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1、Unit 4 Dont eat in class.1. 祈使句的构成和用法概念：祈使句是用来表示恳求、吩咐、嘱咐、邀请、劝说等的句子。构造：祈使句一般以动词原形开头，句末用句号或感慨号。a) Do型祈使句确定构造：动词原形+宾语+其它否认构造：Dont+动词原形+宾语Open the door.开门Dont play soccer in the classroom.不要在教室里踢足球。b) Be型祈使句确定构造：Be+表语否认构造：Dont+be+表语Be careful next time!下次要细心！Dont be late for school.上学不要迟到。c) Let型祈使句确定构造
2、：Let+宾语+动词原形+其它否认构造：Dont+let+宾语+动词原形+其它 Lets not+动词原形+其它Lets go home.我们回家吧。Dont let him go shopping.不要让他去购物。d) No型祈使句构造：No+动词ing 或 No+名词。这种构造的祈使句一般用来表示制止。No talking制止讲话（=Dont talk=Stop talking）No photos制止拍照（=Dont take photos）2. 短语go out外出（消遣） You cant go out on school nights.在上学的晚上你不能出去（玩）。take out掏
3、出，取出 Please take out a piece of paper.请拿出一张纸。do the dishes=wash the dishes清洗餐具 Please wash the dishes after dinner.晚饭后请清洗餐具。think about sth考虑 Lets think about the fruit and vegetables.让我们考虑一下水果和蔬菜。have fun=have a good time玩得兴奋 Have fun.玩得快乐！ good luck(to sb)祝（某人）好运 Wish you good luck.=Good luck to y
4、ou.祝你好运。sb be lucky某人运气好 She is lucky.她运气好。wait for sb等待某人 I am waiting for you.我始终在等你。 arrive late for=be late for为而迟到 Dont arrive late for work.上班不要迟到。fight with sb和某人大家 Dont fight with your classmates. 不要和你的同学打架。make friends交挚友 I want to make friends with you.我想和你交挚友。make sure确信 Please make sure
5、he is at home.请确认他在家。make ones bed铺床 Every morning I must make my bed.每天早上我必需铺床。make noise制造噪音 Dont make noise.不要制造噪音。keep quiet=be quiet保持宁静 Keep quiet, please.请保持宁静。=Please keep quiet.keep healthy保持安康 Running can keep us healthy.跑步能保持我们安康。keep cool保持冷静 Keep cool, dont fight with him.保持冷静，不要和他打架。ke
6、ep up with跟上 You must keep up with other students.你必需跟上其他学生。3. rule规则(复数形式rules)family rules家规school rules校规follow the rules=obey the rules遵守规则break the rules违背规则make rules制定规则4. “到达”的用法表达get to+地方arrive in+大地方arrive at+小地方reach+地方get to school = reach school = arrive at school到达学校留意：home, there, he
7、re是副词，因此介词to、in、at要省略，如get home到家5. listen to、hear和sound辨析：两者都表示“听”的意思listen 有意识地听，但不确定听到什么，强调“听”这个动作，构造“listen+to+宾语”hear强调听的结果，“听见”。sound听起来，系动词+adj做表语He cant hear you because he is listening to music now.他听不见你，因为他正在听音乐。That sounds interesting.那听起来好玩。 6. time及相关短语表时间，不行数名词 What time is it now如今是什么
8、时间？（几点了？）time 表次数，可数名词 three times三次at the same time同时in time刚好on time 准时all the time始终，总是=alwaysfor the first time第一次at times有时，间或in the morning/in the afternoon/in the evening在早上/在下午/在晚上at noon=in the middle of the day在中午at night泛指在晚上on school days在上学的白天on school nights在上学的晚上7. wear、put on和get dre
9、ssed辨析wear表“穿着、戴着”的状态。 She is wearing a red dress today.她今日穿着一件红裙子。put on表“穿上、戴上”的动作 Please put on your coat. It is very cold outside.请穿上你的外套，外面很冷。get dressed 是 get +adj 的用法，dressed是一个过去分词充当形容词，意思是“穿好衣服的”=dress oneself8. have to和must辨析have to +动词原形，强调客观须要；否认形式dont have to不必must+动词原形，强调主观看法Because it
10、 is raining outside, I have to take an umbrella.因为外面正在下雨，我不得不带伞。You dont have to get up so early.你不必这么早起床。I must finish my homework before half past eight in the evening.我必需在晚上八点半之前完成我的家庭作业。9. bringto把带到来bringfrom从带来Please bring your English books to school.请把英语书带到学校来。I bring some bread from home.我从
11、家带来了一些面包。10. practice用法practice+名词 I must practice the guitar every day.我每天必需练习吉他。practice+动名词（V-ing）She practices playing the piano after dinner.她晚餐后练习弹钢琴。11. help用法help sb with sth/V-ing I must help my mom with housework.我必需扶植我妈妈做家务。 Can you help me with washing the dishes你能扶植我清洗餐具吗？help sb (to) d
12、o sth I need to help my students learn English.我须要扶植我的学生学习英语。12. too many，too much，much to用法辨析too many+可数名词复数，表示“太多”too much+不行数名词，表示“太多”much too+形容词/副词，表示“太”There are too many rules at school.学校有太多规则。He eats too much ice-cream他吃了太多冰激凌。His T-shirt is much too large.他的衬衫太大了。13. 正反义词小结interesting, fun
13、好玩的boring无聊的noisy吵闹的（noise噪音，不行数名词）quiet宁静的unimportant不重要的important重要的happy兴奋的unhappy不兴奋的sad难过的clean干净的dirty脏的big大的small小的long长的short短的tall高的short矮的new新的old老的，旧的fat胖的thin，slim瘦的outside在外面inside在里面friendly友好的unfriendly不友好的14. strict用法be strict with sb对某人要求严格be strict in sth对某事要求严格My father is very st
14、rict with me.我的父亲对我要求很严格。His mother is strict with everything.他的妈妈对全部事情都很严格。15. remember，forget用法 remember to do sth记得要做某事（事情还未做）Please remember to finish your homework.请记得做你们的家庭作业。remember doing sth记得做过某事（事情已做） I remember cleaning my room.我记得到扫过我的房间了。forget to do sth遗忘要做某事（事情还未做） I forget to bring
15、your books to school.我遗忘带你的书到学校了。forget doing sth遗忘做过某事（事情已做） I forget doing the dishes.我遗忘清洗过餐具了。16. look，see，watch和read用法辨析look强调看的动作 look at看，look for找寻，look after照看see强调看的结果，看见watch观看，凝视，尤其是动态的画面read读，阅读，常和book，magazine搭配Please look at the blackboard请看黑板。 I am looking for you.我正在找寻你。Please look
16、after my pet dog on weekends.请在周末照看我的宠物狗。I can see you.我能看见你。We want to watch the basketball game on Saturday.我们想在星期六观看篮球竞赛。I must read a book before I go to bed.在我上床睡觉之前，我必需看一本书。17. 句型 a) What do you think of=How do you like你认为怎么样？What do you think of this article=How do you like this article你认为这篇文
17、字怎么样？What does she think of Yueyang=How does she like Yueyang她认为岳阳怎么样？b) 感慨句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊异等情感。英语感慨句常用what和how引导，what和how与所修饰的词置于句首，其它局部用陈述句语序。 一、 由what引导的感慨句：what意为多么用作定语，修饰名词（被强调局部），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不行数名词前不用冠词。构造： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is). What a clever girl she is! 多么聪慧的姑娘呀！ Wha
18、t an interesting story it is! 多么好玩的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么美丽的花呀！ What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀！ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 二、 由how引导的感慨句：how意为多么，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调局部）。假如修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；假如how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。构造： How+adj.（adv.）+主语
19、+谓语+(it is). How cold it is today! 今日多么冷呀！ How nice the pictures are! 多么美丽的图画呀！ How happy they look! 他们显得多么兴奋呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！ 三、 在表示同一意义时，英语感慨既可用what引导，也可用how引导。 What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀！ What tall buildings they are!
20、How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀！ What bad weather it is! How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀！ What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么光明的阳光呀！ 四、 感慨句在表示激烈剧烈的感情时，口语中经常采纳省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。 What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ What an honest boy! 多么诚恳的孩子呀！ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！ How cool! 好凉爽呀！ How wonderful! 精彩极了！