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1、Unit8 Is there a post office near here话题:在街道上纹路并为别人指路教学目的:娴熟运用there be句型 学会用英语问路的表达方式,并可以给别人指路重点:there be句型 问路指路表达方式重点句型:-Are there any restaurants near here 这儿旁边有餐馆吗? -Yes, theres one in front of the post office. 是的,邮局的前面有一个。 -Where is the hotel 旅馆在哪里? -Its behind the police station. 它在警察局的后面。重点短语:
2、post office police station pay phone Bridge Street Center Street Long Street near here across from next to betweenand in front of excuse me far from go along turn right/left on the/ones right/left in my neighborhood look like in life be free学问点:1. there be 概念:There be 表示一种存在的“有”,There be 构造只是表示一种状态也
3、就是一种存在的关系。后多与介词短语的地点状语连用即“某地有某物”。(概念我们知道之后,就来一块看一下它的句子构造)句子构造There be+主语+地点介词短语 当然这个介词短语也可以放在句首There is a book on the desk.There is a pen on the floor.一般疑问句:Be there+主语+地点状语/时间状语? 答复用Yes, there be./No, there be+not.用法在一般如今时中 There be 构造 be 的选择以 be 后的第一个名词来确定,我们把它叫做“就近法”原则。 也就是说,there be句型中这个be动词是有改变
4、的,be 的选择跟着be 后的第一个名词来确定,如个这个名词是复数名词则用are 反之则用 is . 假如是一般过去时,用is或是are的对应的过去式就可以了。例:There are some books and a pen on the floor. There is a pen and books on the floor.这两个句子的中文意思是一样的,但在前面的句子中be 后面的第一个名词是复数名词所以be 用复数形式 are , 而后面句子的第一个名词为不行数名词没有复数形式所以用单数形式 is . (There are two cups of coffee on the table.
5、 There is a basket of apples on the table. 这两个句子中的前面一个句子中的coffee 尽管是不行数名词,但修饰限定它的量词为复数名词,这时应以量词来确定be 的选择,因此用 are 。 而后面句子中的名词apples 尽管是复数名词,但修饰限定它的量词为单数名词所以be 用 is .)可讲可不讲there be 与 have 的区分虽然汉语中there be 被翻译成为“有”。但是There be 构造只是表示一种状态也就是一种存在的关系。而have /has 则表示拥有即使一种所属关系也就是“某人用有某物”。例:There is a book on
6、 the desk.只是表示这本书在桌子上这一状态,而书不是属于桌子的,假如把书放到其它地方,这状态就不存在了。I have a book .则表示这本书是我的,不管这本书在哪里它都是属于我的,这就说明我拥有了这本书,哪怕是别人借走了,它都还是属于我的。这样举例说明让学生很清晰的理解到There be 和 have/ has 的区分。4. 常考点 对画线局部提问对There be 构造中的主语提问,这时我们不管主语是人还是物,是复数还是单数以及不行数名词,我们都用 Whats + 介词短语提问就可以了。例如:There is a book on the desk.(对划线局部提问)Whats
7、on the desk There are two girls in the room. (对划线局部提问)Whats in the room 对There be 构造中主语的数或量提问,我们又必需留意主语是可数名词还是不行数名词,假如是可数名词,我们这时则用 How many + 复数名词+ are there +其它 ?这一句型。例如 There is a apple in the box.(对划线局部提问) How many apples are there in the box There are three books on the desk. (对划线局部提问) How many
8、books are there on the desk这时我们不管名词是复数还是单数,只要是对可数名词的数提问我们都用 How many + 复数名词+ are there +其它这一句型。因为many后必需跟可数名词复数形式,所以我们在问句中始终用 are there +其它。假如是不行数名词的量提问时,我们则用 How much + 不行数名词+ is there + 其它 ?这一句型。例如 There is two cups of coffee on the table . (对划线局部提问) How much coffee is there on the table 因为much后必需
9、跟不行数名词,所以我们在问句中始终用 is there +其它。但在这里最值得留意的是当名词前有量词修饰限定时,对量词的数提问我们则用 How many +复数量词+ 名词+ are there +其它 ?这一句型。例如 There is a basket of apples on the table. (对划线局部提问) How many baskets of apples are there on the table There are two cups of coffee on the table. (对划线局部提问) How many cups of coffee are there
10、on the table 从上面的两个例子中我们可以看到不管名词是可数还是不行数,只要对修饰限定的量词的数提问,我们就用How many +复数量词+ 名词+ are there +其它 ?这一句型。因为量词是可数的。对There be 构造+地点介词短语提问时我们都用 Where +be there +主语?这一句型。因为介词短语在句中作地点状语,所以我们用Where 来代替地点状语+一般疑问句的形式就可以了。例如 There is a book on the desk. (对划线局部提问) Where is there a book There are three girls playin
11、g games on the playground. (对划线局部提问) Where are there three girls playing games 如今我们共同来看一下,我们刚开场讲的那个小故事用英语应当怎么将?2. 问路与指路问路的表达方式:Where is the nearest hospital pleaseExcuse me. Can you tell me the way to the Summer HotelExcuse me. Can you tell me how to get to the Bank of ChinaHello! Is there a park ne
12、ar here, pleaseExcuse me. How can I get to the nearest post office指路的表达方式:Turn left/right at Go along/down this street.Turn right at the third crossing, and then walk straight.Take the second turning on the right/left.Its across from/near/next to the hospital.You can take the No. 3 bus and get off a
13、t3. on Bridge Street 在大桥街上其中Bridge Street为专出名词,首字母需大写。类似的专出名词还有Long Street长街。Center Street中心大街。in the street 在街上(英国英语)on the street 在街上(美国英语)4. next to&nearnext to介词短语,表示贴近,紧靠Come and sit next to me.near介词,表示在的旁边,还可作形容词,表示的“近”是相对的,反义词是farSuzhou is near Shanghai.5. in front of&in the front ofin front
14、 of强调一个物体在另一个物体外部的前面Mary is standing in front of the car.in the front of强调一个物体在另一个物体的内部的前面Cathy is sitting in the front of the car.5. excuse me. 打搅了。在英语中,干脆用Can you tell me或者Is there?是不礼貌的,应领先说excuse me,意为“打搅一下”。还可用于向对方提出恳求,询问状况等场合,向对方表示歉意或礼貌。excuse me&sorryexcuse me为客套话,常用于向别人问路,插画,恳求答应,向对方询问状况等场合。
15、Excuse me. May I ask you a questionsorry常用于因犯了错误或不能满意对方的要求而向对方表示歉意的场合。Im sorry I cant come to your party.6. How can I help you 须要我的帮助吗?这是一个常用的句子,也可以说成Can I help you/May I help you广泛用于商店,饭店,旅店,邮局,办事处等场所,作为对顾客的招呼语。7. Its not too far from here. 它离这儿不太远。far from意为“离远”,相当于far away from. 通常不与详细的数字连用,若出现详细
16、的数字,常用away from。My home is not far away from our school.我家离学校不远。8. turn right/left at the+序数词+crossing=Take the+序数词+crossing on the right/left ones left/right 在某人的左边/右边Zhang Feng is sitting on my left. 张峰坐在我的左边。9. neighborhood 街区,邻居in the neighborhood 在旁边 相当于 near herein the neighborhood of 在的旁边We l
17、ive in the neighborhood of the park.我们住在公园旁边。10. spend take cost&payspend主语是人sb. spendon sth.sb. spendin doing sth.某人花时间/金钱做某事I spent 5 dollars on the book.take常用it作形式主语It takes sb. some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间It took his seven days to make the big cake.cost主语物sth. cost sb. some money某物花费某人多少钱The
18、 book cost me 5 dollars.pay主语是人sb. pay some money for sth.某人为某物付款I paid 5 dollars for the book.11. watchwatch sb. doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事 强调所做的事正在进展中watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事 所做的事为常常发生或已做过的事情类似用法的动词有:see sb. doing sth.see sb. do sth.hear sb. doing sth.hear sb. do sth.12. look like 看起来像What do/does+主语+look like用来询问某人的外貌特征,意为“看上去怎么样?”-What does your brother look like-He is short and thin.13. To get there, I usually walk out and turn right on Bridge Road.to get there为动词不定式短语,在句中作目的状语,放在句首起强调作用,也可放在句末。eg. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 要学好英语,他须要一本词典。