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1、人教版高中英语必修五复习资料Units 1-21. doubtdoubt是高考中的高频考察词汇。doubt可作动词和名词，是新课标重点词汇。其命题角度为：作动词时，若为确定句，后跟宾语从句,通常用if/whether引导，若为否认句，则通常用that引导。doubt作名词时，通常用于There is no doubt that .(毫无疑问）构造。2010年高考对doubt的考察还将集中在其后跟从句时连接词的选择上，也有可能将doubt及其他动词或名词放在一起进展词义辨析。2. exposeexpose是新课标要求驾驭的单词，应重点驾驭它的义项及常见用法，特殊是be exposed to 句式
2、，其中to为介词，后跟名词、代词和动名词；同时留意exposed to作后置定语和用于句首作状语的用法。另外，being exposed to构造用动名词形式作主语也是重点和难点，极易考察。 预料2010年命题方向为 exposed to 作状语和定语的用法。3. absorbabsorb是新课标重点单词，重点驾驭其“汲取（液体，热）；汲取，理解（学问）”的词义及其be absorbed in(全神贯注于)的用法，易考点为该短语位于句首作状语和作后置定语两点，考生应能驾驭be absorbed by(为某事物所吸引)；还应联络be engaged in, be devoted to, be i
3、nvolved in和be lost in等常见重点近义短语。4. apart fromapart from是常见介词短语，意为“除之外”，考生应娴熟驾驭近义的词和短语： except, besides, in addition (to), other than, except for, except that, except when等。预料2010年高考会在单项填空题中干脆考察或者会出如今阅读理解题中。5. availableavailable是新课标重点单词，在近几年高考和各地的模拟考试中出现的频率极高，主要考点为：词义(可得到的，可用的)。 命题形式常为形容词词义辨析，如区分acces
4、sible, acceptable, sensible, favourite, average, convenient 等。用法。be available to意为“可利用的”，be available for意为“使可以享受某物;使买得起某物 ”, 要理解二者的区分。预料2010年高考命题会以考察词义或者形容词短语作后置定语为命题方向。6. consist ofconsist of是近几年高考高频考察短语。理解其词义“组成，构成”。考察及其他近义词组的用法异同点。如be made up of, be composed of, constitute, be formed of 等。考生要特殊留
5、意consist of要用主动形式表达，不用系表构造。预料这一考点将成为2010年高考考察的重点，特殊是用consisting of 作后置定语。7. break down由break构成的动词短语是历年高考命题的重点。考生必需明确break down的几个常见义项，依据不同的语境加以推断。break down，break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它们的常见义项，因为命题时可能会对该短语干脆考察，也可在短文中考察对其意义的理解。8. only+状语（状语从句）位于句首构成局部倒装这是考生必需娴熟驾驭的句式之一，以往的高考题中已屡次
6、考察到。倒装句式有多种状况，该句式为日常交际中较常见的一种。特殊提示：only只有强调状语或者状语从句才构成局部倒装，强调主语或宾语不用倒装。预料该句式是2010年高考命题考察的重点。重要词汇拓展Unit 1 Great scientists1. _ n. 特征；特性2. _ vt.&vi. 完毕；推断出_ n. 结论 3. _ vt. 战胜；战胜；使受挫4. _ vt. 参与；出席；照看；护理_ n. 参与；出席；侍从；看护5. _ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光_ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭露6. _ vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈 _adj.可治愈的_ vt.& n. 限制；支配 8. _ vt. 汲
7、取；吸引；运用心 _adj. 被汲取的；全神贯注的9. _ adj. 严峻的；严厉的；猛烈的characteristic 2. conclude；conclusion 3. defeat 4. attend；attendance5. expose；exposure 6. cure；curable 7. control 8. absorb； absorbed 9. severe10. _ vt. 宣布；通告 _n. 宣布；宣告；通知11. _ vt. 吩咐；指示；教化_ adj.有教化意义的；有指导意义的 _n.指导；指示；指令 _ n. 教师；讲师；指导员12. _ vt.&vi. 捐献；奉献
8、；捐助_n.奉献；奉献13. _ adj. 有创建力的；创建性的；独创的_n.创建；创作14. _ adj. 热忱的；热心的_ n. 热心；热忱15. _ adj.当心的；慎重的_n.当心；慎重；慎重16. _ vt. 回绝；不承受；丢弃；抛弃17. _ vt. 建立；构造；创立_n.建立；建筑；构造18. _vt.分析_n.分析19. _ vt. 污染；弄脏_ n. 污染10.announce;announcement1 11.instruct；instructive；instructioninstructor12. contribute；contribution 13. creative；
9、creation14. enthusiastic；enthusiasm 15. cautious；caution 16. reject17. construct; construction 18. analyse; analysis 19. pollute; pollution1. put _ 提出2. _ a conclusion 得出结论3. in _ 另外 4. _ to an end完毕5. _ .to .将和连接起来 6. _ from 除之外7. be _ with 对严格的 8. lead _导致；通向 9. make _ 有道理；有意义；讲得通 10. _ of view 看法
10、；观点11. be _ to 暴露于12. be _ in 全神贯注于13. _ into 调查14. be _ /_ 支持/反对forward 2. draw 3. addition 4. come 5. link 6. apart 7.strict 8. to 9. sense 10. point 11. exposed 12. absorbed 13. look 14. for/against重点短语梳理 1. _ its cause _ its cure was understood.人们不但不知道它的病源，也不理解它的治疗方法。2. So many thousands of terr
11、ified people died _ _ there was an outbreak.每次爆发（霍乱）时，都有大批惊慌的老百姓死去。3. John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ _.约翰斯诺建议全部的水源都要经过检测。4. _ _ you put the sun there _ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清晰。1. Neither; nor 2. every t
12、ime 3. be examined 4. Only if; did重点句型再现1. John Snow defeats “King Cholera”.约翰斯诺战胜“霍乱王”。defeat意为“击败；战胜；使（支配，盼望）落空”。 defeat, conquer及overcome三个词都含有“战胜”、“击败”的意思。 defeat 指“赢得成功”, 尤其指军事上的成功, 如defeat the enemy(战胜敌人); conquer指“折服;战胜”,尤其指获得对人、物或感情的限制,如conquer nature（折服自然）；overcome指“战胜；压倒；克制”，尤其指“感情”, 如over
13、come difficulties （克制困难）。【易混辨析】选词填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win）By not working hard enough you _ your own purpose.Some countries may be _ but can never be _.Who is _ the drumHe _ the first prize in the writing contest.【答案】defeated defeated; conquered beating won defeat, beat及win defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战
14、胜,战胜(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如beat the competitor/the country/the team .战胜对手/国家/队I can beat/defeat you at swimming.我游泳能赛过你。He was defeated/beaten at chess.他下象棋输了。win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但它的宾语通常是竞赛、斗争、奖品或表敬重、崇拜之类意义的词。如win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/success/friendship/reward .赢得赛跑/战役/斗争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/成
15、功/友情/奖赏高手过招2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要扶植（那些）受到霍乱威逼的一般百姓，他就感到很激昂。exposed to cholera在句中是过去分词短语作后置定语，表示被动，修饰people，相当于定语从句which were exposed to cholera 意为“患霍乱的”。expose意为“暴露；揭露；使曝光”，常及介词to连用，表示“使暴露于（日光、风雨等）；受到风险；使面临”。常见构造：expose sth.
16、/sb./oneself (to .) 显露或暴露be exposed to暴露于高手过招用expose的适当形式填空In summer, _ the sun can be very harmful to your skin.The soil was washed away by the flood, _ bare rock. 【答案】being exposed to exposing3. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们不但不知道它的病源，也不理解它的治疗方法。cure vt.&n. 治愈，治疗法；常用于cure sb. of
17、.构造中。 cure, treat, heal及recovercure意为“治疗；治愈”，多用于指药物治疗并治愈某种疾病或改正不良习气。treat为日常用语，意为“治疗；医治”，指治疗病人的全过程或活动。heal意为“治愈（伤口）； 医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤后的部位，使伤口愈合，不用于指治疗感冒等疾病。recover意为“痊愈,复原”，主要是指从病中痊愈了，常及from连用。That will cure him of his bad habits. 那将改正他的坏习惯。There are only two doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有两名医
18、生来治疗50多个病人。The wound on my arm has healed. 我胳膊上的伤已痊愈了。Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold. 他如今已完全从重感冒中康复了。【易混辨析】完成句子Penicillin _ _ _ his pneumonia. 盘尼西林治好了他的肺炎。After the accident, the lorry driver _ _ for cuts and bruises.事故后卡车司机的擦伤得到了治疗。The cut on his finger _ quickly.他手指上的伤口很快愈合了。【答案】cured h
19、im ofwas treatedhealed高手过招4. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。suggest vt. 示意；说明(陈述语气)；建议（suggest doing; suggest thatclause）His attitude suggested that he was not interested in it at all.他的看法说明他对此一点也不感爱好。I suggested tha
20、t he (should) adapt himself to his new conditions. 我建议他应当适应新的状况。absorb意为“汲取；吸引；运用心；合并；吞并”，常见构造：absorb ones attention 吸引某人的留意力be absorbed in sth. 用心于某事be absorbed by/into 被吞并；为所汲取 Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聪慧的孩子驾驭学问很简单。Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body. 阿司匹林很快被身体汲取了。He is ab
21、sorbed in his business. 他用心致志地处理事务。Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.大多数小商店已被并入大公司。完成句子 _ _ _ _ _ _, the man walked into a wall. 那个人看报纸太入神撞到了墙上。They were _ _ _ _ _ the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.他们全神贯注地看着电视里的表演，舍不得分开。【答案】Deeply absorbed in the news
22、paper so deeply absorbed in watching 高手过招6. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 病从胃里发作而快速殃及全身，患者很快就会死去。ffect vt.意为“影响；作用于”，常常表示某种变更，对象是人时，可指思想或感情上的变更。 affect, effect 及influenceaffect 及 effect 均可表示“影响”，其区分是：前者是动词(及物)，主要指一时的影响，着重指影响的动作，可指一般意义的影响(不分
23、好坏)，也可指不良影响；后者是名词(可数或不行数)，两者的关系大致为：affecthave an effect on。留意：effect 有时虽用作及物动词，但不表示“影响”，而表示“实现”或“产生”等。influence 表示“影响”，主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作及物动词或名词(通常不行数，但有时可及不定冠词连用)。【易混辨析】完成句子We are interested in the weather because it _ _ _ /_ _ _ _ _ (对我们有干脆影响)what we wear, what we do, and even how we f
24、eel. 【答案】affects us directly/has direct effects on us6. It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。blame v. 责怪，指责；把归咎于blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 为某事责怪某人He blamed you for the neglect of duty.他责怪你玩忽职守。blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人The police blamed the traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.警察把
25、那起交通事故归咎于杰克的马虎驾驶。be to blame (for) 应（为）担当责任；该（为）受责怪。留意：此处不能用被动语态。blame n. 抱怨，责怪；责任take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任lay/put the blame on sb. 把某事归咎于某人 单项填空We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife _that for their sons bad performance at school.A. are to blame B. is to the blamed C. are to be blamed D. i
26、s to blame【解析】选D。句意为：我们觉得对于孩子在学校的不好表现，除了杰克的妻子外，杰克也有责任。be to blame是习惯表达方式，要用主动形式表示被动含义。.单词拼法 1. This new e_ for the car works well.2. She has a strong c_.3. The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s_ farming.4. The doctor had my eyes e_ for weakening.5. He b_ me for my neg
27、ligence(忽略大意).6. He finished his work in a _ (主动的) way.7. We must try to _ (分析)the causes of the strike.8. He became _ (狂热的) about classical music.9. He has _ (完成)the whole job already.10. Be _（慎重） when you cross the street.【答案】1. engine 2. character 3. scientific 4. examined 5. blamed6.positive 7.
28、analyse 8. enthusiastic 9. completed 10. cautiousII. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1. John Snow told the story about the_ (astonish) people in Broad Street.2. Dont drink _ (pollute) water, because it carries the disease.3. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party couldnt come.4. There is a car _ (park) outside t
29、he house.5. We were _ (inspire) by the _ (inspire) news.6. Why are you looking so _ (disappoint)7. Thousands of _ (terrify) people died.【答案】1. astonished 2. polluted 3. invited 4. parked5. inspired；inspiring 6. disappointed 7. terrified III. 翻译句子1. 不要在太阳下晒得太久，你会被晒伤的。(sunburn)2. 有组织的旅行就是由某人或某机构组织的旅行。
30、3. 到了那时他才意识到造成的损失有多大。4. 每当他遇到困难，他就会想起他的妈妈。（every time）5. 正在建立的那幢摩天大楼比去年建的那幢还要高。【答案】1. Dont expose yourself to the sun for too long. You will get sunburned.2. An organized trip is one organized by someone or some organization.3. Only then did he realize how much damage had been caused.4. He would thi
31、nk of his mother every time he met with difficulties.5. The skyscraper being built is still higher than the one built last year.Unit 2 The United Kindom重要词汇拓展1. _ vt. 安排；分开_ adj. 分别的_n. 分别；分开2. _ n. 冲突；冲突3. _ n. 描写；描绘 _ vt. 描写；描绘4. _ v.组成；一样_ n.一样性；连接性_adj.一样的 5. _ vt.澄清；说明_ n.清晰；明晰；澄澈divide; divide
32、d; division 2. conflict 3. description; describe4. consist；consistence；consistent 5. clarify；clarity 重要词汇拓展6. _n.搜集；保藏品 _vt.& vi.搜集；募集_ adj.集体的7. _ n.便利；便利_ adj.便利的；便利的8. _ vt.使激烈；使胆战心惊_adj.激烈的_ adj.令人兴奋的 9. _ n.欢乐；兴奋；喜悦；vt.使欢乐；使欣喜_ adj.兴奋的_ adj.令人喜悦的10. _ vt. 吸引；引起留意_ n.吸引; 吸引力；吸引人的事物 _ adj.有吸引力的；迷
33、人的11. _ adj.壮美的；辉煌的；极好的12. _ n.塑像；雕像13. _ vt.筹备；支配；整理_ n.筹备；支配；整理14. _ n.错误；错误；过失6. collection；collect；collective 7. convenience；convenient8. thrill；thrilled；thrilling 9. delight；delighted；delightful10. attract; attraction; attractive 11. splendid 12. statue13. arrange；arrangement 14. error1. _ of 由
34、组成2._ .into 把分成3. leave _ 遗漏；删掉4. _ down 捣毁；（机器）出故障；分解；垮掉5. _ to 提及；参考6. for _ 为了便利7. _ close to 接近；几乎8. take the _ of 代替；取代 9. break _ from 摆脱（束缚）；脱离1. consist 2. divide 3. out 4. break 5. refer6. convenience 7. come 8. place 9. away重点短语梳理 1. There is _ _ to debate any more why different words are
35、used to describe the four countries.再也没有什么必要争辩为什么要用不同的词去描绘这四个国家了。2. The three countries _ _ _ peacefully instead of by war.这三个国家发觉自己并没有通过斗争就和平统一起来了。3. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism _ _ _ and died in London.这似乎很惊奇：这位开展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。no need 2. found themselves un
36、ited3. should have lived重点句型再现1. How many countries does the UK consist of英国是由几个国家（局部）组成的？consist of 组成；构成；由组成(后接of，用于主动语态)Our class consisted of fifty students at that time.当时我们班有50个学生。【联想拓展】consist vi. 符合；并存；一样 （及with连用）Theory should consist with practice. 理论应及理论相一样。在于，存在于（常及in连用）The beauty of Ven
37、ice consists in the style of its ancient building. 威尼斯的美在于其古建筑的风格。【易混辨析】comprise, compose, constitute及make up 这一组动词都有“组成，包含”的意思，不过comprise和constitute是及物动词，要用主动形式；而compose和make up则需后跟of, 用于系表构造中。Our companys product line comprises 2, 500 different items.我们公司的消费线是由2500个不同的组成局部构成的。Crime and illegal dru
38、gs constitute the citys major problems.犯罪和非法毒品买卖是这个城市面临的主要问题。The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委员会主要由教师和学生家长组成。 A car is made up of many different parts. 汽车由很多不同的零部件组成。 用适当的介词填空The United Nations Organization consists _ over 160 nations.Our greatest happiness consists _ servi
39、ng the people.Health doesnt consist _ smoking.【答案】ofinwith2. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.如今，只要有人提起英格兰，你就会发觉威尔士总是包括在内的。refer to 查阅;参考If you want to know his telephone number, you may refer to the telephone directory. 假设你想知道他的 号码，你可以查 簿。谈到;提到The old soldier referre
40、d to his experiences during the Long March. 老战士谈到了长征时的一些经验。 适用于;涉及These books refer to Asian problems. 这些书涉及亚洲问题。 把提交给;把托付给I dont want to refer this patient to an irresponsible doctor. 我不想把这个病人交给一个不负责的医生。 使向请教;使求助于 I referred her to Tom for further information. 我让她到汤姆那儿去询问详情。 把归功于He referred his suc
41、cess to the good education he had had. 他把他的成功归功于他所受的良好教化。 认为起源于The invention of the papermaking is referred to China. 造纸术起源于中国。 用括号内所给短语的适当形式填空 On Aids Day, the minister of the Health Department demanded the problems _ _ _ (refer to) paid special attention to.【答案】referred to (should) be 3. However,
42、the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. 然而，爱尔兰的南部却不情愿组建结合王国，它分别出去并建立了自己的政府。break away (from)突然逃掉或分开;断绝往来,脱离;改掉(旧习惯）break down (机器、车辆等)坏了；(支配、会谈等)失败；(谈话、通讯等)中断；(安康、精神等)变坏；垮掉break in 突然进来，强行进入；插嘴，打岔break into 强行进入;突然起来;打断，插嘴break off 停顿讲话;暂停;休息;(使)折断break out (火灾、斗争等)突然发生或爆发break through 打破;克制;折服;强行穿过/进入break up 解散;驱散;(学校等)放假;完毕;裂开;绝交用适当的介词或副词填空Thieves broke _ the house when the couple were watching TV.A quarrel broke _ between them.