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1、高中英语语法教案(全套)及配套练习1. 名词 名词可以分为专出名词和一般名词，专出名词是某个些人，地方，机构等专出名称，如Beijing，China等。一般名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念名词，如：book，sadness等。一般名词又可分为下面四类： 1个体名词：表示某类人或东西中个体，如：gun。 2集体名词：表示假设干个个体组成集合体，如：family。 3物质名词：表示无法分为个体实物，如：air。 4抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不行数名词。归纳一下，名词分
2、类可以以下图表示： 名词 专出名词 不行数名词 一般名词 物质名词 抽象名词 集体名词 可数名词 个体名词 1.1 名词复数规那么变更 状况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般状况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby-babies 1.2 其它名词复数规那么变更 1 以y
3、结尾专出名词，或元音字母+y 结尾名词变复数时，干脆加s变复数。例如： two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 2 以o 结尾名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如zero-zeros / zeroes。 3 以f或fe 结尾名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-s
4、afes gulf-gulfs； b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half-halves knife-knivesleaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves； c. 上述a和b两种方法均可，如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 1.3 名词复数不规那么变更 1 child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 留意：由一个词加 man 或 woman构成合成词，其复数形式也是 -
5、men 和-women，如an Englishman，two Englishmen。但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2 单复同形，如deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese ，li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin等。但除人民币元、角、格外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。 3集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例如： peoplepolicecattle 等本身就是复数，
6、不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳英勇。 4 以s结尾，仍为单数名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，一般是不行数名词，为单数。 b. news 为不行数名词。 c. the Unite
7、d States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 结合国是1945年组建起来。 d. 以复数形式出现书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。例如： The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 一千零一夜是一本特别好玩故事书。 5 表示由两部分构成东西，如：glasses 眼镜trousers,clothes等，假设表达详细数目，要借助数量词 pair对，双;suit套; a pair of glasses; two pairs o
8、f trousers等。 6 另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特殊意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes各种鱼。 1.4 不行数名词量表示 1物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较：Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物。 不行数 These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。 可数 b. 当物质名词表示该物质种类时，可数。例如： This factory produces steel.不行数 We need various steels.可数 c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如： Our country is
9、famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而著名。 Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2 抽象名词表示详细事例时也可数。例如： four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表确定数量，如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice一那么建议。 5. 定语名词复数 名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1) 用复数作定语。例如： sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 会谈桌 the
10、foreign languages department 外语系 2 man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰名词单复数而定。例如： men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials 3 有些原有s结尾名词，作定语时，s保存。例如： goods train 货车 arms produce武器消费 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷 4 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保存单数形式。例如： two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundre
11、d trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年方案 1.6 不同国籍人单复数 国籍 总称谓语用复数 单数 复数 中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese 瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss 澳大利亚人 the Australians an Australian two Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians 意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians 希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Gre
12、eks 法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen 日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese 美国人 the Americans an American two Americans 印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians 德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans 英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen 瑞典人 t
13、he Swedish a Swede two Swedes 1.7 名词格 英语中有些名词可以加s来表示全部关系，带这种词尾名词形式称为该名词全部格，如：a teachers book。名词全部格规那么如下： 1 单数名词词尾加s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加s，如the boys bag 男孩书包，mens room 男厕所。 2 假设名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加 ，如：the workers struggle工人斗争。 3 凡不能加s名词，都可以用名词+of +名词构造来表示全部关系，如：the title of the song 歌名字。 4 在表示店铺或教堂名字或某人家时，名词全部格后面
14、常常不出现它所修饰名词，如：the barbers 理发店。 5 假如两个名词并列，并且分别有s，那么表示分别有；只有一个s，那么表示共有。例如： Johns and Marys rooms两间John and Marys room一间 6 复合名词或短语，s 加在最终一个词词尾。例如：a month or twos absence 1.8 练习 1. He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_. a little wage b. few wage c.
15、 wage d. wages 2. Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war. a. an ash b. the ash c. ash d. ashes 3. The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming New Year. a.many preparations b. much preparation c. preparations d. preparation 4. Painting in _ is one of
16、 their spare-time activities. a. oil b. an oil c. oils d. the oil 5. In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here. a. much b. lots of c. a great deal of d. many 6. The large houses are being painted, but _. a. of great expense b. at a great expense c. in a lot of expenses d. by high ex
17、pense 7. The room was small and contained far too _. a.much new furniture c. much new furnitures b.many new furniture d. many new furnitures 8. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _. a. rooms number b. room number c. rooms numbers d. room numbers 9 puters ca
18、n do _ work in a short time, but a man can not do _ by himself. a great manymany c. mucha great deal b. a great deal ofmuch d. manya great many 10. She didnt know _ he had been given. a. how many information c. how many informations b. the number of information d. how much information 11. He invited
19、 all of his _ to join his wedding party. a. comrade-in-arms c. comrades-in-arm b. comrades-in-arms d. comrade-in-arm 12. All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month. a. women doctors c. woman doctors b. women doctor d. woman doctor 13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_. a. growns-ups
20、c. growns-up b. grown-up d. grown-ups 14.The police investigated those _ about the accident. a. stander-by c. standers-by b. stander-bys d. standers-bys 15.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp. a.prisoner-of-wars c. prisoners-of-war b.prisoners-of-wars d. prisoner-of-war 16.The manager
21、was greatly appreciate that _ made by Linda lately. a. new reel b. news reel c. new-reels d. news reels 17.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _. a. elder sister b. elder sisters c. elder sisters d. elder sisters dress 18.All the people at the conference are _. a. mathematic teachers c. math
22、ematics teacher b.mathematics teachers d. mathematics teachers 19.Professor Mackay told us that _ of lead are its softness and its resistance. a. some property c. properties b. some properties d. property 20.Physics _ with matter and motion. a. deal b. deals c. dealing d. are 21.He has written sever
23、al books, but his last works _ well known among his friends. a. have b. have been c. is d. are 22.After he checked up my _ heart, the doctor advised him to rest for a few days. a. father-in-laws c. fathers-in-law b. father-in-law d. fathers-in-laws 23.He told me _ would come to his birthday party. a
24、. many Jack friends c. many Jacks friend b. Jacks many friends d. many friends of Jacks 24.I had my hair cut at the _ around the corner. a.barber b. barbers c. barbers d. barbers 25.Yesterday evening we had a lovely evening at _. a. Peter and Helens c. Peter and Helen b. Peter and Helens d. Peters a
25、nd Helens 26._ receives only a small portion of the total amount of the suns energy. a. The earths surface c. The surface of earth b. The surface earth d. The earth surface 27.Numerous materials are available to _. a. today of designers c. todays of designers b. todays designers d. today designers 2
26、8.Why did you speak to Peter that way Dont you know he is an old friend of _ a. my brother b. my brothers c. my brothers d. my brothers friend 29._ is a well-informed man. He can tell you anything you want to know. a. This Johns old friend c. Thats Jahns old friend b. This old friend of John d. This
27、 old friend of Johns 30._ is too much for a little boy to carry. a.A bikes weight c. The weight of a bike b.The weights of a bike d. Biles weight 31.Generally there are _ television programs for children on Saturday. a.little b. much c. a large number of d. a large amount of 32.When they got to the
28、lecture-room, there were _ left. a.only few seats b. a very few seats c. only a few seats d. so a few seats 33._ travels faster when the zip code is indicated on the envelope. a. A little mail b. A piece of mail c. A mail d. A small mail 34.The Department purchased _ to improve the working condition
29、s there. a. a new equipment c. new equipments b. a new piece of equipment d. new pieces of equipments 35.The boy tried hard but there has been _ in his work. a.little improvement c. many improvements b. a little improvement d. few improvements 36.Todays modern TV cameras require _ light as compared
30、with the earlier models. a. only a few b. only few c. only a little d. only little 37.No country can afford to neglect _. a.an education b. educations c. education d. the education 38.Please write the answers to the questions at the end of _. a. eighth chapter b. chapter eight c. eight chapter d. ch
31、apter the eight 39._ is only surpassed by that of monkeys and apes. a.The intelligent dog c. The intelligence of dogs b.The dogs whose intelligence d. The dogs being intelligent 40.All _ must take the graduate Management Admission Test. a. business student b. businesss students c. business students
32、d. businesss student 41._ anywhere in the United States costs less than a dollar when you dial it yourself. a.Three minutes call c. A three-minutes call b.Three-minute call d. A three-minute call 42.The _ about nuclear energy revolves around the waste problem. a.publics chief concern c. chief public
33、 concern b.public chief concern d. chief concern of publics 43._ the first and largest ethnic group to work on the construction of the transcontinental railroad. a. Chinese were b. The Chinese was c. Chinese was d. The Chinese were 44._ can get a better view of the game than the participants. a.Look
34、er-on b. Lookers-on c. Looker-ons c. Lookers-ons 45.A group of spectators was dispersed by the police who _ at the scene of the accidents within minutes. a. were b. have been c. was d. has been 46.Our livestock _ not as numerous as they used to be. a.is b. are c. be d. been 47.One of the most surpri
35、sing things is that _ may come from petroleum. a. much of tomorrow food c. many of tomorrows food b. much of the food of tomorrow d. much of tomorrows food 48.Scott is an orphan but he received _. a.very good education c. a very good education b.very good educations d. many good educations 49.After
36、several days hardworking, we have made _ on the design. a. much improvement c. many improvement b. several improvements d. some improvement 50.The boy was very happy that his mother bought him a new pair of shoes at a _ yesterday. a.shoes shop b. shoe shop c. shoess shop d. shoes 51.Eggs, though nou
37、rishing, have _ of fat content. a.large number b. a large number c. a high amount d. the high amount 52.He has done some _ on that subject from various angles over the past ten years. a.research b. a research c. researches d. the researches 53.Recently, he has lost all his _. a.wage and saving at ca
38、rd c. wages and saving at card b.wages and savings at card d. wages and savings at cards 54.The countrys wealth comes chiefly from its many _. a.herd of cattle b. heard of cattles c. herds of cattle d. herds of cattles 55.In Britain the _ are all painted red. a.letter boxes b. letters box c. letters
39、 boxes d. letterss box 56.Ten years had passed. I found she had _. a.a little white hair c. a few white hair b.some white hair d. much white hair 57.All his _ far from satisfaction a. conduct is b. conduct are c. conducts is d. conducts will be 58.Although the town had been attacked by the storm sev
40、eral times, _ was done. a. a few damages b. few damages c. little damage d. a little damage 59.He was _ what to do. a. at his wit end b. at his wits end c. at his wits end d. at his witss end 60.Would you like to have a cup of tea and _ with me a two toasts b. two pieces of toast c. two piece of toa
41、sts d. tow pieces of toasts 61.Accurate _ covering the fact are not obtainable. a. datum b. datums c. data d. datas 62.On Monday morning some teachers exchanged a few _. a. how-are-yous c. how-are-yous b. of how-are-yous d. of how are you 63.Albert said he met the girl _ a. at his uncles Smith room
42、c. at his uncle Smiths room b. at Smiths his uncles room d. at the room of his uncles Smiths 64.It is four months since I last saw Keats _. a. at Mrt Smiths ,the book seller c. at my aunts, a book seller b. at my aunts, Mrs Palmers d. at Mrs Palmers, the book sellers 65.This room is _. a. the editor
43、s-in-chiefs office c. the editor-in-chiefs office b. the editor-in-chief office d. the editors-in-chief office 66.My old classmate, Comrade Sun ,works at _. a. a teacher college c. a teachers college b. a teacherss college d. a college of a teachers 67.The policemen put the criminal _. a. in a iron
44、b. into a iron c. in irons d. into a pair of iron 68.Our teacher gave me _. a. an advice b. the advice c. many advice d. much advice 69.My mother cut the cloth with _ scissors. a. a b. two c. a couple of d. a pair of 70.My house is within _ from the railway station. a. a stones throw b. a throw of a
45、 stone c. stones throw d. the stones throw 附：介词练习 1. She is such an irritating woman, I dont know how you can _ her. a. put up b. stand up to c. stand with d. put up with 2. To get my travelers check I had to _ a special check to the bank for the total amount. a. make for b. make out c. make off d. make up 3. Little boys are easily _. a. taken in b. taken away c. taken out d. taken over 4. The company is going to hand _ the free samples tomorrow. a. up b.