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1、学习必备欢迎下载Unit 4 Don t eat in class. 1.祈使句的构成和用法概念:祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等的句子。结构:祈使句一般以动词原形开头,句末用句号或感叹号。a)Do 型祈使句肯定结构:动词原形+宾语 +其它否定结构: Don t+动词原形 +宾语Open the door.开门Don t play soccer in the classroom.不要在教室里踢足球。b)Be 型祈使句肯定结构: Be+表语否定结构: Don t+be+表语Be careful next time! 下次要细心!Don t be late for school.上学
2、不要迟到。c)Let 型祈使句肯定结构: Let+宾语 +动词原形 +其它否定结构: Don t+let+ 宾语 +动词原形 +其它Let s not+动词原形 +其它Let s go home.我们回家吧。Don t let him go shopping. 不要让他去购物。d)No 型祈使句结构: No+动词 ing 或 No+ 名词。这种结构的祈使句一般用来表示禁止。No talking 禁止讲话( =Don t talk=Stop talking )No photos 禁止拍照( =Don t take photos)2.短语go out 外出(娱乐)You can t go out
3、on school nights. 在上学的晚上你不能出去(玩)。take out 掏出,取出Please take out a piece of paper.请拿出一张纸。do the dishes=wash the dishes 清洗餐具Please wash the dishes after dinner.晚饭后请清洗餐具。think about sth 考虑Let s think about the fruit and vegetables. 让我们考虑一下水果和蔬菜。have fun=have a good time 玩得高兴Have fun.玩得开心!good luck(to sb
4、) 祝(某人)好运Wish you good luck.=Good luck to you.祝你好运。sb be lucky 某人运气好She is lucky.她运气好。wait for sb 等待某人I am waiting for you. 我一直在等你。arrive late for=be late for 为 而迟到Don t arrive late for work. 上班不要迟到。fight with sb 和某人大家Don t fight with your classmates. 不要和你的同学打架。make friends 交朋友I want to make friends
5、 with you. 我想和你交朋友。make sure确信Please make sure he is at home. 请确认他在家。make one s bed 铺床Every morning I must make my bed. 每天早上我必须铺床。make noise 制造噪音Don t make noise.不要制造噪音。keep quiet=be quiet 保持安静Keep quiet, please.请保持安静。 =Please keep quiet. keep healthy 保持健康Running can keep us healthy.跑步能保持我们健康。keep c
6、ool 保持冷静Keep cool, don t fight with him. 保持冷静,不要和他打架。keep up with 跟上You must keep up with other students. 你必须跟上其他学生。学习必备欢迎下载3.rule 规则 (复数形式 rules) family rules 家规school rules 校规follow the rules=obey the rules 遵守规则break the rules 违反规则make rules 制定规则4.“到达”的用法表达get to+地方arrive in+ 大地方arrive at+ 小地方reac
7、h+地方get to school = reach school = arrive at school 到达学校注意: home, there, here是副词,因此介词to、 in、at 要省略,如get home 到家5.listen to 、hear 和 sound辨析:两者都表示“听”的意思listen 有意识地听,但不一定听到什么,强调“听”这个动作,结构“listen+to+宾语”hear 强调听的结果,“听见”。sound 听起来,系动词+adj 做表语He can t hear you because he is listening to music now. 他听不见你,因为
8、他正在听音乐。That sounds interesting.那听起来有趣。6.time 及相关短语表时间,不可数名词What time is it now? 现在是什么时间?(几点了?)time 表次数,可数名词three times 三次at the same time 同时in time 及时on time 准时all the time 一直,总是 =always for the first time 第一次at times 有时,偶尔in the morning/in the afternoon/in the evening在早上 /在下午 /在晚上at noon=in the mid
9、dle of the day 在中午at night 泛指在晚上on school days 在上学的白天on school nights 在上学的晚上7.wear、put on和 get dressed 辨析wear 表“穿着、戴着”的状态。She is wearing a red dress today.她今天穿着一件红裙子。put on 表“穿上、戴上”的动作Please put on your coat. It is very cold outside. 请穿上你的外套,外面很冷。get dressed 是 get +adj 的用法, dressed是一个过去分词充当形容词,意思是“
10、穿好衣服的 ” =dress oneself 学习必备欢迎下载8.have to和 must辨析have to +动词原形,强调客观需要;否定形式don t have to 不必must+动词原形,强调主观看法Because it is raining outside, I have to take an umbrella. 因为外面正在下雨,我不得不带伞。You don t have to get up so early.你不必这么早起床。I must finish my homework before half past eight in the evening.我必须在晚上八点半之前完成
11、我的家庭作业。9.bringto把带到来bringfrom从带来Please bring your English books to school. 请把英语书带到学校来。I bring some bread from home. 我从家带来了一些面包。10. practice用法practice+名词I must practice the guitar every day. 我每天必须练习吉他。practice+动名词( V-ing) She practices playing the piano after dinner. 她晚餐后练习弹钢琴。11. help 用法help sb with
12、 sth/V-ing I must help my mom with housework. 我必须帮助我妈妈做家务。Can you help me with washing the dishes? 你能帮助我清洗餐具吗?help sb (to) do sth I need to help my students learn English. 我需要帮助我的学生学习英语。12. too many,too much ,much to用法辨析too many+可数名词复数,表示“太多”too much+不可数名词,表示“太多”much too+形容词 /副词,表示“太”There are too m
13、any rules at school. 学校有太多规则。He eats too much ice-cream 他吃了太多冰激凌。His T-shirt is much too large. 他的衬衫太大了。13. 正反义词小结interesting, fun 有趣的boring 无聊的noisy 吵闹的(noise 噪音,不可数名词)quiet 安静的unimportant 不重要的important 重要的happy 高兴的unhappy 不高兴的sad伤心的clean 干净的dirty 脏的big 大的small 小的long 长的short 短的tall 高的short 矮的new 新
14、的old 老的,旧的fat 胖的thin,slim 瘦的outside 在外面inside 在里面friendly 友好的unfriendly 不友好的14. strict 用法be strict with sb 对某人要求严格be strict in sth 对某事要求严格My father is very strict with me.我的父亲对我要求很严格。His mother is strict with everything. 他的妈妈对所有事情都很严格。学习必备欢迎下载15. remember,forget用法remember to do sth 记得要做某事(事情还未做)Plea
15、se remember to finish your homework. 请记得做你们的家庭作业。remember doing sth 记得做过某事(事情已做)I remember cleaning my room. 我记得到扫过我的房间了。forget to do sth 忘记要做某事(事情还未做)I forget to bring your books to school. 我忘记带你的书到学校了。forget doing sth 忘记做过某事(事情已做)I forget doing the dishes. 我忘记清洗过餐具了。16. look,see ,watch 和 read 用法辨析
16、look 强调看的动作look at 看, look for 寻找, look after 照顾see强调看的结果,看见watch 观看,注视,尤其是动态的画面read 读,阅读,常和book,magazine 搭配Please look at the blackboard 请看黑板。I am looking for you. 我正在寻找你。Please look after my pet dog on weekends. 请在周末照顾我的宠物狗。I can see you.我能看见你。We want to watch the basketball game on Saturday. 我们想在
17、星期六观看篮球比赛。I must read a book before I go to bed. 在我上床睡觉之前,我必须看一本书。17. 句型a)What do you think of?=How do you like ?你认为 怎么样?What do you think of this article?=How do you like this article?你认为这篇文字怎么样?What does she think of Yueyang?=How does she like Yueyang? 她认为岳阳怎么样?b)感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what
18、 和how引导, what 和how 与所修饰的词置于句首,其它部分用陈述句语序。一、由what 引导的感叹句:what 意为 多么 用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。结构:what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is). What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀! What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀! What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀! What beautiful flower
19、s they are! 多么漂亮的花呀! What delicious food it is! 多么有味的食物呀! What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀!二、由how 引导的感叹句:how 意为 多么 ,用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分)。如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how 修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。结构:How+adj.(adv.)+主语 +谓语+(it is). How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀! How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀! How happy they look
20、! 他们显得多么高兴呀! How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀! How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀!学习必备欢迎下载三、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用what 引导,也可用how 引导。 What a hot day it is! How hot the day is ! 多么热的天气呀! What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀! What bad weather it is! How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀! What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀!四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。 What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀! What an honest boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀! What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀! How cool! 好凉快呀! How wonderful! 精彩极了!