts, he didnt succeed. 他还是个正派的人。 b. harsh : 残酷的；无情的；苛刻的。 如：She was very harsh with her servant. 她对用人特别苛刻。 We have to face harsh realities. 我们得面对残酷的现实。 c. rational : 有理性的，通情
29、达理的。 如：Man is a rational thing. 人是有理性的动物。 Do you consider it a rational explanation? 你觉得这种说明合理吗？ irrational : 不理智， ir-为否认前缀。 另如：Irreducible, irregular, irreparable, irreversible. 8. Choosing a strategy to cope with it, then, is. a. strategy : 战略，及之相对的是tactics(战术) b. cope with : to struggle or conten
30、d , esp. . with some degree of success 应付，处理。 如：They proposed several possibilities for coping with the crisis. 他们提出了应付危机的几种可能方案。 He is unable to cope with the duties of her new position. 他不能应付新岗位的职责。 9. So far as I have been able to discover, there are four basic alternatives. a. so far as : =as fa
31、r as , to the extent that 就.而言，从.来看。 如：His conduct, so far as I can see, is unjustifiable. 就我看来，他凭一已之力将不行能完成这样宏大的工程。 b. alternative : one of more than two possibilities 数种可能之一，可代替的。 如：There is alternative answer to this question. 这个问题有几种可能的答案。 An alternative plan is to apply for a loan. 另一种可能的方案就是申请
32、贷款。 10. Drop Out drop out : to withdraw from 退出。 如：He has decided to drop out of politics. 他已经确定退出政坛。 Seven students dropped out of university last year. 去年有七个学生被退了学。 11. This is one of the oldest expedient .=expedient: a temporary means to an end 权宜之计 如：resort to an expedient 实行权宜之计 12. In one way
33、or another, its practitioners batten on the society which. a. (in) one way or another: 以这样或那样的方式；在某方面。 如：The project must be completed by the end of this month (in) one way or another. 不管用什么方式，这个工程必需在这个月底完毕。 b. batten on : thrive , or prosper , or live in luxury (on) (esp. at the expense of others)
34、(靠别人牺牲而） 兴盛，过奢侈的生活，（损人）肥饱私囊 13. some of us find this distasteful -an undignified kind of life. distasteful : disagreeable ; unpleasant 厌烦的，令人不开心的。 如：Jazz is distasteful to me. 我厌烦爵士乐。（爵士乐不合我的口味） 14. But for the poor in spirit, with low levels of both energy and pride, it may be the least intolerable
35、 choice available. Availed: ready for use; readily obtainable a. （马上）可利用的；可得到的。 如：employ all means available 采纳一切可能的方法。 The dress is available in all sizes. 这种款式的服装大小尺寸都有。 b. （人）有空的。 如：Ill be available tomorrow morning. 我明天早上有空。 15. This strategy has ancient antecedents. Antecedent: preceding thing
36、or circumstance, esp. (pl.) past history of a person 前事，前情； （复数）身世，经验，人的过去历史。 如; a woman of shady antecedent 一个来历可疑的女人 16. . that is, the city, with all its ugliness and tension. tension : mental strain 惊慌。 如：under extreme tension 处于极度惊慌/（复数-s）惊慌（状态）。 如：the tension between labor and management 劳资间关系
37、的惊慌 17. The trouble with the solution is that it no longer is on a large scale. on a large scale : 大规模。 另如：on a tremendous scale 极大的规模。 The project was undertaken on a grand scale. 这个工程规模很大。 The reform is carried out on an enormous scale. 改革的幅度极大。 18. Out planet, unfortunately, is running out of nob
38、le savages and unsullied landscapes. run out of : become short of , become exhausted 用完。 如; We ran out of petrol the other day. 那一天我们汽油用光了。 We are running out of time. 我们已经没有时间了。 19. Plot a Revolution plot : plan secretly 密谋。 如：They plotted how to kill him. 他们密谋如何杀死他。 The criminals were plotting to
39、rob the bank. 犯罪密谋抢银行。 20. . those who have no patience with the tedious workings of the democratic process and who believe that the institution can only be changed by force. a. tedious : long and tiresome 冗长乏味的。 如：a tedious lecture 冗长的演讲；tedious work 乏味的工作 b. working(s) : action , operation 工作，运作。
40、如：the workings of the mind , the workings of the nature 自然的运作 21. To them it offers a romantic appeal, usually symbolized by some dashing and charismatic figure. a. a romantic appeal : appeal n. : the power to attract the mind or emotions 吸引力。 如：Such life has no appeal for me. 这种生活对我没有吸引力。 That sort
41、 of music has lost its appeal for me. 这种音乐已经失去了对我的吸引力。 v. appeal to : 吸引。 如：Does the menu appeal to me? 菜单吸引我了吗？ The novel appeals to women. 这本小说吸引女性读者。 b. dashing : vigorously lovely ; brilliant or showy 精力足够的；华美的 c. charismatic 名词形式为charisma （使群众信服的）领袖魅力 22. Lets smash it and build something bette
42、r on the ruins. on the ruins : the remains of destroyed or decaying or town 废墟，遗迹，残骸。 如：the ruins of a castle 一座城堡的废墟 23. These are the ones whose revolution did not come off. come off : happen , occur 发生。 如：The invasion came off last week. 入侵是上星期发生的。 To be effective or successful 生效，胜利。 如：She didnt
43、 come off well in the interview. 她的面试不很胜利。 24. I am not, of course, suggesting that revolutions accomplish nothing. accomplish : bring to a successful conclusion ; achievement 完成。 如：accomplish something / a great deal / miracles 实现某种目的/获得很大成就/实现奇迹 accomplish : skilled , expert 娴熟的，内行的。 如：an accompli
44、sh golf player 技术精湛的高尔夫运发动 accomplishment (s) 修养，才艺。 如： a woman of many accomplishment 多才多艺的女人 25. For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of , cleansed of all human meanness . cleanse : make clean 清洗。 如：She cleansed the wound with alcohol .她用酒精清洗伤口。 cleanse s
45、in from the soul = cleanse the soul of sin 清洗灵魂的罪恶 26. At first glance, this course is far from inviting. inviting : temptingly attractive 迷人的。 如：an inviting smile 迷人的微笑/an inviting dish 迷人的菜肴 27. It depends on the exasperating and uncertain instruments of persuasion. exasperate : annoy extremely 令人
46、怒不行遏 如：Constant interruptions exasperate me. 不断的中断让我怒火中烧。 28. It demands patience, always in short supply. (be) in short supply : 供给缺乏，短缺。 如：Food is in short supply .食物供给缺乏。 Honesty is in short supply. 缺乏诚恳（的人）。 29. . as soon as you capture one mountain range, another one looms just ahead. loom : co
47、me into view in indistinct and enlarged form 忽隐忽现。 如：The iceberg loomed out of the mist .冰山在迷雾中忽隐忽现。 Dangers are looming ahead. 危急阴森森地靠近。 30. . of coping with war in unfamiliar guises. guise : a false or assumed appearance or disguise 外貌，假装。 如：an old idea in a new guise 老观念新相貌（新瓶装旧酒） in the guise of 装扮成.的样子。 如：the king in the guise of a beggar 装扮成乞丐的国王 under the guise of 以.为借口。 如：under the guise of friendship 以友情为幌子 31. It dawned