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1、第 1 页 共 8 页商务合同英语的特点及翻译商务合同和协议是双方当事人或单位就某一商业活动协商而签署的合同或达成的协议，是对当事双方都具有约束力的法律性公文。虽然这类公文的种类繁多，但格式较为统一，语言精练，内容缜密。在英译商务合同和协议时，须对其上述三项，特别是后两项特征需特别留意，否则就会失之毫厘，谬以千里，给当事的一方或双方造成不可挽回的损失。1. 词汇特点1.1 使用公文惯用副词商务合同和协议属于法律公文，所以进行英文翻译时，需使用英语惯用的公文语副词，以便译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅。公文语副词是由副词here 、there 、where 等分别加上after 、by、in 、
2、of 、on、to 、under 、upon、with 等副词，构成的复合公文语副词。如：hereafter，thereafter，thereon ，thereupon ，hereinafter等。例 1. 本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。This Contract shall come into force from the date of execution hereof by the Buyer and the Builder.例 2.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - -
3、- 第 1 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页 共 8 页兹特由双方授权的代表，与上述首开日期和签署本合同为依据。IN WITNESS WHEREOF the panties hereto have executed this Contract by their authorized representatives as of the date first above written. 1.2 准确用词商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体，用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。英译商务合同时，常常由于选词不当而导致词不达意或者意思模棱两可，甚至误译。例 1. 双方都应遵守合同规
4、定。双方的一切活动都应遵守合同规定。Both parties shall abide by the contractual stipulations.All the activities of both parties shall comply with the contractual stipulations.英语中abide by与 comply with均意味“遵守”。当主语是人时，须用 abide by ，当主语是物时，则用comply with.例 2. 双方同意将交货期改为8 月，并将美元折合成港币。Both parties agree to change the time of
5、shipment to August and change US dollar intoHong Kong dollar.翻译时需注意change A to B与 change A into B的差异。前者意指“把 A改为 B”，后者意为“把A 折合成兑换成B”。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页 共 8 页例 3. 由“胜利”轮运走运来承运的货物将于10 月 12日抵达巴黎。The goods pere
6、xby S.S. “Victory ” will arriveat Paris on October 12.介词 ex，per ，和 by 含义不同： ex指“运来”， per 指“运走”， by 为“承运”。1.3 注意合同细目的翻译为了避免英译合同中的细目，如：金钱、时间、数量等出现差错，常常使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。例 1. 如果上述货物对船舶和（或）船上其他货物造成任何损害，托运人应负全责。The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and / or c
7、argo on board.英语中 and/ or 意为“甲和乙 +甲或乙”，这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。例 2. 买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并答订本合同。This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller，whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.英语中的 by
8、and between强调合同是由“双方”签订的。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页 共 8 页例 3. 自 9 月 1 日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 1.英文- 文中用双介词on and after意
9、为含当天日期在内的起止时间。例 4. On or prior to the Closing Date there shall have been delivered to the Subscriber， an opinion，in a form satisfactory to the Subscriber，or Skinner，Lind ，Willie，Wong and Chin. ，Malaysian counsel to the Trustee and the Manager.中止日或中止日期前，应以认购人满意之形式，向认购人提供受托人及管理人之马来西亚顾问Skinner ，Lind ，W
10、illie，Wong及 Chin 之意见。英文中用双介词on or prior to 意为当日或当日之前。2. 句法特点为了保证商务合同与协议翻译的准确，不引起误解，商务合同与协议的英文翻译语句一般较长，插入成分较多，句法结构也较为复杂，多使用条件状语从句、有it作形式主语的主语从句及定语从句等。例 1.The Customer and NEXPRESS each agree and undertake that during the Term and Thereafter it will keep confidential and will not use for its own purpo
11、ses or without the prior written consent of the 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页 共 8 页other party disclose to any third party any part or all information concerning the terms of this Agreement unless such information is
12、 in the public domain other than as a result of a breach of this clause.用户及NEXPRESS 均同意并承诺，在服务期间及之后，在没有对方书面露面同意之情况下，将对本协议条款之所有内容保密，不将其用于自己之用途，亦不向第三方透漏任何或全部与本协议有关之内容。除非此等咨询为公开情况，否则即被视为违反本条款。这是一保密条款中的一部分，从中我们可以看到原文较长，插入成分较多，滴水不漏地表达了句中各个部分之间的关系。例 2.If no written objection is raised by either party one
13、month before its expiry， this Agreement will be automatically extended for another year.在期满前一个月，如果双方未用书面提出异议，本协议将自动延长一年。商务合同及协议中常用的连接词有：if ， in case that ，in the event that， unless等。例 3.Should one of the parties fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this Agreement，the other 名师资料总结 - - -精品资
14、料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页 共 8 页party is entitled to terminate this Agreement.如果一方未按本协议条款执行，另一方有权中止协议。should 可放在句首引出倒装条件句。例 4.It is agreed that a margin of 2 percent shall be allowed for over or short count.双方同意，允许的误差为正负 2。it作形式
15、主语。例 5.Any term of condition of this Agreement which is prohibited or unenforceable in anyJurisdiction is ineffective as to that jurisdiction to the extent of the prohibition orenforceability.在任何司法管辖权内被禁止或成为不可执行之条款，仅在禁止或不可施行之司法管辖权范围内无效。which 引出一定语从句，修饰先行词。下面是翻译实践，请大家在完成本篇的翻译后再参考译文。Terms in Technical
16、 Contract The Buyer agrees that the Seller will carry out the design， selection of material manufacturing， inspection and test of the Equipment and Materials supplied by the Seller according to the existing standards and codes of the 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 -
17、- - - - - - 第 6 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页 共 8 页Seller‘ s country. Within one and a half months after signing the Contract the Seller shall airmail at his own expense to the Buyer the said standards and codes in six copies. These documents shall be delivered in English as far as possible
18、and the rest in German. The standards and codes shall be with indication of item numbers of the Equipment and Materials. The Buyer shall put forward his comments with reference to the submitted standards and codes during the preliminary design meeting and the final agreement reached between both par
19、ties through discussion shall be regarded as the basis for the inspection and test of the Equipment and Materials. All the Equipment and Materials supplied by the Seller shall be inspected by the Seller and quality certificates and inspection and test records shall be issued by the manufacturers or
20、the Seller. These documents shall be delivered to the Buyer as certificates of quality guarantee in accordance with the Contract. All expenses involved in the inspection and test of the Equipment and Materials shall be for 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - -
21、 第 7 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页 共 8 页the Seller‘s account.ates and inspection and test records shall be issued by the manufacturers or the Seller. These documents shall be delivered to the Buyer as certificates of quality guarantee in accordance with the Contract. All expenses involved in the inspection and test of the Equipment and Materials shall be for the Seller‘s account. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 8 页 - - - - - - - - -