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1、-中考常用词汇详解Aability n. 能力;才干;才能 短语:1. a man of ability 有能力的人2. the ability to do sth. 做某事的能力able adj. 有能力的,能干的短语: be able to do sth.有能力做某事about prep. 对于,关于;大约;在.周围; 短语: walk about 四处走 be about to do sth. 即将做某事 句型:What/How about? 怎么样? 呢?above prep. adj. 在之上;超过;大于,多于; 上面的;短语:above all 最重要的是;首先e.g. Above
2、 all, the work must be finished before nine by ourselves.最重要的是工作必须在九点之前由我们自己独立完成。注意:above的反义词为belowabroad adv. 在外国;广泛地;传播短语:1. from abroad 从国外,从海外 2. go abroad 出国accept v.接受;赞同;欢迎;听从近义词辨析:accept 和receiveaccept 是“接受、认可“的意思,是收到并接受;receive 有”收到“的意思,但不一定接受。e.g. I received a lot of gifts on my birthday,
3、but I didnt accept any.生日那天我收到许多礼物,但是我并没有收下任何礼物。accident n. 事故; 偶然 短语:1.by accident意外地,偶然地 2.a traffic accident 交通事故according to prep. 根据;依照across prep. 横过,穿过 词性转换:cross v. 横过,穿过 crossing n.十字路口,交叉点 短语:across from. 在对面 近义词辨析:across 和through across表示“横过,穿过”;着重指从路线或物体表面的一边到另一边(表面)。 e.g. go across the
4、street = cross the street 横过马路 through “穿过,从中间通过”;着重指从空间的一头穿到另一头(内部)。e.g. go through the forest 穿过森林。act n. 动作,举动 v. 行动,表演;扮演,装作短语:act as担任(起.作用)词性转换:actor/actress n.男演员/女演员action n. 行动;行为; action movie 动作片 take action 采取行动active adj. 积极的; 短语:1. take an active part in : 积极参加 e.g. I dont think everyo
5、ne should take an active part in the social activities.我认为并不是所有的人都应该积极参与到社会活动中去。 词性转换:activity n. 活动address n. 地址;住址 ( 问地址要用what,不用where) e.g. Excuse me,what is your address? 打扰一下,你的地址是什么? advice n. 建议,劝告;信息 短语: 1. a piece of advice一条建议2.ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议3.give advice提建议4.take/follow ones a
6、dvice接受、遵照某人的建议 词性转换:advise v.给出主意;建议;通知 短语:advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事afford v.提供;给予;担负得起 短语:cant afford to do sth. 没有能力做某事 afford sb. sth.=afford sth.to sb. 给某人提供某物afraid adj. 惊慌的;恐怕短语:1.be afraid of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物 .be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事 2. be afraid to do sth. 不敢做某事 3. Im afraid so. 恐怕是这
7、样/Im afraid not. 恐怕不是这样/ Im afraid that.我恐怕.after adv., prep & conj. 在之后;晚于 短语: after all 终究,毕竟afternoon n. 下午;午后 短语:1. in the afternoon 在下午 2. on Monday afternoon 在星期一下午 3. on the afternoon of 在.的下午against prep. 1)对着,反对; 短语: be against sth./doing sth. 反对某事/做某事2)靠着,依着: stand against the wall 靠着墙站着 a
8、ge n. 年龄;时期;变老 ; 短语:at the age of 在岁时 表示年龄的同义句:How old is he?/What is his age? 他多大年龄?ago adv. 以前;以往; 短语:1. long long ago 很久以前,从前: 2. some time ago 不久前 近义词辨析:ago 和 before ago: 1.用于一般过去时;2. 它所指的时间是从现在算起。before: 1.用于过去完成时;2. 它所指的时间不是从现在算起,而是从过去某一时刻算起。e.g. A short time before, tall trees had covered the
9、 country for many miles around. 在那时不久之前,高大的树木覆盖着方圆数英里。agree v. 意见一致;赞成;适合;近义词辨析:agree to 和 agree with agree to: 意思 是“同意”,后面接表示计划、安排、意见、条件之类的名词或动词原形,表示愿意协助工作。e.g. Do you agree to this agreement? 你同意这项协议吗? He didnt agree to help us. 他不同意帮助我们。 agree with: 意思是“与(意见)一致”后面一般接人,也可接意见、看法等。但不含有协助的意思。e.g. I d
10、ont agree with what you said. 我不同意你说的话。I dont agree with your idea. 我不同意你的主意。短语: agree on 对.取得一致意见agreement n.同意;一致;协议air n. 大气;天空;态度 短语:1. by air=by plane 乘飞机 2. in the open air 在户外all adj. & pron.全部的,所有的;短语:1.all day 整日2.all kinds of 各种各样的;3.all over 遍布 ,到处 4.all right 行,可以5. all along 一直,始终 6. no
11、t .at all 一点也不7.in all 总共,总计allow v.准许;允许;给予 短语:1. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 2.allow doing sth 允许做某事alone adj. 独自的;单独的; 短语: leave sth. alone 听其自然,不要去管 let sb./sth. alone 不打扰某人/某物 近义词辨析:lonely/alone alone 指“独自一人的”,强调客观事实,通常只放在动词、系动词之后,作表语, e.g. He was alone in the room. 他独自一人在屋里。lonely 指“孤单的”、“孤独的”,
12、表示主观感觉,在句中作语表或主语。along adv. & prep沿着;向前;共同,一起;短语:1. all along(=all the time) 始终,一直:e.g. I knew the truth of the matter all long. 那件事情的真相我始终是清楚的。2.along with 于一道;e.g. Yesterday I went along with my brother to the shop.昨天我和我的弟弟一道去了那家商店。3.get along (well) with sb. 与.相处地(好);进展.aloud adv. 出声地;大声地 短语:read
13、 aloud 大声读already adv.早已;早;近义词辨析: already / yet already: “已经”惊讶于某事比预期发生得早,在问句中表示意外、惊讶的程度更强。yet : “尚(未),已经”(用于否定句、疑问句中,谈论将要发生的事情)among prep.被所包围;其中 近义词辨析:among / between 这两个个词都含有“在中间”的意思。among 用于“三者或三者以上之间”e.g. He built a house among the forest. 他在树林中盖了一间房。between 则用于“两者之间”e.g. What is the difference
14、 between the two words?这两个词的区别是什么?angry adj.生气的;愤怒的; 短语:be angry with sb. 生某人的气another adj. 另外的,又一的 pron.另一个,再一个 注意:another常修饰单数可数名词,若复数名词前有数词或few,此时的名词 短语视为一个整体,也可用another 修饰。 e.g. another five chairs=five more chairs 另外五把椅子 Would you like another two apples(=two more apples) ?你还想再要两个苹果吗?answer n.
15、& v. 回答;解决方案;反应 短语:1.the answer to . .的答案appear v.出现;好像around prep.围绕;环绕;在四周arrive v. 到达;抵达;得出 短语:arrive at/inas adv., conj & prep 作为主句的先行词;同样地;与一样; 短语:1. asas(用于比较)与一样;e.g. Tom is as tall as his brother. 汤姆和他弟弟一样高。2. as a result 结果:e.g. He works hard all day, as a result, he got a good mark in his
16、English exam. 他整日努力学习,因此在英语考试中取得了优异的成绩。3. as if 仿佛,好像:e.g.He talks as if he knew about it. 他说起来好像知道这件事似的。4.as long as 只要,和一样长:e.g.You will do well in your English study as /so long as you keep on. 只要坚持下去,你一定能学好英语 。 5. as well 也;e.g. My class went to the cinema and I went there as well.ask v. 问;询问;请求
17、 短语:1.ask sb to do sth, 请求/叫某人做某事2. ask sb. for sth. 向某人索要某物3. ask for help 求助asleep adj.睡熟(的);不活跃(的 ); 短语:fall asleep 入睡 be asleep 睡着e.g.Though it is 12 in the night. I still find it hard to fall asleep.尽管已经是夜里12点钟了,我发现还是很难入睡。 词型转换:sleep v. 睡觉 sleepy adj. 瞌睡的,昏昏欲睡的attention n.专心;注意 短语:pay attention
18、 toaway adv. 向走开;逝去 短语:right away 立即,马上 be away from 离开,远离 far away在远处,很远,遥远 far away from远离 put away把.收起来(放好)Bback adv. & n.背部;背骨 短语:at /on the back of . 在. 的后面/后部 give back 归还 get back取回 put back 放回 go back 回去 come back回来bad ( worse, worst) a 不足的;令人不快的 短语:be bad for . 对.有害 bad luck 倒霉 be bad at .
19、在.方面(做得/学得)不好badly adv.坏;差;非常严重地 (worse, worst)because conj.因为;由于 ;辨析:because of (接名词或者名词词组) 因为: e.g. He begs because of poverty, not hunger.他不是因为饿了,而是因为贫穷才要饭的。 because 后接句子。before prep. adv. & conj.在之前;在前;以前;短语:1.before long 不久以后:e.g. Before long ,news came that China lost the game.不久以后传来消息说中国队比赛输了
20、。 2.the day before yesterday :e.g. He went to see his grandmother the day before yesterday.他前天去看望他奶奶了。3.long before 很久以前。e.g.She said she had seen the film long before.她说很久以前就看过这部电影。begin (began, begun) v. 开始;着手;近义词辨析:begin / start 二者都表示“开始”后面可以接不定式或动名词,一般可以互换使用。 区别是:1.begin 侧重于时间上一个过程的开始,指迈出第一步、采取第
21、一个行动,与and相对; 2.start 侧重于形态上的开始,通常指由静到动的过程,与stop相对。beginning n.开端;起点;起源 短语:1.at the beginning of.在.开始时 2 begin with.以.开始beside prep 在旁边;在附近besides prep. & adv.除之外;还有:近义词辨析:except / besidesexcept 除之外;侧重整体除去一部分;e.g. We all knew about the news except Jim.除了Jim以外,我们都知道这个消息。besides 除之外(还有),e.g. We all kne
22、w about the news besides Jim.blow (blew, blown) v吹气;吹走;刮; 短语:blow out 吹灭;e.g. Close the windows or the wind blow the light out.把窗户关上,不然风会把灯吹灭。 boring adj .无聊的;讨厌的 词型转换:boring/boredborn adj. & v 出生的; 出生 短语:be born in. 出生于.borrow v.借入; 短语:borrow sth.from sb.=borrow sb. sth.从某人那借来某物 lend sth. to sb. =l
23、end sb. sth 把某物借给某人both pron. & adj. 两者都;双方的 短语:1. bothand .和.两者都2both of .两者都3both/all 两者都/三者,三者以上都break (broke, broken) n. & v. 打破;损坏 短语:1.break downbring (brought, brought) v. 带来;取来;导致; 短语:1.bringto. 把某物带到某处来2.bring sth.with sb. 随身携带某物3.bring sth for sb. 为某人带来某物build (built, built) v.建筑;修建;发展; bu
24、ilding n. 建筑物;建造business n.事务;工作;职业;要务 短语:on business 因公出差,办事busy adj.忙碌的;杂乱的 ;短语:1.be busy (in) doing something.忙着做 2.be busy with 忙于buy (bought, bought) v 买;购;收买 短语:1.buy sb sth/ buy sth for sbby prep.靠近;在旁边Ccall v.呼喊;把.叫做;打电话给. 短语:1. call at +地点名词 访问某地 call on +sb. 拜访某人2.call sb. back 给某人回电话 3.ca
25、llfor help 喊帮忙4.call sb. up/give sb. a call 给某人打电话 5.make a telephone call 打电话care v.关心;注意;照料:喜欢; 短语:1. take care of 照顾,照管: e.g. His son took care of him when he was ill.当他生病时。他的儿子照顾他。 2.care for 关心;喜欢;照料careful adj. 仔细的;谨慎的 : 短语:be careful of 小心。careless adj. 粗心的;麻木不仁carry v. 携带;提;抱;背catch v. 捉住;发现
26、:燃着;理解; (caught, caught) 短语:1.catch up (常与with连用) 赶上 近义词辨析:catch up with / keep up with catch up with 意思是“赶上”,指由落后状态变为并肩状态,侧重动作: keep up with 意识是“跟上”,指并驾骑驱,不掉队,侧重状态。 century n. 百年;世纪 短语:21st century 21世纪certainly adv. 无意地;毫无疑问chance n. 碰巧; 机会;可能性: 短语:by chance 偶然的,意外地: e.g. I met him in the street q
27、uite by chance.我在街上很偶然地遇见了他。cheer n. & v. 喝彩;情绪;欢呼:短语:1.cheeron 为加油:e.g. The crowd cheered both teams on. 观众为双方的球队欢呼加油。 2. Cheer up! 高兴点儿! e.g.Cheer up! Dont be so worried. 高兴点儿!别担心。 choice n. 选择;选择权 短语:make a choice做出选择choose (chose, chosen) v.挑选;选择; class n. 种类;等级;阶级;班级;(一节)课;近义词辨析:class / lesson
28、class 指以时间为单位的课堂教学活动,也指“班级或全体学生” lesson 指“功课”等教学内容。作“课”讲时,lesson可以和class互换。 e.g.Class Two is having a Chinese lesson.二班在上语文课。 e.g. We have no classes/lessons on Sundays.我们星期天不上课。clean adj. & v.清洁的;爱干净的; 短语:1.clean up 清除,收拾干净。2.clean-up 大扫除climb v.攀登;爬上 短语:climb up/down 爬上/下collect v.收集;采集;积累college
29、n.专科学院;学院 短语: go to college 上大学come (came, come) v. 来;来临;实现;短语:1. come along 来到,出现,赶快:e.g.Come along, Tom.快点,Tom。、 2. come down 下来,落;e.g.Please come down to the floor. 请下到地面上来。 3. come into (wide) use 开始;被(广泛) 使用:e.g.Now computers has come into wide use in many fields.现在计算机已经被广泛应用于各个领域。 4.Come on! (
30、表示激励)加油!快! 5. come out 发行,出版;指(花儿)开放。 6. come true实现 7. come up to 来到面前。e.g. The guard comes up to me with smile.门卫笑着走到我面前。 8. come up with 找到,提出(答案、解决办法等)。e.g.The boss hopes you can come up with a better plan than this.老师希望你们能提出更好的计划来。comfortable adj.、使舒服的; compare v.把比做;对照 短语:compare with. 把与进行比较c
31、onsider v.考虑;细看 短语:consider doing 考虑做。continue v. 坚持不懈;待续 短语:continue doing 继续做。conversation n. 会话 ;会谈cook v. & n. 烹调;做;篡改cooker n. 厨具;蒸煮用具;锅cost v. 花费;价值 n.代价,费用,成本 辨析:“花费”cost,spend,pay,take 1. Sth. costs (sb.)some money. (主语是物或事) 某物花了(某人)多少钱。 2. Sb. spends some money/time on sth. Sb. spends some
32、money/time (in)doing sth. (主语是人)某人买某物花了多少钱或某人花了多少时间做某事。 3. Sb. pays some money for sth. (主语是人)某人为某物付了多钱。 4. It takes (sb.) some money/time to do sth. (主语是形式主语it) 做某事花费某人多少时间或金钱。cough v.咳嗽 短语:.have a bad cough 咳得很厉害cover n. 封面;盖子 v.盖住,覆盖短语:cover. with. 用覆盖 be covered with. .覆盖着.create v.引起;创造词型转换:cre
33、ation创造,发生culture n. 文化;文明cut (cut, cut) v. & n. 切;砍; 短语:1. cut down 砍倒 2. cut up 砍碎Ddaily adj. 每日的;日常的 daily life日常生活 n. 日报 the Peoples Daily 人民日报danger n. 危险物;危险; 短语: 1. in danger 在危险之中e.g.The building is in danger of collapse (倒塌)。这楼房要塌了。 2. out of danger 脱离危险e.g. He is now out of danger. 他已经脱离危险
34、了。 dangerous adj. 危险的;引起危险的 day n. 白昼;日光; 短语:1. day by day 一天天地,逐日: 2. one day (过去或将来的)某一天: 3. the other day 在不久前,某天; 4. the day before yesterday 前天 5. the day after tomorrow 后天 6. these days 如今 7. day off 休息日dead adj. 死亡的;麻木的短语:be dead 死了(持续性词组)e.g. The dog has been dead for two days. 这只狗已经死了两天了。 同
35、义句:The dog died two days ago. 词性转换:die v. 死 ,死亡,断气 (瞬间性动词) death n 死,死亡deal v. 处理;交往;对待;短语:1. deal with 对付,处理。 e.g.How will you deal with the problem?=What will you do with the problem? 你怎样处理这个问题? 2. a great deal of . 大量. e.g.I have a great deal work to do. 我有大量的工作要做。decide v.决定;下决心短语:1. decide to d
36、o sth. /decide +that 从句 决定做. 2. decide on +名词/代词/动名词 对.做出决定 词性转换:decision n. 决定;判决make a decision 作出决定delicious adj.美味的;芬芳的 e.g. something delicious 好吃的东西depend v. 取决于;依赖 短语:depend on 取决于develop v. 使发展;培育;生长;发育; 词型转换:developing发展中的 developed发达的 development n. 开发;发展; e.g. The development of the medic
37、ine industry will take several years. 医药工业的发展要经过几年的时间。diary n. 日记;日记薄 短语:keep a diary记日记dictionary n. 字典;词典短语:look up in the dictionary 在字典里查阅.difference n. 差异;不同短语:make a difference between. 区别对待. 词性转换:different adj.不同的;不一致的 短语:be different from. 与. 不同difficult adj. 困难的;复杂的;艰难的;近义词辨析:difficult / ha
38、rd difficult 和 hard 都有“困难的”意思,区别是difficult侧重于智力上的 难题,hard 侧重体力上的难题。 e.g. It is hard for me to climb up the hill alone.独自一人爬上那座山对我来说太难了。 e.g.The problem is difficult for me to work out. 我很难解出这道难题。 词性转换:difficulty n.困难;障碍; 短语: have difficulty (in) doing sth. e.g.We have difficulty (in) passing the exa
39、m. 要通过这次考试,我们有困难。dinner n. 正餐;宴会 短语:.at dinner在吃饭 have dinner 吃晚饭discover n. 找到;发现 词性转换: discovery n.发现;发觉discuss v. 讨论;议论 短语:discuss sth with sb 和某人讨论某事 词性转换:discussion n. 谈论;议论短语: under discussion正在讨论中disease n. 疾病;弊病短语:a serious disease 严重的疾病do (did, done) v做;干; 短语:1. do a good job 干得不错。 e.g. He
40、did a very good job in the exams. 他的考试成绩考得很好。 2. do/try ones best (to do sth.)尽自己最大努力(做某事); e.g. If you want to pass the exam, you must do your best from now on.要想通过考试,从此你必须尽自己最大努力。 3. do some shopping/reading/washing 买东西/读书/洗衣服 4. do well in.= be good at. 在方面干得好; e.g. He did badly in English , but he does well in it now .他过去英语不好,现在英语学得好。 5. do with 处置,对付。 e.g.What will you do with it?= How will you deal with it?你会怎么处置它呢?dress n. 女服;衣服;连衣裙 v. (给.)穿衣 短语:dress sb. 给某人穿衣 get dressed 穿好衣服 dress well穿着讲究duty n.责任;义务