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1、-Unit 12 what did you do last weekend? Section A 知识讲解一 . last(1)last形容词 “最后的,最末的”或者“紧接前面的,刚过去的”。Today is the last day in the year.最后一天。I didnt sleep well last night. 昨晚(2)last副词, “最后地”, Im the last one.最后一个。(3)last 动词, “持续,继续,维持”等,The hot weather lasted a week.持续了一周。二. camp (1)camp 动词, “扎营,搭帐篷”。 We
2、go camping every summer. We walked all day and camped by a river at night. (2)camp 名词, “露营地,度假营”。 Lets go back to the camp, its getting dark. 让我们回营地吧,天黑下来了。根据汉语提示填空。(1)Whendidyoujointhe_(夏令营)?(2)Ilike_(去宿营)intheopenair.3)We_(宿营)intheforestlastnight.(4)Letsgobacktothe_(营地) 三. sheep sheep 可数名词, “绵羊”,复
3、数还是sheep; goat指山羊。 How many sheep are there on your farm? 你们农场里有多少只羊? 拓展:常见的单复数同形的名词还有: deer (鹿), fish (鱼), Chinese (中国人), Japanese(日本人)等。四. by by介词, “在旁边”,相当于beside。 Our teacher is sitting by the window.by与交通工具名词连用时,名词前不用冠词,意为“乘、坐、用”等。 I went there by bike. 五. “work as + 职业” 意为“做某工作”。 埃里克在那家俱乐部里做音乐
4、老师的工作。 Eric works as a music teacher in the club. as 实际上是. like实际上不是.He talks to me as a teacher. 他以老师的身份跟我谈话。He talks to me like my teacher. 他像我的老师那样跟我谈话。 六. How interesting!(1)what引导的感叹句: 1)What a(an)形容词C单数形式主语谓语! What a clever boy he is!多么聪明的小男孩啊! 2)What形容词C复数形式主语谓语! What interesting books the ch
5、ildren are reading! 孩子们读的书多么有趣啊! 3)What形容词不可数名词主语谓语! What cold weather it is! 多冷的天!(2)how引导的感叹句: 1)How形容词或副词主语谓语! How lovely the baby is! 这孩子真可爱!(lovely为形容词)How fast he runs! 他跑地多快啊!(fast为副词)2) How形容词a(an)可数名词的单数形式主语谓语! How heavy a box they are carrying! 他们抬的箱子多重啊! 3)How主语谓语! How time flies! 时间过得多快!
6、七 . stay up “熬夜;深夜不眠” 。 不要熬夜 Dont _late. Its bad for your health. stay up late to do sth. 熬夜做某事 咱们别睡觉,迎接新年的到来吧。 Lets _to see the New Year.八. mouse “老鼠”,复数 “mice”。 They saw two mice.九. language “语言”,可数名词。 English, Chinese and French are three different _. 十. shout at 大声喊叫;后面要跟人或事物 Dont _the children.
7、不要朝孩子们大声喊叫。 shoutatsb. 多指因为生气等而非善意地对某人吼叫,shouttosb.冲某人大声喊叫。多指因距离远而不得不大声叫喊。Hewassoangrythatheshouted_everyone. 十一. visit v. visitor n. visit +sb.看望某人 visit +sp.游览/参观某地 (1) He is an English_. (2) I _my aunt last weekend.十二away的用法:away副词, “远离;离开;消失”,常用短语有:faraway(远离),goaway(走开),runaway(跑开,逃跑),rightaway
8、(立刻,马上),awayfrom(距多远)。根据汉语提示填空。1.Tom,_(远离)fromhere,please.2.Itsonly3kilometers_(距远)here.3.Thegiraffe_(跑开)atoncewhenhesawthetiger.4.Hephonedhismother_(马上).Section B 知识讲解一. ago一段时间 + ago意为“多长时间之前”,它常与一般过去时态连用。 We visited the Natural History Museum three days ago. 【辨析】before 意为“在之前”, 一般不用于一般过去时,常为 befo
9、re+时间点,ago不具有这一功能。They will come bafore six oclock 二. put up1. put up “搭建,搭起”,在口语中set up与build也有此意。Its going to rain. Lets put up the tent. 天要下雨了,我们把帐篷搭起来吧。2. 拓展:put up “挂起,张贴;举起;抬起”之意。Please help me put up the picture. 请帮我挂起这幅画。If you know the answer, please put up your hands. 如果知道答案,请举手。三.keep 1.
10、系动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”,其后常接形容词作表语。如:Pleasekeepquiet/silent!请保持安静!行为动词2. 抚养,饲养:keepchickens.养鸡3. 遵守;维护。. Everyonemustkeeptherules.人人必须遵守规章制度。4. 使保持某种(状态、位置或动作等)。这时要在keep的宾语后接补足语,构成复合宾语。其中宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词和过去分词等充当。如:Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.(形容词)我们应保持教室整洁干净。Youdbetterkeepthechildawayfromt
11、hefire.(副词)你最好让孩子离火远一点。Thebadweatherkeepsusinsidethehouse.(介词短语)坏天气使我们不能出门。Dontkeepmewaitingforlong.(现在分词)别让我等太久。Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheireyesclosed.(过去分词)班上其他同学都闭着眼睛。5. .keepaway意为(使)离开;(使)不接近,其后常接介词from。如:Wouldyoukeepyourdogawayfrommyboy,please?请把狗拉得离我孩子远点好吗?四. tired 1. tired 形容词, “疲倦的,疲
12、劳的,累的”,be tired of 意为“对厌烦”。tired 的反义词是tireless,意为“不知疲倦的”。例如:He looks tired today. 他今天看起来很累。 She was tired of watching TV. 她看电视看得厌倦了。2. 拓展:tiring 指“令人困倦的,使人疲劳的,累人的”。例如: It was a long tiring day. 这一天让人感到又累又长。五. But I was so tired that I went to sleep early. 但是我太累了,所以早早就睡着了。 I was so scared that I coul
13、dnt move. 1. 英语中 “so +形容词+that 句子”,表示“太以至于”。2. 辨析 so that / so that so that引导目的状语从句时,表示“以便;为了”。 I got up early so that I could catch the early bus. 我早起是为了搭乘早班车。2) so +形容词或副词+ that .引导结果状语从句,意思是“如此以致于”。例如: He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him. 他跑得非常快,没人能追上他。3. “sothat .not .”可以和“tooto”句式
14、结构互换同义句。例如:鲍是如此的懒以致于他不去上班。 Paul is so lazy that he doesnt go to work.= Paul is too lazy to go to work. He is too young to go to school.= He is so young that he cant go to school. 2. sucha(an)adj.单数可数名词thatHeissuchacleverboythateverybodylikeshim.他非常聪明,大家都非常喜欢他。六. surprise1. surprise n. “惊奇,惊讶, 惊喜”, :
15、insurprise(惊奇),getasurprise(吃惊),toonessurprise使某人惊讶的是2. surprise 作动词,意为“使吃惊/震惊”,后面常接人作宾语。 The news surprised us. 这条消息使我们吃惊。3. 形容词形式: surprised,常用短语有besurprisedat sth.对感到惊奇be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇I was surprised to see him there. 我真想不到会在那儿见到他。 4. surprising形容物物, The news is surprising. 新闻是令人惊
16、讶的。用surprise及其相关短语填空。(1)Whathedidalways_使我很惊讶lastyear.(2)TheyfoundtheTVoverthere_(惊奇地).(3)_(使我惊讶的是),theyreallafraidofhim.(4)Im_(惊讶)whathesaid.七. .look out of从向外看1. Look out of the windows now. What can you see?现在请向窗外看。你们看见什么啦?2. look out注意;小心;当心Look out!Theres car coming.当心!汽车来了。八 . each other互相1. W
17、e often write to each other. 我们彼此经常通信.They look at each others faces.他们望着彼此的脸。比较; 相互: one another三者以上.each other 两者之间.九.scary 与scared1. scary指的是什么事情或东西恐怖。The movie is really_.2.scared指某人感到害怕, She feels _because of the big dog.因为这只大狗,她感到害怕be scared of 是害怕的意思,后可跟名词、代词、动名词be scared to do sth.He is scar
18、ed of snake.他害怕蛇。She is scared of walking alone at night.她害怕晚上路。=_.3. scare 使害怕 The dog scared me. 十. move 1. move可作及物动词, “移动、搬动、使改变位置(或姿势)”。例如: He moved the sofa to the left. 他把沙发移到左边。 2. move作及物动词,还可意为“感动、鼓动、激动”。例如: The speech moved them to tears. 那场演说把他们感动得落泪。 3. move还可作不及物动词,意为“离开、动身迁移、搬家”。例如: H
19、e moved his family to a smaller house. 他把家搬到一个较小的房子里。注意: 搬到某地常用move to + 地点,但当副词作地点状语时,此时可省略掉to。拓展: move house搬家 move to Paris搬到巴黎 move in搬进,迁进 move on 继续前进十一. start 1. “开始;发生;发起”=beginWhat time do you start school? 你是什么时候开始上学的? His work starts at half past eight and finishes at a quarter to five. 他
20、的工作八点半开始,四点四十五分结束。 start to do sth. 和start doing sth.一般情况下,两者可以互换。 He started learning /to learn English when he was only three. 他在只有三岁的时候就开始学习英语了。.start在下列情况下常接不定式,不接动名词: ( 1 )主语是无生命的事物,而不是人时。如: The ice started to melt. 冰开始融化了。 ( 2 )当start 用于进行时态时。如: The plaster was starting to fall from the walls.
21、 墙上的灰泥开始脱落了。 ( 3 )当start 后接表示心理状态或精神活动的动词时。如: Mary started to guess what is in the bag. 玛丽开始猜包里有什么东西了。 2. (机器)开始、启动How do you start the washing machine? 洗衣机怎么启动?The man cant start the car. 这个人无法发动这辆车。begin 和 start 均为终止性动词,因此不能与段时间状语连用。如:电影开始 10 分钟了。误: The film has begun/ started for ten minutes.正: T
22、he film began ten minutes ago.十二. wake upwakeupwake upwake up 意为“醒来”,vi., The students usually wake up early. 学生们通常醒的很早。wakeupwake sb. up 意为“把某人叫醒”,是指一方把另一方叫醒或者吵醒,Dont wake your father up. Hes too tired. 不要把你父亲吵醒。他太累了。wake up 唤醒; 后面可以跟名词或代词; 跟名词时可以放在wake up的后面或中间; 但是如果是跟代词的话应放于 wake up 的中间。如:早上你常什么时
23、候醒来?When do you usually _? 不要如此大声说话,你会将他们吵醒。 Dont speak so loud. Youll _. 十三 . feel 1. feel用作连系动词的用法1.表示某人的感觉,以人作主语。feel+adj如:Idontfeelverywelltoday.我今天感到不太舒服。Weallfeltratherworried.我们都感到很着急。【注】用于此义时,可用于进行时态。如:Ifeel/amfeelingverywell.我感觉很好。2.表示某物摸起来给人的感觉,通常要以被摸之物作主语。如:Yourhandfeelscold.你的手摸起来很凉。Icef
24、eelscold.冰感觉起来是凉的。Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.丝绸摸起来很柔软平滑。2. feel 做实义动词feel sb do sth感觉某人做过什么feel sb doing sth感觉某人正在做什么Hefelthisheartbeating他觉得他的心在跳。 英语中表示感官的动词,例如see, hear, feel 等动词后可以接动词-ing 短语,see/watch/feel/hear sb. doing sth.表示“看到/观察到/觉得/听到某人正在做(某事)”。 I can hear the children singing in the classroom.
25、 我能听见孩子们正在教室里唱歌。 We can hear water running from the mountain. 我们能听到水从山上流下来的声音。十四. “特殊疑问词+动词不定式” “特殊疑问词+动词不定式”是英语中的一种常见结构,一般在句中作宾语,相当于一个宾语从句。根据汉语提示填空。1.Idontknow_(去做什么)next.2.Canyoutellme_(如何到达)thepostoffice?3.Canyoudecide_(买哪一个)? 4.Imnotsure_(去哪里).十五. This was a very useful lesson for me. 1. lesson在
26、本句中意为“教训,经验”,是可数名词。teach sb. a lesson表示“给某人一个教训”。learn a lesson意为“得到一次教训”。 例如:That accident taught them a lesson. 那次事故给了他们一个教训。You should teach him a lesson. 你应该教训他一顿。2. 拓展:lesson作名词时还可以表示“功课,课”,多用复数形式,也可以指具体的“一堂课,一节课”,多用单数形式。例如: She gives the children lessons in music. 她给孩子们上音乐课。 They usually have four lessons in the morning. 上午他们通常有四节课。十六. up and down 来来回回;上上下下My father walked up and down the room. 我爸爸在房间里踱来踱去。Theoldmanlookedupanddownhim 老人把他上下打量一番-第 8 页-