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1、英语四级根底学问一、一个星期七天 SundayMonday Tuesday WednesdayThursday FridaySaturday二、一年十二个月 January February March AprilMay June JulyAugust September OctoberNovemberDecember三、一年四季 1. spring2. summer3. autumn4. winter四、简单拼法错的数字 1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十 四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿
2、) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最终一个字母 1. regret (regretted, regretting) 懊悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 限制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 成认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿6. refer
3、(referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 遗忘8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 留意:quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语)六、局部过去式和过去分词不规则改变的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 播送 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 制止 4. forgive (
4、forgave, forgiven) 宽恕 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作“悬挂”讲,其过去式过去分词都是hung) 7. lie lied lied 说谎;lielay-lain躺下lay-laid- laid 放置 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求 9. shake (shook, shaken) 颤抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌 11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉 12. spread (spread, spread) 传播 13. swim (
5、swam, swum) 游泳 14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎 16.wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴17.hold (held, held ) 18.make (made, made)19. keep (kept, kept)七、意思相近的词 1. check (核对)/examine(检查)/test(测试) 2. receive(收到) /accept(承受) 3. destroy (毁坏;消灭)/ damage(破坏) 4. celebrate(庆贺)/congratulate(庆贺) 5. wear sth /dress sb穿衣八、留意形容词变名词时的拼法
6、改变 1. longlength 长度 2. widewidth 宽度 3. highheight 高度4. strongstrength力气 九、以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加ing或ed 1. picnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐 十、个别名词的复数拼法 1. German (Germans) 德国人 2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾 3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房顶4. hero (英雄),potato (土豆),tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复
7、数时要加-es。 十一、留意动词变名词时的拼法改变 1. succeedsuccess成功 2. pronouncepronunciation 发音 3. explainexplanation说明4. decidedecision 确定 5. enterentrance进入6. permitpermission 允许 7. considerconsideration 考虑 8. expectexpectation 期盼9. discoverdiscovery 发觉10. buryburial 安葬 11. concludeconclusion 得出结论12. arrivearrival 到达1
8、3. weighweight 重量 14. describedescription 描绘 15. loseloss 损失16. anxious-anxiety焦虑十二、留意形容词变副词时的拼法改变 1. beautiful漂亮的beautifully 2. possible可能的possibly 3. practical实际的practically 4. particular特殊的particularly 5. successful成功的successfully十三、其它必背单词 1. abroad 国外2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.) 3. accept 承受)
9、4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶尔的,accidentally adv. 偶尔地) 5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得)6. address地址7. admire敬佩 8. admit成认(admitted)9. agreement 协议 10. agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的)industry 工业(industrial工业的)11. altogether总共12. ancient 古代的 13. announce宣告、通知 announcement ( n. 口头通知) 14. anxie
10、ty 忧虑 (anxious adj. 着急的,anxiously adv. 着急地) 15. apologize v. 致歉 (apology n. 致歉)16. appear 出现(appearance 外貌 n.)disappear消逝/不见17. appreciate感谢/观赏 (感谢人用thank sb;谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.) 18. Asian(亚洲的) 19. assistant 助手 20. astonish惊讶 (astonishment n. 惊讶,astonishing令惊讶的,astonished惊讶的) 21. astronaut 宇航员 2
11、2. atmosphere气氛 23. attempt尝试 (n / v) attempt to do sth24. attentively 用心地 25. attention 用心pay attention to doing sth26. attitude 看法 27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力) 28. average平均 / 平均的on average平均30. balance平衡 keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful, beautifully )beautify美化32. believe
12、信任 (belief n. 信念,其复数是beliefs)33. beyond超过 34. biology生物35. birthday生日 36. bravery 英勇brave英勇的 bravely英勇地37.broad宽敞的 38. broadcast播送(broadcast ; broadcast;) 39. care 关切 careful 当心的 carefully当心地 40. ceiling天花板 41. cinema电影院 42. celebrate庆贺 43. celebration 庆贺n. 44. century 世纪 45. challenge 挑战46. charact
13、er 性格 47. charge收费 be charge of / take charge of 管理48. comfort v. & n. 劝慰comfortable 舒适的adj. comfortably adv.舒适地50. comment 评论51. communicate (vt)communication (n) 沟通 52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者) 53. composition 作文 54. concert 音乐会55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论 56. condition状况 (
14、conditions条件) 57. concern 关切(vt) 58. congratulations 庆贺 (congratulate v.) 59. constant 不断的 constantly 不断地60. construction(建立)61. continue接着 62. contribution 奉献(contribute v.)make contributions to 对做出奉献63. convenient (adj.) 便利的conveniently便利地 64. conversation 谈话65. coughing咳嗽66. cousin表兄弟 67. cruel的
15、(adj. cruelly 残酷地adv.) 68. curious 新奇的 (curiosity n. 新奇) 69. culture(cultural文化的adj.)70. customer 顾客 72. custom风俗 73. destroy消灭 (其过去式是destroyed)74. declare声称 75. delicious 美味76. damage损坏77. determined 有决心的 be determined to do sth 决心做某事 78. develop开展 (development n.developing 开展中的,developed兴旺的) 79. d
16、ialogue 对话 80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品) 81. difference 不同点 (复数differences)different不同的differently 不同地differ from be different from make differences82. disappointed悲观的 (disappointing 让人悲观的)83. disappointment 悲观 84. discovery 发觉 (复数discoveries,动词discover,发觉者discoverer)85. disturb打搅86. dollar美元 (其复数是dollar
17、s) 87. downstairs楼下upstairs楼上 88. dream幻想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt) 89. electricity电 (electrical电的,electric 电的) 90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主, employee雇员) 91. empty倒空 (可用动词,其过去式是emptied) 92. encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事93. energy能量94.
18、envelope 信封 95. envy n. 嫉妒 96. equal(同等的) equality同等97. equipment设备98. especially 尤其是99. essential(重要的)100. European 欧洲人 101. event事务107. expert 专家102. excellent极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)104. exhibition展览 105. expense 消耗expensive 昂贵的106. experience 阅历/经验 (experienced 有阅历的)an unusual experie
19、nce一次不同寻常的经验have much experience阅历丰富108. express (vt) 表达 expression(n) 138. impress 印象 impression (n.)109. failv.失败 failuren.失败 fail to do sth 没做成某事110. familiar(熟识的) be familiar to /with 112. favorite 最宠爱的 flexible 敏捷的113. figure人物/数字 114. finger手指 115. flight飞行 116. forehead前额 117. foreign(外国的) 11
20、8. fortunate幸运的fortunately幸运地 unfortunately不幸运地119. forward向前120. freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的) 121. frequently 常常地122. furniture 家具 123.far 远的 further进一步的 124. generally 也许 generally speaking 一般来说 125. geography地理126. Germany德国 127. government政府 128. gradual 渐渐的gradually渐渐地 129. graduation毕业 (graduate
21、from毕业于 )130. grammar语法 131. habit习惯form a habit of 养成习惯 132. handkerchief 手绢) 133. honest诚恳的honesty 诚恳 134. honor/honour 荣誉 135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.) 136. immediate (马上的) immediately立刻(adv)139. incident小事务 140. including包括 (include v.) 141independent 独立的 142. industry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的
22、) 143. information 信息 144. instrument 仪器145. institute学院146. inspire鼓励 (inspiration n. inspiring鼓舞人心的, inspired受鼓舞的)147. interest 爱好 interesting有爱好的 be interested in对感爱好148. interrupt 打断150. introduce介绍 (introduction n.) 151. regular规则的irregular 不规则的 152. journey旅程 153. judge推断 (judgment) judging fr
23、om 依据来推断154. kindergarten幼儿园 155. knowledge 学问 156. labor/labour劳动 157. late 迟的late1y最近 158. laugh笑 laughter笑声 159. law法律lawyer律师legal合法的illegal非法的160. library 图书馆librarian图书馆理员 161. lose掉失,(lost ,lost) loss损失 n.162. luck 幸运 lucky幸运的luckily幸运地 163. magazine杂志 164. majority (大多数) 166. manage 设法 (mana
24、ger经理, management管理)manage to do 设法做到.167. market(市场)supermarket超市168. marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚,married已婚的)get married to 与某人结婚169. material(s)材料) 171. mayor市长 172. mean (意味、准备)meaning 意义 meaningful 有意义的173. measure测量take measures 实行措施174. medal 奖章 (比拟:model 模型 metal 金属) 175. memory记忆力 (memorize v.
25、记住,remember 记得) 176. message 口信 178. modern现代的 179. modest虚心的180. monitor 班长181. moustache 胡子 182. murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)183. music 音乐 musical音乐的musician 音乐家 184. mysterious 神奇的 (mystery 神奇) 185. nationality国籍(nation 国家,national国家的) 186. nature 自然natural自然的) 187. naughty 调皮的 188.) normal 正常的190. nec
26、essary 必要it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人有必要做某事191. obey (遵守)break 违背192. obvious 明显的obviously 明显地193. offer主动供应)offer to do sth主动做某事194. operate动手术operation手术195. opportunity 时机(=chance)196. ordinary 一般的197. organize/organise(组织)organization组织198. particularly 特殊是199. passenger 旅客200. problem难题
27、question问题201. patience耐性patient耐性的;病人(patiently耐性地) 203. perfect 完备(的) (perfectly)Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧 204. perform (表演)205. perhaps 或许206. period 时期 207. permit 答应 vt permission答应 n 208. persuaded(劝服) 209. phenomenon 现象phenomena 现象(复数) 210. physicist 物理学家211. pilot (飞行员) 212. poisonous 有毒的
28、(poison) 213. political 政治的 (politics)214. popular受欢送的215. population人口216. position 职位 217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的) 218. poverty 贫困n (poor贫困的 ) 220. practice理论practical (可施行的,实际的) 221. prepare(准备)preparation222. press 压/按pressure(压力) 223. pretend假装 pretend to do sth 假装做某事224. professor
29、教授 225. profit 利润226. progress进步 make good progress进步很大227. pronounce发音pronunciation (n.发音)228. provide 供应 (比拟: supply/ provide sb with sthoffer sb sth供应某人某物,229. public 公众230. purpose目的on purpose有意地231. quality质量/素养232. quantity(数量 233. realize (实现vt)realityn.现实234. receive 收到 235. recently(最近= lat
30、ely) 236. recycle( 循环再用) 237. recognize 认出 238. regards 问候 give my regards to sb请带我向某人问候239. remind提示 remind sb of sth 提示某人某物240. repeat vt.重复(repetitionn.重复) 241. respect敬重 242. restaurant 餐馆 244. satisfaction满足 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying) 246. Saturday(星期六) 247. scientific 科学的 248. scientific
31、科学的 249. secretary秘书 250. secretly (隐私地)251. separately单独地252. separate (单独的adj、分开vt)253. serious 严峻的 (seriously) 254. serve (v) service (n)效劳 255. shortcoming缺点256. silence 宁静 (silent宁静的-silently宁静地) 257. succeed (vi) 成功success (n) 成功 successful (adj) 成功的 successfully (adv)Succeed in doing sth 成功做某
32、事(=be successful to do sth)258. similar 类似的 (similarity ies相像之处) 259. situation形势/状况260. slightly(略微) 261. society 社会 (social adj. 社会的) 262. southern(南方的)northern北方的 western 西方的eastern 东方的263. special特殊的 264. species 物种 (单复数同形)265. spring春天266. square 平方267. steal stole -stolen(偷)268. straight(直的)26
33、9. suit适宜suitable适宜的 270. support支持/支撑 support the family养家糊口271. surprise惊讶 to ones surprise使某人惊讶的是be surprised at 对.感到惊讶272. surround 包围surrounding四周的surroundings环境 273. swimming(游泳n.)276. temperature温度 284. umbrella(雨伞)274. technique 技术 (technical adj. 技术的) 275. technology技术277. theory 理论in theor
34、y理论上278. thirst 渴n thirsty口渴的adj 279. thorough 彻底的 280. total合计 281. traffic 交通traffic jam 塞车282. translate翻译translation 翻译translator翻译家283. interpret 讲解, interpreter 口语翻译) 286. usual平常的 unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地 287. unwilling 不情愿 (willing adj. 情愿 will n. 意志) be willing to do 情愿做290. vacation假期(=holiday )291. various各种各样的 (varietyn. 种类) 292. victim受害者 293. victory成功 294. vocabulary词汇295. voyage航行 296. waste (奢侈) Its a waste to do sth 做某事时一种奢侈297. wealth财宝 298. weather天气 whether是否299. whisper 低语 300. worship崇拜