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1、 2016年全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题及参考答案 第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. The revelation of his past led to his resignation.A.imaginationB. ConfirmationC.recallD. Disclosure2. Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.A.carelessB. CruelC.strongD. Hard3. Youll have
2、 to sprint if you want to catch the train.A.jumpB.escapeC. RunD.prepare4. We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.A. ChangeableB. StableC.suitableD.adaptable5. The new garment fits her perfectly.A.haircutB. PurseC. ClothesD.necklace6. The phobia may have its root in a childho
3、od trauma.A.fearB. JoyC. HurtD.memory7. They have to build canals to irrigate the desert.A.decorateB. WaterC.changeD. Visit8. Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.A.disabledB. PupilC.teenagerD. Baby9. The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremel
4、y cold.A. WarmB.severeC.hardD.dry10. The details of the costume were totally authentic.A. RealB.outstandingC.creativeD. False11. We are aware of the potential problems.A.globalB. PossibleC.ongoingD. Central12. The idea was quite brilliant.A.positiveB. CleverC.keyD. Original13. Stock market price tum
5、bled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.A.regulatedB. IncreasedC. FellD.maintained14. The course gives you basic instructions in car maintenance.A. CoachingB. IdeaC.termD. Aspect15. All houses within 100 metres of these as at risk of flooding.A. in dangerB. out of controlC.between equalsD. in pa
6、rticular第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。The Greatest of Victorian EngineersIn the hundred years up to 1860, the work of a small group of construction engineers carried forward the enormous social and economic change t
7、hat we associate with the Industrial Revolution in Britain. The most important of these engineers was Isambard Kingdom Brunel, whose work in shipping, bridge-building, and railway construction, to name just three fields, both challenged and motivated his colleagues. He was the driving force behind a
8、 number of the hugely ambitious projects, some of which resulted in works which are still in use today.The son of an engineer, Brunel apprenticed with his father at an early age on the building of the Thames Tunnel. At the age of just twenty, he became engineer in charge of the project. This impress
9、ive plan to bore under the Thames twice suffered two major disasters when the river broke through into the tunnel when the second breach(决口)occurred in 1872, Brunel was seriously injured during rescue operation and further work was halted.While recovering from his injuries, Brunel entered a design c
10、ompetition for a new bridge over the Avon Gorge near Clifton. The original judge of the competition was Thomas Telford, a leading civil engineer of his day, who rejected all entries to the competition in favor of his own design. After considerable scandal, a second contest was held and Brunels desig
11、n was accepted. For reasons of funding, however, exacerbated(加剧) by social unrest in Bristol, the project was abandoned in 1843 with only the towers completed. After Brunels death, it was decided to begin work on it again, partly so that the bridge could form a fitting memorial to the great engineer
12、. The entire structure was finally completed in 1864. Today, the well-known Clifton Suspension Bridge is a symbol of Bristol, just as the Opera House is of Sydney. Originally intended only for horse-drawn traffic, the bridge now bears over four million motor vehicles a year.16.Brunel was an importan
13、t airplane engineer in Britain during the Industrial A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned17.Brunel was involved less in railway construction than in other engineering fields.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned18.Brunel worked only on shipping, bridge-building and railway construction.A. Right B. Wrong
14、C. Not mentioned19.Brunel work was largely ignored by his colleagues.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned20.Some projects Brunel contributed to are still in use today.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned21.Brunel became an apprentice with his father when he was very young.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentio
15、ned22.The Thames Tunnel project was more difficult than any previous projects undertaken in Britain.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意及完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题; (2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Geothermal(地热)Energy1 Since heat naturally moves fr
16、om hotter regions to cooler ones, the heat from the earths center flows outwards towards the surface. In this way, it transfers to the next layer of rock. If the temperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma(岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards the earths surface. It ofte
17、n remains well below the earths surface, creating vast areas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allow rainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back up to the earths surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, if this ascending hot wate
18、r reaches a layer of impermeable(不可渗透的)rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are close enough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water and steam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity in geothermal pow
19、er plants.2.A few geothermal power plants depend on dry-stem reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In these cases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbine generator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello in Italy, was of this type,
20、 and is still producing electricity today.3.Most currently operating geothermal power plants are either flash steam plants or binary(双重的)plants. Flash plants produce mainly hot water ranging in temperature from 300 to 700Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separators where released f
21、rom the pressure of the underground reservoir, it flashes or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides the energy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water and steam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volume and pressure of th
22、e reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then be used again.4.A reservoir with temperatures below 300 Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash steam but it can still be used to generate electricity in binary fluid. The steam from this is used to power the turbines. As in the flash steam pla
23、nt, the geothermal water is recycled back into the reservoir.23.Paragraph1_24Paragraph2_25Paragraph3_26Paragraph4_A.Dry steam plantsB.Binary plantsC.Origin of geothermal energyD.Generation of electricityE.Flash steam plantsF.Recyclable water and steam参考答案：E、C、B27.A geothermal reservoir is formed whe
24、n hot water is trapped under _.28.A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with _.29.Flash plants produce hot water through _.30.In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermal water can be converted into _.A.the energy to turn a turbineB.impermeable rockC.one or two separatorsD.turbine operatorE.little o
25、r no waterF.hot springs答案：、第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Association (NBA) and holds the record a
26、s the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess (杰出的才能) but
27、 also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the 2002 NBA draft (选拔), he was the first international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the court are clear enough no NBA player of his size has ever possessed his mobility, so
28、 he isa handful (难对付的人）for opponents on either end of the court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is his role as a global citizen and as abridge to millions of potential basketball fans in China.When it was announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season
29、 and possibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder (震动) spread across China. After considerable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgically treated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, to offer his overburdened foo
30、t more support. The surgery was a success,and though the estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to prepare with Team China, Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.Yao wrapped up a 10-day trip to China,where he underwent a series of traditional Chinese medicine (T
31、CM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process. Western experts are generally skeptical of TCMs benefits, although new research from the university of Rochester suggests that a certain compound derived from shellfish may speed stimulate bone repair.“There is no reason to dismiss TCM,Yao t
32、old a press conference in Beijing. “Its been used in our country for thousands of years. I dont think that its short on science.”31.The word towering in Paragraph 1 means_.A.Iarge.B.fat.C.all.D.Great.32. Opponents find it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his_.A.mobility.B.assaultC.defen
33、se.D.Celebrity.33. Yao Ming had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because_.A.his right foot had been hurting.B.he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.C.the surgical operation had been a failure.D.he couldnt afford all the medical expenses.34. Which statement about Yao Ming is NOT true_.A.He mis
34、sed the Athens Olympics.B.He is an NBA player.C.He fractured his left foot.D.He is an international figure.35. In general, the Western experts attitude towards TCM is_.A.indifferent.B.positive.C.negative.D.Doubtful.第二篇 The Sahara【撒哈拉沙漠】The name Sahara derives from the Arabic word for “desert” or “st
35、eppe”. At 3. 5 million square miles, an area roughly the size of the United States, the Sahara Desert in northern Africa is the largest desert in the world. It spans the continent from the Atlantic Ocean to the Red Sea. Daytime temperatures can reach as high as 130F. The humidity sometimes gets into
36、 the teens. But it can also be as low as 2.5 percent, the lowest in the world. Most of the Sahara receives less than five inches of rain per year, while large areas sometimes have no rainfall at all for years.At the heart of the Sahara is the landlocked north African country of Niger. Here the sand
37、dunes can be 100 feet tall and several miles long. Here sand plains stretch over an area larger than Germany where there is neither water nor towns. Yet sitting in the midst of the surrounding desert is the town of Bilma. Suddenly there are pools of clear water. Surprisingly, there are groves of dat
38、e palms. Underground water resources, or oases, sufficient to support irrigated agriculture are found in dry stream beds and depressions. Irrigation ditches run off a creek to water fields. Corn, cassava, tea, peanuts, hot peppers, and orange, lime, and grapefruit trees grow in these fields. Donkeys
39、 and goats graze on green grass.The Sahara of Niger is still a region where you can see a camel caravan of 500 camels tied together in loose lines as long as a mile, traveling toward such oasis towns. There a caravan will collect life-sustaining salt, which is mined from watery basins, and transport
40、 it up to 400 miles back to settlements on the edges of the desert. The round trip across the vast sands takes one month.36. This passage is mostly about_.A.life in the Sahara B. the deserts of AfricaC. Bilma D.how camels travel in the desert37. Rainfall in most of the Sahara is_.A.less than five in
41、ches per yearB. less than ten inches per yearC. less than twenty inches per yearD. Zero38. The Sahara can be described as_A. a place of contrastsB.a place where no one livesC. an area where the winters are coldD. an area that appeals to many tourists39. The phrase “an area roughly the size of the Un
42、ited States” gives an indication of the size of_.A. northern Africa B.NigerC. the Sahara D.all of Africa40. In this passage caravan means_.A. traveling circusB. group traveling together through difficult countryC. railroad trainD. a small, fast sailing ship第三篇 Older volcanic eruptionVolcanoes were m
43、ore destructive in ancient history, not because they were bigger, but because the carbon dioxide they released wiped out life with greater ease.Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinctions. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off
44、large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300 million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. He calculated the killing efficiency for these volcanoes by compa
45、ring the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals.The Permian extinction, for example, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked
46、 by floods of volcanic rock in Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe. Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide. The global warming that followed wiped out 80 per cent of all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years for the planet to recover. Yet 60 million years ago, there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten thousands of years.