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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-dateif引导虚拟条件句if引导虚拟条件句if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导状语从句。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为“是否”,遵循宾语从句的时态规则;充当从属连词,引导条件状语从句时,词义为“如果”,若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。例如:1 I will go out tomorrow if it is f
2、ine.2 I dont know if the train has arrived.句1中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,修饰主句。整个句子的意思是“如果明天天气好,我们就出去。”句2中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词dont know的宾语。整个句子的意思是“我不知道火车是否到了。”虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 1. 表示与现在事实相反的情况,其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式( be 动词用 were ),主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如: If the weather were fine, we would
3、 go to Shanghai. 如果天气好,我们就去上海。(事实上天气不好) If they had time, they would / could / might go with me. 如果他们有时间,他们就会(可能)和我一起去。 2. 表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式,主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如: If I had taken his advice, I shouldnt / wouldnt / couldnt have made such a mistake.
4、 如果我按照他的建议去做,我一定不会(不可能)犯这样的错误。 3. 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果,其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to + 动词原形,主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如: The glass would break if you dropped it. 杯子摔下来会打破的。(事实上没有摔下来) If it should rain, the crops would / could / might be saved. 假如天下雨,庄稼就一定(有可能)会得救。 注意:主句中的 should 只用于第一人称,但在美国英语中, should 常被 would 代替;从句中的 should 可用于各种人称。-