自考英语二复习笔记总汇.docx

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1、英语(二)最常考的语法工程包括:动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、比较级、语序、主谓一样、强调句、根本句型。* 最常考的时态:如今完成时、过去完成时、过去时、一般如今时和将来完成时。* 最常考的非谓语动词:独立构造、动名词作某些动词的宾语、非谓语动词作定语和状语。* 最常考的虚拟语气:及过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句和主句。* 最常考的定语从句:where 引导的定语从句、名词/代词+ of + which引导的定语从句。* 名词性从句:what, whether 引导的主语或宾语从句、that 引导的同位语从句。* 状语从句:now that, in tha

2、t, in case, as, while 引导的状语从句。哪些词最有可能考单词拼法严格来说,只要是考纲中包括的词都有可能出如今单词拼法大题中,但是从历年考题可以看出,某些词的命中率要高于其它词,有些词甚至反复考过,这说明考生在背单词的时候还是可以在全面覆盖的根底之上突出重点、进步效率的。在这里我们不行能一一罗列重要的词汇,下面是我总结的英语(二)常考单词的特点:* 绝大部分是长度在5-8个字母之间的中等难度的词,如:victim, gesture等;* 拼法和读音不完全对称的词,如:dumb, subtle等。* 个别特别简洁、但课文中不是很常见的名词,如:tube.* 从词性上来看,最常考

3、的依次是名词、形容词、动词、和副词。在复习这些单词时,肯定要以考试大纲为准,而不能只背教材后面的生词表。一方面,教材后面的生词表中包含了不少超刚词,完全不会考到;另一方面,对英语(二)来说,从下册教材生词表中出的单词只占三分之一,不行能涵盖全部要考的内容。同样在复习时肯定要讲究精确性,确保背一个记准一个,而不能只是记个也许,最终写出来每个都差不多但每个都有错。复习建议针对上述预料,我们如何制定冲刺阶段的复习方案呢下面是我举荐的三步复习法。1.第一步,应当抽出半个月到二十天的时间,把书上可能考到的内容好好地总结一下。课文中涉及的重要的语法现象,如带虚拟语气、独立主格的句子,接动名词作宾语的动词,

4、倒装句,强调句,what, that, whether引导的从句等,最好都分类摘抄下来。2.做完好理工作后,应当进入下一步,即通过肯定量的模拟训练来熟识考试题型、进步实战实力。模拟训练应留意以下几点:(1) 做题时,肯定要独立完成。不管做题的过程多么困难,都要硬着头皮去做,只有这样才能在考场上发挥自如。(2)保持肯定的频率也很重要。至少一周应当完成两套题,否那么达不到强化的效果。(3)刚好总结。假如做完几套题后反复出现同样的错误,肯定要请老师对相关内容作具体的讲解,并针对性地多做稳固练习,直到问题得到真正的解决。(4)做完十套左右的模拟题后,应当再做几套最近几年的真题。这时你可以对自己的实际程

5、度有一个比较精确的估计。哪些方面是你的特长,哪些方面还存在薄弱环节,并利用最终一两周的时间来进展弥补。(5)除了做题,这三个月期间应当每天坚持的是背单词。每天抽出半个小时至一个小时,把大纲词汇包括后面的词组至少从头至尾完好地过一遍,有可能考拼法的重点单词要动笔抄写,常用活用的词要记搭配,简洁混淆的词放在一起进展比较。3.最终一周的总复习。考试前的最终一周应当再来一次全面的总复习。复习内容包括第一步中抄下来的课文中的重点句子、第二步作题时纪录下来的常出错的语法项,重点的单词,和总结出来的答题技巧。假如还有时间,也可以把最终做过的真题再做一遍。信任经过细心的方案和充分的打算,此刻的你肯定成竹在胸,

6、胜券在握了。(二)重点语法学问讲解 动词的时态和语态一览表 时态语态一般如今时 一般过去时 一般将来时 主动被动 do are done did were done will do will be done 如今进展时 过去进展时 将来进展时 主动被动 are doing are being done were doing were being done will be doing 如今完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 主动 被动 have done have been done had done had been done will have done will have been done

7、如今完成进展时 主动 被动 have been doing 转自学易网学易网1.1 如今完成时发生在过去的动作始终持续到如今,或对如今仍有影响。转自学易网如今完成时的标记: so far, by now/ up to now,for three years, since 1995, in the past two decades1.2 过去完成时过去的过去。1)said, reported, thought 等引导的间接引语中。He missed the train.He said he had missed the train.2)hardlywhen, no sooner than句型中表

8、示先发生的动作No sooner had he got up than he received the call.3)及过去事实相反的虚拟语气中If I had tried harder, I would have won.转自学易网I wish I had done better in the exam.1.3 完成进展时从过去始终持续到如今,没有连续。汉语提示语:始终The water has been running the whole night.1.4 过去时过去某一具体时间发生的事,不考虑及如今的关系。过去时的标记:yesterday, in 1995, last week,in

9、the nineteenth century,five years ago 等等。三2.非谓语动词 2.1 非谓语动词一览表非谓语动词 形式 意义 如今分词 一 般 式 doing 主动 , 正在进展 被 动 式 being done 被动 , 正在进展 完成主动式 having done 主动 , 已经完成 完成被动式 having been done 被动 , 已经完成 过去分词 done 被动 , 已经完成 动词不定式 一 般 式 to do 主动 , 将要进展 被 动 式 to be done 被动 , 将要进展 完成主动式 to have done 主动 , 已经完成 进展主动式 t

10、o be doing 主动 , 正在进展2.2. 非谓语动词作状语动词不定式:1)目的状语;2)结果状语I came here to meet you. (目的)He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. (结果)分词:1) 伴随状语;2)缘由状语;3)条件状语 4)让步状语;5)时间状语Walking along the street, he met his old friend. (时间)Being very tired, my father didnt go out with us. (缘由)Made by hand, t

11、he silk shirt is very expensive. (缘由)Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball. (条件)2.3 非谓语动词,状语从句和独立构造1) Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分词作状语)2) After having done their homework, the children began to play. (连词+分词)3) After they had done their homework, the chil

12、dren began to play. (状语从句)4) With homework done, the children began to play. (独立构造)四2.4 非谓语动词作定语 1) If there is no choice, there is no decision _ (make)。 (to be made)2) Do you know the man _ ( stand) in front of the house (standing)3) The question _ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being

13、discussed)4) The bridge _ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition. (built)2.5 动名词和动词不定式作主语和表语动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的状况;动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的状况。Rising early is good for health.To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.My biggest wish is to go abroad.Seeing i

14、s believing.作宾语接动名词作宾语的动词:admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, finish, include, involve, mind, put off, postpone, suggest, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be accustomed to, etc.接动词不定式作宾语的动词:want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be

15、 supposed to, seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词:1) forget, remember, regret2) stop, continue3) need/ want4) allow doing/ allow sb to do(1) How can I forget meeting you for the first timeSorry, I forgot to lock the door.(2) I cant stop l

16、aughing. Can you stop to give me a hand(3) The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.(4) We dont allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.五3.虚拟语气 第一大类:非真实条件下的虚拟语气 时间 从句 主句 及如今事实相反 did/ were should/could/would + do 及过去事实相反 had done should/could/would + have done 及将来事实相反 were to

17、do should do should/could/would + do If I were you, I would be happy to do it.If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier.If the job were to succeed, you should work harder.第二大类:从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气1) would rather + 从句2) wish + 从句3) if only + 从句4) as if/ as though + 从句5) Its time + 从句I woul

18、d rather you didnt tell me the story now.I would rather you had told me the story yesterday.第三大类:从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气,其中should可省略。1) suggest, propose, advise, move(动议), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等动词后接的宾语从句;2) suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requirement, reques

19、t, desire, preference等名词后的同位语从句;3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容词用在it is that句型中;4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引导的从句中。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.It is necessary t

20、hat the meeting (should) be put off.He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting.4.1 定语从句:限制性和非限制性定语从句引导定语从句1)关系代词(在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语):which, that, who, whom, whose2)关系副词(在定语从句中作状语):when, where, why, how名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句引导名词性从句:1)主从连词(不在从句中作任何成分):that, whether, if2

21、)连接代词(在从句中作主语、宾语、表语):what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever3)连接副词(在从句中作状语):when, where, why, how4.2 定语从句和同位语从句的区分定语从句对名词进展修饰限制,而同位语从句阐述的是名词的具体内容。从语法上看,that, which在定语从句中做主语或宾语,而同位语的引导词that不在从句中担当任何成分。1) The story (that) he told me may not be true. 定语从句2) The story that he has made a fortune

22、 may not be true. 同位语从句4.3 什么时候用介词+which 的形式假如定语从句缺主语或宾语,用that/ which 形式。假如定语从句缺状语,用介词+which形式。1) The place which I visited last week is very beautiful.2) The place in which I used to live is very beautiful.4.4 which 和 as 引导非限制性定语从句which 和 as 都能引导非限制性定语从句,修饰整个一句话。as有“正如的意思,而which没有。1) He is easy to get angry, which is well known. 他很简洁生气,这一点大家都知道。2) He is easy to get angry, as everybody knows. 正如大家都知道的那样,他很简洁生气。

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