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1、Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the starsReading高一人教新课标版必修三高一人教新课标版必修三1. Do you know the origin of life on earth?2. Each religion or culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth. In Chinese culture_ separates(分分) the sky from the earth.Pangu 盘古盘古skyearth_ made human beings.Nuwa(女娲女娲)In we
2、stern countries:_ created the world and all living things.God (上帝上帝)Day 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness creating Day and Night Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean Day 3: God spoke and created dry land The Biblical AccountDay 4: God spoke and created the sun
3、, moon and stars Day 5: God spoke and created living creatures in the air and sea Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy India Brahma is the god first represented in the Hindu Triad. He is the creator of the universe and all livin
4、g beings are said to have evolved from him.Pre-reading Look at the picture. Do you know the topic of this reading?大爆炸宇宙产生示意图大爆炸宇宙产生示意图Big BangGasNew starsDying starsremnants地球大气地球大气The earths atmospherenitrogenoxygendioxidecarbonvapour It was full of water.海洋里的细胞开始分裂海洋里的细胞开始分裂 爬行动物爬行动物恐龙恐龙Mammals人类的
5、兴起人类的兴起1. Why was the earth different from other planets? The water remained.2. Why did the plants grow before the animals came? Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe. Answer the questions.3. Why is it wrong in films and stories to show dinosaurs and people together? Because dinosaurs
6、 died out long before human beings developed on the earth.4. There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it? Pluto. Scientists now think it
7、 is too small to be called a planet. 5. Why do you think that humans are the cleverest animals on the earth? They are the cleverest animals because they have larger brains than any other creature on the earth so far.6. What problem is caused by human beings? They cause global warming. 1. Why was the
8、 earth different from other planets? A. It produced a lot of heat. B. The water remained. C. The water disappeared. D. It was the oldest planet.Choose the best answer.B2. Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets? A. The earth had a solid shape. B. The earth did not have har
9、mful gases in its atmosphere. C. The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets. D. The earth was not too hot and not too cold.C3. Why was it necessary for plants to grow before animals? A. Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun. B. Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe.
10、C. Animals could hide from hunters in the forest. D. It was easier for plants to grow.B4. It can be inferred from the text that _. A. after “Big Bang”, what the dust was to become remained a mystery B. plants appeared before the animals C. plants multiplied and filled the oceans with oxygen D. plant
11、s played an important part in the appearance of the animalsD A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe The formation of the earth The importance of water for life The development of plants and animals on the earth The arrival of humans and their impact on the earthPara.1Para.2Para
12、.3Para.4Para.5The main idea for each paragraph.Put the events into a timeline. 1. Insects and amphibians appeared.3. The earth became a solid ball.5. Reptiles appeared.7. The earth was a cloud of dust.9. Shellfish and other fish appeared.11. Clever animals with hands and feet appeared.Keys: 10 7 3 8
13、 4 9 6 1 5 2 12 112. Dinosaurs appeared.4. Small plants grew on the water.6. Plants began to grow on dry land.8. Water appeared on the earth.10. The universe began with a “Big Bang”.12. Mammals appeared.Combine into Explode with fire and rockdissolve harmful gases Big BangEnergetic dusta violent sol
14、id ballAtmosphereWateroceans and seasCool down Finish the following form.Para 1-3A cloud of energetic dust A solid ballAtmosphere A world full of water4132Combine into Explode with fire and rockdissolve harmful gases Cool down Fill in the blanks with the proper words.After the _, the earth was a clo
15、ud of_. Later the dust began to _ into_. And then it _ loudly with fireand rock , which were in time to _ the water vapour , carbon dioxide, which were tomake the earths _.As the earth _ down, _ began to _ on its surface.Water had _ from planets or satellites, but it _on the earth.That made it possi
16、ble for life to begin to _.energetic dustcombineexplodedproducecooledappear disappearedstayed develop“Big Bang”a ball atmospherewater1. small plants in water2. shellfish and all sorts of fish3. green plants on land4. insects (on land) 5. amphibian (on land and in water)6. forests7. reptiles (on land
17、) 8. dinosaurs (on land) 9. mammals(on land)Para 4: Finish the following form.arrival of small plants in waterearly shellfishplantsanimals all sorts of fishearly shellfishA few kindsmany kindsPlants in the waterPlants on landwaterlandinsectsdinosaurs simplecomplex lowMan had evolved from apes. 达尔文达尔
18、文(进化论进化论)advancedFill in the blanks. The arrival of _ encouraged the _of early _. Many millions of years later _ began to appear _. Later _ appeared. Some were_. Others called _,were able to live on lands well as _. When the plants grew into forests, _appeared for the first time. After they disappea
19、red, _became more important. They were the last group of animals different from because they _from within their bodies.development shellfish and all sorts of fish on land land animalsamphibians dinosaurs mammals produced small plants the fist green plants insects in the sea1. The earth became so vio
20、lent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.1) violent 猛烈的猛烈的, 激烈的激烈的2) whether 可以引导主语从句、表语从句、可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句宾语从句和同位语从句; 而而if只能引导宾语从句。只能引导宾语从句。 引导宾语从句既可以用引导宾语从句既可以用whether, 也可以用也可以用if,He asked me whether / if I could lend him my bike.Could you tell us whether / if it snow
21、s in winter in Australia?2. They were in time to produce in time 及时及时; 终于终于She will be back in time to prepare dinner.The doctor came in time to save her life .医生及时赶来救了她的命医生及时赶来救了她的命.Mary usually gets home in time to bath the children 玛莉通常及时到家给孩子们洗澡玛莉通常及时到家给孩子们洗澡.注意注意: in time 还有还有“过些时候过些时候; 最后最后”之意
22、之意Youll get used to it in time. 过些时候你会习惯它的过些时候你会习惯它的.Dont worry. Im sure things will get better in time. 别着急别着急, 我肯定过些时候事情会好转的我肯定过些时候事情会好转的.与与time相关的短语相关的短语: in no time 立刻立刻, 马上马上 at times 有时有时 at a time 每次每次; 依次依次 once upon a time 从前从前 on time 按时按时; 准时准时 at one time 从前从前 for the time being 暂时暂时 fro
23、m time to time 不时地不时地3. atmosphere n. 大气层大气层; 气氛气氛An atmosphere of tension filed the room .屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛。屋子里笼罩着紧张的气氛。The atmosphere over dinner was warm and friendly.用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛。用餐时洋溢着热情友好的气氛。注意注意: 指指“大气层大气层”使使, 常用常用 the atmosphere; 指指 “气氛气氛”时时, 常使用单数形式。常使用单数形式。4. .as the earth cooled down, water be
24、gan to appear on its surface. 随着地球的冷却随着地球的冷却, 地球的表面就开始出现了水。地球的表面就开始出现了水。1) cool down 变凉变凉, 冷却冷却2) appear “出现出现,似乎似乎”是不及物动词当表示是不及物动词当表示 “似乎似乎,好像好像”时是系动词时是系动词, 该词无被动语态。该词无被动语态。 Our teacher appeared on TV this morning.辨析辨析: appear seem lookI. 含义上的差异含义上的差异 appear 是指根据事物的外表表象做出判断的是指根据事物的外表表象做出判断的, 但实质上并不
25、一定如此但实质上并不一定如此; seem是表示说话人是表示说话人主观上的判断主观上的判断, 暗含有一定的根据暗含有一定的根据, 往往接近往往接近事实的判断事实的判断; look是根据视觉印象而得出的判断是根据视觉印象而得出的判断, 实质上也可能如此。实质上也可能如此。She is fifty but she appears young. 她五十岁了她五十岁了, 但看起来很年轻。但看起来很年轻。(其实并非如此其实并非如此) She seems young. (I think she is young.) 她看起来很年轻。她看起来很年轻。(个人的主观判断而推断出个人的主观判断而推断出) She l
26、ooks young. 她很年轻。她很年轻。(从他外表可出感觉出从他外表可出感觉出) II. 用法上的差异用法上的差异 a. appear, look, seem 后均可带名词、形容语、后均可带名词、形容语、 to be 结构。结构。 The man who came yesterday appeared / seemed / looked an honest man . 昨天来的那个人看来是一个诚实的人。昨天来的那个人看来是一个诚实的人。b. look 可用于进行时可用于进行时, 而而 seem, appear 一般一般 不能。不能。 He is looking very happy. 他现
27、在看起来很高兴。他现在看起来很高兴。c. appear 和和 seem 之后可接动词不定式的之后可接动词不定式的一般式、完成式以及其他形式一般式、完成式以及其他形式, 而而 look 之后之后除了能接除了能接to be 结构外结构外,不接其它动词不定式不接其它动词不定式形式。形式。 She appeared to agree with you. 他好像同意你的意见。他好像同意你的意见。 They dont seem to have read this novel. 他们好像没有读过这本小说。他们好像没有读过这本小说。d. look, seem 能与介词能与介词 like 构成习语构成习语, 意
28、思意思 是是“看上去象看上去象”, 而而 appear 却不能。却不能。如如: It seems like years since I last saw you . 自从上次见到你后自从上次见到你后,好像很久没有见到你了。好像很久没有见到你了。 He looks like a student. 他看起来象个学生。他看起来象个学生。e. seem, look 后均可接后均可接 as if , as though 引导的引导的 表语从句表语从句, 从句中既可用陈述语气也可用从句中既可用陈述语气也可用 虚拟语气虚拟语气,而而 appear 则不能。则不能。 It seemed / looked as
29、 if he had been to Beijing. 看起来他去过北京。看起来他去过北京。f. appear和和seem均可接均可接 that引导的从句引导的从句, 而而 look 不能。不能。 It seems / appears that we wont finish this work today. 我们好像今天完不成这项工作。我们好像今天完不成这项工作。g. appear和和seem 可用于可用于there be 结构中结构中,而而 look 不能。不能。如如: There appears to have been an accident . 好像出了一次事故。好像出了一次事故。5.
30、 by laying eggs. lay-laid-laid-laying 放放, 把把. 放在放在.; 产卵产卵 He laid his books on the desk.注意注意: lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺躺; 位于位于 lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎说谎 The naughty boy _ to me that the hen that _ there just now had _ two eggs the day before.A. laid; laid; laid B. laid; lay; lainC. lied; laid; lai
31、n D. lied; lay; laidD6. give birth to1) 生生(孩子孩子) Shes just given birth to a healthy baby girl. 她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。她刚刚生了个健康的女婴。2) 产生产生The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel.这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部这段奇特的经历促成了他的最新的一部小说的诞生。小说的诞生。7. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, whi
32、ch prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中, 这就这就使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。使得热量不能从地球上散发到太空中去。prevent sth. / sb. (from) doing sth. 制止制止(防止防止)某人某人(某物某物)做某事做某事The rules are intended to prevent accidents. What can we do to prevent this accident (from) happening?I
33、 intend to go and nothing you do can prevent me! (阻止阻止)Nothing can prevent this plan from being carried out.注意注意: 类似结构类似结构keep/stop sb. from doing sth., 但但keep sb. from doing sth.中中from不可省略不可省略, prevent / stop sb. from doing sth.中的中的from可省可省,但如在被动语态中但如在被动语态中, 他们中的他们中的from都不可省。都不可省。I tried to keep hi
34、m from waiting for her . 我试图叫他不要再等她了我试图叫他不要再等她了.I tried to keep him waiting for her . 我试图让他等她我试图让他等她 .8. the earth may become too hot to live on.地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。有关有关too的一些用法的一些用法1) too作作 “太太” 讲。讲。 There is too much water.水太多了。水太多了。 This shirt is too large for me. 这衬衫我穿起来太大。
35、这衬衫我穿起来太大。 The problem is rather too hard for me. 这个问题对我来说太难了。这个问题对我来说太难了。2) “too adj.to”, 有两种意义有两种意义,一种为一种为“太太以至以至(不不)”, 在翻译时要加上在翻译时要加上一个否定词一个否定词; 另一种是另一种是“太太”, 语意肯定语意肯定, 但但too后的形容词常用后的形容词常用ready, heavy, beautiful等。等。The question is too hard to understand.问题太难问题太难, 理解不了。理解不了。He is too proud to see
36、his own shortcomings. 他太骄傲了以至于看不到自己的缺点。他太骄傲了以至于看不到自己的缺点。You are too ready to find fault with others.你太爱挑别人的毛病了。你太爱挑别人的毛病了。3) “only/all/not/buttoo adj. to ”, 后面的动词不定式在翻译时不必加否定词。后面的动词不定式在翻译时不必加否定词。only等与等与too连用等于连用等于very (非常非常)。I shall be only too pleased to hear from you further. 我非常欢迎你再来信。我非常欢迎你再来信。
37、They are but too glad to do so. 他们非常喜欢这么做。他们非常喜欢这么做。 We are only too pleased to work together with the workers. 我们和工人们一起劳动我们和工人们一起劳动, 非常高兴。非常高兴。4) “cannotcan never.too”, 表示表示 “无论怎样无论怎样也不会过分也不会过分”。 You cannot praise him too highly. 你无论怎样表扬他也不过分。你无论怎样表扬他也不过分。 We cannot be too careful in doing experime
38、nts. 我们做实验无论怎样小心也不过分。我们做实验无论怎样小心也不过分。 You can never be too careful of your health. 你越注意健康越好。你越注意健康越好。5) 当当too用于数量增减时用于数量增减时, 表示表示“过过 (多、少、多、少、 长等长等)”的意思。的意思。 It is too long by half. 它长了一半。它长了一半。 He has given me six too many (few). 他多他多(少少) 给了我六个。给了我六个。 This rod is 3 inches too long. 这杆长了这杆长了3英寸。英寸。-
39、 Are you going to the football game?- No. The tickets are _ expensive for me. A. very much B. far too C. highly D. so much解析解析: “too+形容词形容词+for sb.”表示表示“太太”, far 可置于可置于too前表示程度。前表示程度。B9. whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be
40、solved. 在未来的千百万年中在未来的千百万年中, 生命能否在地球上生命能否在地球上 延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。延续将取决于这个问题能否得到解决。 depend vi. 相信相信,信赖信赖;依靠依靠,依赖依赖 (尤指钱尤指钱); 视视而定而定 You can depend on John he is always on time. 你可以相信约翰你可以相信约翰, 他总是很准时。他总是很准时。相关短语：相关短语：believe sb. 相信某人相信某人(所说的话所说的话)believe in sb. 信任信任/信赖某人信赖某人trust (in) sb. 相信相信/信任信任/信赖某人
41、信赖某人depend oncount on sb. rely on 信任信任/相信相信/依赖依赖/依靠某人依靠某人Tell him what you want to say; hes a man to _. A. count B. believe C. trust D. depend 解析解析: 相信相信/信赖某人信赖某人: count on sb./believe in sb./depend on sb./trust (in) sb.CHomework1. Collect more information about the development of life and make a poster with your group members.2. Read and retell the passage to learn the important and difficult language points.