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1、Chapter Two Pollution FightersI. 章节分析（一）综述本单元的Reading局部的文章是关于“树和环境”。通过一名中学生采访科学家来理解“树”对环境爱护所起的作用。“污染”问题是一个旧话题，在6B Module 1The Natural Elements和教材后面的Project 1 The Environment 都议论到环境与污染的问题；7A Module 3 Natural Elements Unit 4 Forests and land中谈到了森林，事实上就是谈树的作用和用处。其中的大局部内容都是我们的学生很熟识的，所以教师在引入新课时，可以从学生们熟识的
2、话题“森林”谈起，很自然的进入新课内容。本单元的Listening局部也是围绕主题，通过Completing a notice的形式，进一步让学生理解树的作用，从而主动投入到“植树战役”中去。Language局部介绍了如今进展时(the present continuous tense)的用法。Speaking局部围绕本课的主题探讨How to fight pollution 我们可以把这局部内容放在Post-reading环节，让学生进展探讨。Using English局部 (The index) 教师可以告知学生the index 与the contents page 都可以扶植我们快速理
3、解一本书的信息，只是the index 的排版大局部在书后，而且是以字母循序排列的，有主题，比拟具体而the contents page 的排版在书的前面，按页码排序。Writing局部是为学校报纸写一篇有关工人们是如何建立一个sitting-out area的文章。（二）教学目的1. 学问目的1）词汇：驾驭本章出现的生词。2）语法：能娴熟运用如今进展时的陈述句，一般疑问句，特殊疑问句。3）功能：能和同学，教师表达自己的思想。4）话题：能议论“抗污染”这一话题。2. 实力目的1）听：通过听录音材料来培育学生捕获特定信息的实力。并强化自己在阅读中所获得的信息。2）说：通过看图说话，议论话题，与同
4、学沟通，合作中反复运用语言，自己的所学来表达自己的思想，观点。3）读：通过朗读对话，快速阅读来培育学生快速捕获信息，解决问题的实力。4）写：依据所给话题，把自己的想法，观点与同伴的沟通成果写在纸上。3. 情感目的通过议论话题，小组合作的形式激发学生学习英语的爱好以及合作意识。强化学生自主学习的目的。指导协同努力实现自己的教学目的。（三）教学方法课文的引入和如今进展时态的训练时可运用嬉戏教学法。在课文教学中可采纳任务型教学法，引导学生完成教学设计。合作学习法完成说和写等局部的练习。（四）重点和难点1如今进展时： Im reading. He is not working. Are they pl
5、anting trees Whats Ted doing Hes playing volleyball with Carol. Is Ted playing volleyball Yes, he is. / No, he isnt. Hes _.2快速阅读抓住自己须要的信息。通过听力的形式对所获得的信息进展稳固加深。3小组合作探讨如何防治污染并以对话的方式表达，并能自己说明观点。4记录自己本节所学。II. 教学设计：1. ReadingStep 1 Pre-reading1) 教师可以通过复习旧句型：What can we get from forests 引出本单元的主题。然后让学生依据图片
6、一问一答做 pair work，来理解 What good are trees 当然除了教师供应的图片以外，也可以让学生依据自己理解到的学问自由发挥。2) 教师与学生一起得出结论：Trees are very useful and important. 教师接着问学生：What else do you know about trees How long do trees live 然后让学生来做一个与树有关的quiz。通过这个quiz让学生知道 Trees are pollution fighters.教师还可以充分利用教参中的Notes来扶植学生进一步理解树是如何与空气污染、水污染和噪音污染
7、作斗争的。同时扶植学生解决局部Reading中的生词，如：chemical, produce, release, oxygen, nasty等等。Step 2 While-reading（这是本课的重点局部）1) 第一遍阅读文章，要求学生依据上下文的内容和线索揣测词意。2) 第二遍通读全文，理解文章意思，并完成Ex. D (page 18)、Ex. E (page 19)。提示学生阅读时留意阅读方法的运用。比方，在做Ex. D时，运用scanning即跳读的方法找寻具体问题的答案。在做Ex. E时，运用skimming即略读的方法，留意文章中的主题句和关键句。3) 听课文录音。4) 重点词汇及
8、句式讲解。1. collect some facts for a class project on pollution2. pollute (v.) / pollution (n.) / polluted (adj.) / pollutant (n.) 污染物3. interview (vt.) Doctor Ray4. be interested in = be keen on / be fond of / enjoy / like 喜爱，感爱好5. show (great) interest in 6. interest (n./v.) / interesting (adj.) / int
9、erested (adj.)7. the biggest and oldest living things on earth8. live (v.) 生活，居住 e.g. Where do you live(adj.) 活着，有生命 e.g. Have you ever touched a real live snake 现场直播的 e.g. It wasnt a recorded show, it was live. lively (adj.) 有生气的，活泼的，充溢活力的 e.g. They are lively children. alive (adj.) 活的e.g. The youn
10、g woman was still alive when the ambulance reached the hospital. He kept the little cat alive by feeding it warm milk. 充溢朝气的 e.g. In the evening the town really comes alive. (名词后用alive) living (adj.) 活的 e.g. Does he have any living relatives (名词前用living)(n.) 生活 e.g. She makes a living by selling new
11、spapers. life (n.) (个人的)生命 C e.g. Three lives were lost in the fire. Doctors fought all night to save her life.生活 U e.g. Life can be hard for a single parent. Thats life, you cant change it.Exercises: 1) My family _ in New York ten years ago.2) Is your grandfather _3) What is the oldest _ things in
12、the world4) Policemen make our _ safe.5) The _ people should always look forward.6) My pet dogs are dying. Cant you make them _7) I make a _ by teaching in a middle school.9. What good are trees = What is the good of trees 树有什么好处呢？10. make streets more beautiful and less noisy11. noise (n.) / noisy
13、(adj.) / noisily (adv.)12. else (adj.) 其它的 (置于疑问代词或不定代词后) e.g. What else can they do Do you want to buy anything else other (adj.) 其它的 (置于名词前) e.g. We study Chinese, math, English and other subjects.13. suppose (v.) = think something to be true e.g. I suppose you felt tired after running the maratho
14、n (, didnt you). suppose = pretend that something is truee.g. Suppose you had a million dollars, what would you do14. enjoy breathing pure, cool air (enjoy doing sth)15. breath (n.) bre/ breathe (v.) bri: Exercises: 1) People _ slowly when they are sleeping.2) You can see peoples _ on a cold day.3)
15、I need a _ of a fresh air.4) The doctor told me to _ in and _ out again slowly.16. Thank sb for sth. e.g. Thank you for your help. / Thank you for helping me.17. natural air conditioners 自然空调 (nature / natural)18. take harmful gas from the air19. release oxygen into the air20. one and a half hectare
16、s of tree 一公顷半的树木21. produce enough oxygen to keep your whole class alive and healthy for a year 产生足够的氧气供你们全班学生一年时间的存活和安康成长22. Trees cool the air as well as clean it. as well as = besides / in addition to e.g. On Sundays, his farm provided lunch as well as breakfast. It is important for you as well
17、as for me. Father as well as his children hasnt been to Euro Disney. (远离原则) William Shakespeare was an actor as well as a play writer. (强调前者) = William Shakespeare was not only a play writer but (also) an actor. (强调后者)23. Three trees can do the jobs of 15 air conditioners running (=as they are runni
18、ng ) almost all day.24. know a lot about trees25. attack a tree 攻击树 attract ones attention引起某人留意26. warn its neighbors27. warn sb of sth./sb warn sb against doing sthve.g. The policeman warned us against running across the road.警察警告我们不要跑着过公路。v They warn people against destroying trees. 他们警告人们不要破坏树木。
19、28. protect themselves by producing a chemical 通过产生一种化学物质爱护他们自己29. chemistry (n.) / chemical (adj./n.) / chemist (n.)Exercises: 1) 一个化学试验 a _ experiment2) 一个化学工厂 a _ factory3) 化学是她在学校时最好的科目 _ is her favorite subject at school.4) 惊奇的化学反响使两个人相爱了. A strange _ makes two people fall in love. 5) 他去药房买药。 H
20、e went to the _ to buy some medicine.30. make their leaves taste nasty 使得树叶尝起来味道很糟31. make + 宾语 + do sth 32. join their roots together underground 在地下的树根盘环桓交织在一起33. pass food and water around34. pass (v.) / past (prep.)Exercises: 1) I can _ a church on my way to school.2) I walk _ the church.3) 街道太拥
21、挤了车无法通行。The street was so crowded that cars were unable to _.4) 他走过那家商店。 He walked _ that shop.35. communicate with each other 相互沟通36. be in danger37. danger (n.) / dangerous (adj.) / dangerously (adv.)38. destroy our best fighters against pollutionStep 3 Post-readingRead the text again and every st
22、udent must prepare at least two questions about trees in the text for other students.用这种方式训练学生发觉问题和解决问题的实力。让每个学生都参加进来。不会问问题的学生可以答复别的学生提出的问题。提出问题的学生可以从其他学生那里得到问题的答案，也可以和大家一起答复自己没有想到的问题。这种活动更能表达学生的自主学习。教师只在适当的时候供应扶植。当然也可以利用课本Speaking中的对话材料让学生进展探讨What can we do to fight pollution来进一步稳固课文，进步学生的语言运用实力。最终
23、将探讨的主题笔头记录下来，作为学生回家的笔头作业 (How to fight pollution)。2. ListeningStep 1 Pre-listening 在听之前，创设情境，要求学生明确听力任务，如有生词，可以先扶植学生（recognize key words），扫清在听力材料中出现的词汇，进步听的效果。 本单元的听力材料是一段对话，话题还是跟树有关，要求学生在听了对话之后完成一个poster填写。Step 2 While-listening诱发爱好，增加听的动力。可以让学生先将poster 看一看，然后再听。再依据所听内容完成poster的填写。Step 3 Post-liste
24、ning 要求学生依据poster的内容进展pair work的活动。培育学生的听说实力。3. Language (the present continuous tense) Step 1 Lead in 1) Warming up: Talk about the pictures by asking and answering. e.g. A: What are they doing B: They are planting trees. A: Are they picking apples B: Yes, they are picking apples from the apple tre
25、es.2) Present “the present continuous tense”Tell the students what we use the present continuous tense for. (Talking about what is happening now)What is the structure am/is/are + doing First, do spelling exercises to add ing to the infinitive of the verb. (e.g. eat-eating, sing-singing, study-studyi
26、ng. )Show the table on the computer.For most verbs ending inChangeExamplesOne e (except be)Drop e, and add ingadvising driving using beingieChange ie to y, and add ingdying tying lyingConsonant letter + vowel letter + consonant letterDouble the last letter (except where the last letter is a y), and
27、add ingcutting stoppingwinning puttingsayingStep 2 ExercisesWrite the correct ing form of these verbs.1. be _ 9. lie_ 2. become_ 10. load_3. begin_ 11. pull_4. carry_ 12. put_5. drop_ 13. rain_6. escape_ 14. sunbathe_7. eat_ 15.travel_8. iron_ 16. yawn_Common errors.1. What you are doing _ 2. I watc
28、hing television. _3. Im listen to a cassette. _Put the verbs in brackets in the present continuous tense to make sentences. Make the verbs with question marks into questions. Add any necessary punctuation marks. The first one is done for you.1. the Grade Eight students (play) volleyballThe Grade Eig
29、ht students are playing volleyball.2. Richard and Ping Kang (camp)_3. Ye Qing (shop)_4. Joyce (sweep) the floor_Do the exercises to learn the differences between the simple present tense and the present continuous tense.他们很熟识一般如今时，也刚刚学过如今进展时，这道练习可以对这两种时态进展区分，稳固所学，加深理解。1. I (have) my fourth cup of te
30、a this morning. I often (not drink) so much tea.Im having my fourth cup of tea this morning. I dont often drink so much tea.2. It doesnt usually (rain) at this time of year, but today it (rain) heavily._3. The timetable says the last train (leave) at midnight. Quick. Its exactly midnight, and the gu
31、ard (blow) his whistle._4. Paul (hide) behind that tree. He (not want) to talk to us._Step 3 Practice（教材中的练习）4. Writing这个环节是要求学生依据五幅图片和提纲为学校报纸写一篇短文，反映上星期工人们在他们家旁边建了一个sitting-out area。1) 教师可以就每幅图片设计一些问题让学生探讨，这里可以用到本课的语法(the present continuous tense)，进一步扶植学生稳固语法。2）Questions for the pictures: What can
32、you see in Picture 1/2/3/4/5 Whats on the back of the lorry What are the workers doing in the ground Are they planting the trees in the holes What are the two workers doing in Picture 2 What are they putting in the containers What are the workers doing in Picture 4 How are they watering trees (With a hose) How is the area now3) 让学生独立完成短文，这里还要特殊照顾学生留意时态改变和句子的完好性。4) 分小组让学生相互修改作文，订正错误；每组派一名学生朗读作文，教师与全班同学一起来观赏和评价作文，看哪组同学完成的最好，进展表扬和激励。