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1、Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that ha
2、ppiness might influence 1 firms work, too.Companies located in place with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R&D(research and development).Thats because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investm
3、ent for the future.The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested. So they compared U.S. cities average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas.7 enough, fi
4、rms investment and R&D intensity were correlated with the happiness of the area in which they were 8. But it is really happiness thats linked to investment, or could something else about happier cities 9 why firms there spend more on R&D? To find out, the researches controlled for various 10 that mi
5、ght make firms more likely to invest like size, industry , and sales-and-and for indicators that a place was 11 to live in, like growth in wages or population. They link between happiness and investment generally 12 even after accounting for these things.The correlation between happiness and investm
6、ent was particularly strong for younger firms, which the authors 13 to less confined decision making process and the possible presence of younger and less 14 managers who are more likely to be influenced by sentiment. The relationship was 15 stronger in places where happiness was spread more 16. Fir
7、ms seem to invest more in places.17 this doesnt prove that happiness causes firms to invest more or to take a longer-term view, the authors believe it at least 18 at that possibility. Its not hard to imagine that local culture and sentiment would help 19 how executives think about the future. It sur
8、ely seems plausible that happy people would be more forward -thinking and creative and 20 R&D more than the average, said one researcher.1. A whyB whereC howD when2. A In returnB In particularC In contrastD In conclusion3. A sufficientB famousC perfectD necessary4. A individualismB modernismC optimi
9、smD realism5. A echoB missC spoilD change6. A imaginedB measuredC inventedD assumed7. A sureB oddC unfortunateD often8. A advertisedB dividedC overtaxedD headquartered9. A explainB overstateC summarizeD emphasize10. A stagesB factorsC levelsD methods11. A desirableB sociableC reputableD reliable12.
10、A resumedB heldC emergedD broke13. A attributeB assignC transferD compare14. A seriousB civilizedC ambitiousD experienced15. A thusB insteadC alsoD never16. A rapidlyB regularlyC directlyD equally17. A AfterB UntilC WhileD Since18. A arrivesB jumpsC hintsD strikes19. A shapeB rediscoverC simplifyD s
11、hare20. A pray for B lean towardsC give awayD send actSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Its true that high-school coding classes arent
12、essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer sci
13、ence, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using
14、code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classe
15、s are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum,
16、but we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in, said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Pro
17、gramming languages have a quick turnover, so the Ruby on Rails language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and organize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an
18、education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the
19、rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that -the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to _A. complete future job trainingB
20、. remodel the way of thinkingC. formulate logical hypothesesD. perfect artwork production22.In delivering lessons for high - schoolers , Flatiron has considered their_A. experienceB. interestC. career prospectsD. academic backgrounds23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron wil
21、l _A . help students learn other computer languagesB .have to be upgraded when new technologies comeC .need improving when students look for jobsD. enable students to make big quick money24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to _A. bring forth innovative computer technol
22、ogiesB. stay longer in the information technology industryC. become better prepared for the digitalized worldD. compete with a future army of programmers25.The word coax(Line4,Para.6) is closest in meaning to _A. persuadeB. frightenC. misguideD. challengeText 2Biologists estimate that as many as 2 m
23、illion lesser prairie chickens-a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands-once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S. F
24、ish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)decided to formally list the bird as threatened .The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation ,said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as endangered, a status that
25、gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats .But Ashe and others argued that the threatened tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaboration
26、s with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action. and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chickens habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or d
27、isturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new
28、acres of suitable habitat .The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat , USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years .And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agenci
29、es (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let states remain in the driver s seat for managing the species, Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry grou
30、ps, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, doesnt go far enough. The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction, says biologist Jay Lininger.26.The major reason
31、 for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is_.Aits drastically decreased populationBthe underestimate of the grassland acreageCa desperate appeal from some biologistsDthe insistence of private landowners27.The threatened tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_.Awas a give-in to gover
32、nmental pressureBwould involve fewer agencies in actionCgranted less federal regulatory powerDwent against conservation policies28.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_.Aagree to pay a sum for compensationBvolunteer to set up an equally big h
33、abitatCoffer to support the WAFWA monitoring jobDpromise to raise funds for USFWS operations29.According to Ashe, the leading role in managing the species in_.Athe federal governmentBthe wildlife agenciesCthe landownersDthe states30.Jay Lininger would most likely support_.Aindustry groupsBthe win-wi
34、n rhetoricCenvironmental groupsDthe plan under challengeText 3That everyones too busy these days is a clich. But one specific complaint is made especially mournfully: Theres never any time to read.What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient. The
35、webs full of articles offering tips on making time to read: Give up TV or Carry a book with you at all times. But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesnt work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning-or else youre so exhausted that
36、a challenging books the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, is overwhelmingly inclined toward communicationIt is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption. Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kin
37、d of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, becoming more efficient is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some g
38、oal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. The future comes at us like empty bottles along an
39、unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt, writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them. No mind-set could be worse for losing yourse
40、lf in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us step outside times flow into soul time. You could limit distractions by reading only physical
41、 books, or on single-purpose e-readers. Carry a book with you at all times can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer fe
42、els as if youre making time to read, but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques dont work because .A what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC what people often forget is carrying a book
43、 with themD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The empty bottles metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to .A update their to-do listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plans throughD pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps .A encourage the efficiency mind-setB develop o