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1、Uint9II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: Third World countries must improve their economies if they want to raise their citizens standard of living.W: But how can they do that when developed countries control world trade?Q: Which of the following is true?2. ScriptW: What did Professor Smith mean
2、 when he said that when America sneezes, Britain catches a cold?M: He meant that what is happening to Americas economy today will have an effect on Britains economy in the future.Q: What did the professor say?3. ScriptM: Your government gives financial subsidies to certain industries, creating unfai
3、r competition. This is wrong.W: But your government sets up import tariffs, which have the same effect.Q: What can we learn from this conversation?4. ScriptM: The price of oil is going through the roof. It is going to cause economic pain all over the world.W: I think the high price of oil is good. I
4、t will make people more careful in using their cars, and also make them seek alternative fuels which will probably be better for the environment. Q: What do the man and the woman think about the high price of oil?5. ScriptW: Industries that pollute should either be closed down or made to clean up th
5、eir act. Im tired of breathing dirty air.M: Its not that simple. People need jobs and that means we need industry. Besides, the sunset looks especially beautiful through the smog. Q: What does the man say about smog?Keys: 1.A 2.C 3. D 4.B 5.AIII. Listening InTask 1: Is GDP really so important ? Scri
6、ptJoan: It seems like a miracle that Chinas GDP has been growing so fast. The growth last year was over eight percent again.Vincent: Excuse me, it just slipped my mind. What does GDP stand for?Joan: It stands for gross domestic product.Vincent: Since Chinas GDP is increasing so rapidly, its economy
7、must be healthy.Joan: Its hard to say. Along with the economic growth, there are some problems. Pollution; less farmland; a wide economic gap between the coastal areas and the interior, between the urban and the rural residents, and between the high-income groups and the low-income groups; to name j
8、ust a few.Vincent: What do you suggest for the Chinese economy then?Joan: Im not an economist, and Im not in a position to give advice. But I notice the Chinese government is shifting its focus from GDP growth to more balanced, sustainable economic and social development.Vincent: So, you mean GDP ma
9、y not be an accurate indicator of a country economic performance?Joan: Yeah. In my opinion, GDP is simply a gross measure of market activity, of money changing hands. It makes no distinction whatsoever between the desirable and undesirable.Vincent: Now, I understand why some years ago the GDP of the
10、 United States went up, but the President failed to win re-election.Joan: Right. In spite of the larger GDP, American people found life harder. Many worked longer hours for less pay. Only the rich forged ahead.Vincent: Your talk was really enlightening. Im getting more interested in economics.1. Wha
11、t is true of Chinas GDP growth for the recent two years?2. What is the new goal for the Chinese government?3. What does the woman say about the GDP figure?4. What happened to the President after the American GDP went up some years ago?5. What is the dialog mainly concerned about?Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.C 4.
12、A 5.BTask 2: A Cheap Parking Lot ScriptBefore going to Europe on business, a woman drove her new Rolls-Royce to a (S1) downtown bank in New York City and went in to ask for a (S2) loan of $5,000. The bank officer said the bank would need some kind of (S3) security for the loan, so the women handed o
13、ver the keys to her Rolls-Royce.The car was parked on the street in front of the bank. The bank (S4) agreed to accept the car as collateral for the loan. The banks president and its officers all enjoyed a good laugh at the woman for using a $250,000 Rolls-Royce as collateral (S5) against a $5,000 lo
14、an. An employee of the bank then (S6) proceeded to drive the Rolls into the banks underground garage and parked it there.Two weeks later, the woman walked throuh the banks doors and asked to (S7) settle up her loan and get her car back. “(S8) That will be $5,000 principal, and $20.30 in interest,” t
15、he loan officer said. The woman wrote out a check and started to walk away.“Wait, Miss,” the loan officer said, “(S9) Were very happy to have had your business, and this transaction has worked out very nicely, but we are a little puzzled. While you were away, we checked you out and found that you ar
16、e a multi-millionaire. What puzzles us is why you would bother to borrow $5,000.”The woman replied: “(S10) Where else in Manhattan can I park my car for two weeks for only $20.30 and expect it to be there when I return?”Task3: Doha Round ScriptRich and poor nations struck an historic deal on Sunday
17、to cut billions of dollars in farm subsidies, create more open industrial markets, and resume world trade talks that could boost global growth.After five days of negotiations, the World Trade Organizations 147 member states formally agreed on a framework that lays down the guidelines for its Doha Ro
18、und, which has been in trouble since the collapse of talks almost a year ago in Cancun, Mexico. Failure in the negotiations could have delayed further trade liberalization for years.After an all-night negotiation, key WTO members, including the United States, the EU, Brazil, and Japan, on Saturday h
19、ad agreed to the elimination of export subsidies at a date yet to be set, which has long been a key developing-country demand, to limit other subsidies, and to lower tariff barriers.Rich nations welcomed the new deal, which commits them to a plan to cut back on the huge subsidies they spend on farme
20、rs and give developing nations better access to world markets. U.S. Trade Representative Robert Zoellick called the agreement a “crucial step for global trade”. He said, “Tonight, 147 economies have ensured that 2004 will go down as a productive year for the Doha trade negotiation. Theres a lot of w
21、ork yet to be done. But todays framework is a milestone.”A delegate from Mauritius, which has taken a leading part in the WTO talks on behalf of African nations, said the so-called Group of 90 developing countries could live with the text even if it did not get everything it wanted. The agreement ma
22、kes it clear that the poorest countries will not be forced to contribute to market opening in any area, including services.1. Why of the following would be the best title for the passage?2. How many countries participated in the WTO negotiations and how long did the negotiations last?3. What will ha
23、ppen to export subsidies after the negotiations?4. Who are supposed to reduce their agricultural subsidies?5. What are poor countries supposed to do?Keys: 1.D 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Shop till you drop.Susan: Still reading about how the bubbles going to burst in the U.S. economy?John:
24、 Yeah, and this is an interesting article called, “Shop Till You Drop.”Susan: The rhyme between “shop” and “drop” is cathy, but what does it mean?John: “Shop” and “drop”? You know: buy, buy, and buy, until you fall down from exhaustion.Susan: Is that what the author is telling people to dogo out and
25、 spend money.John: No, hes afraid that consumer consumption is too high at 70 percent of the GDP.Susan: You mean 70 percent of the gross domestic product in the United States?John: Thats right. France and Japan are worried with 55 percent of the GDP.Susan: Whats behind this big rush to buy things in
26、 America?John: I Apparently the search for status symbols: luxury cars, holiday homes.Susan: Amazing. So many people earn enough to buy a Mercedes and two houses.John: They dont; they buy on credit. And too much debt may burst the bubble.MODEL2 The Chinese are working miracles.ScriptSusan: Hey, John
27、!John: Hey! Look at this headline! Chinas foreign trade should reach $1 trillion this year!Susan: Are you sure the figure is correct? How can they keep up such rapid growth for so many years running?John: A senior official of the Ministry of Commerce said so in Beijing Wednesday.Susan: As far as I k
28、now, Chinas foreign trade volume was already $851.2 billion last year, a 37.1 percent jump over the previous year. That volume ranked fourth in the world, following only the United States, Germany, and Japan.Susan: But the Chinese are working miracles. In the first half of this year, foreign trade r
29、eached $523 billion, up 39.1 percent over last year.John: I wonder how it can grow so fast.Susan: The U.S. economy has been very good. Booming consumption has created opportunities for Chinas exports.Susan: Is that the only one reason Chinas exports have increased? No other factors?John: China encou
30、rages exports. Exporters can get rebates from the customs department.Susan: Whats happening with Chinese imports?John: Well, China has met her commitments to the World Trade Organization since she joined two and half years ago. She has gradually been decreasing tariffs and strengthening intellectual
31、 property rights. She has opened her doors to the outside world wider. All these changes have led to an increase in her imports.Susan: You seem to be looking at China through rose-colored glasses.John: China is not without her problems. Some of her state-owned industries have only a blunt competitiv
32、e edge. They have a weak anti-risk capability. Some industries still depend on trade protectionism.Susan: John, I really admire your wide knowledge. I think youll be in line for Nobel Prize in Economics some day.John: Youre just pulling my leg again.MODEL3 I dont know what to say in the seminar.Scri
33、ptNora: Hey John, Professor Brown asked us to discuss the economic gap between the rich and poor nations. But I dont know what to say in the seminar.John: If you dont know anything, dont say anything.Nora: But participation counts for 20 percent of the total grade. Will you tell me what youre going
34、to talk about?John: Will, according to a report by the World Economic Forum, the technology gap between rich and poor countries is closing.Nora: Sounds too good to be true. Only a few years ago, I heard that the gap between the North and the South was widening. Many people in developing countries ar
35、e still struggling below the poverty line.John: Different people may have different opinions on this issue. The World Bank also says the gap is narrowing.Nora: Still, it sounds stange to me. How could it be possible now that the United States and other industrialized nations are developing IT so fas
36、t?John: But its easier for others to copy new technology. Experts say the technological advantages of the developed countries are getting smaller.Nora: Im still unconvinced. Does a narrower technology gap nessarily mean a narrower economic gap?John: Today, information tecnology is the most powerfull
37、 engine for economic growth, so the narrowed technology gap leads to a narrowed economic gap.Nora: OK, Ive learned a lot from you. Now I feel more confident about the seminar.Now Your TurnTask 1 SAMPLE DIALOGPamela: Still reading about how the bubbles going to burst in the real estate market?Simon:
38、Yeah, and this is an interesting article, though what it says may not be true. I think the market is going to be stable.Pamela: I agree. At present, the governments policy seems to be stabilizing property prices. But I dont understand why some people spend so much money on real estate? What was behi
39、nd this big rush to buy houses last year?Simon: Since the interest rates on bank savings were quite low, and the stock market remained a bear market for a long time, its not surprising that investment in housing property rose.Pamela: Were there any other reasons for the race to buy houses last year?
40、Simon: Yeah, a number of other reasons: Some buyers searched for status symbols, some wanted to live more comfortably, and still others expected further rises in property values.Pamela: Amazing. So many people earn enough to buy a large apartment or even two houses.Simon: Most of them dont; they buy
41、 on credit.Pamela: The article says too much debt may burst the bubble.Simon: But I think the market will remain stable, at least in the near future.V. Lets TalkScriptJournalist: Professor Williams, some people argue that the GDP does not reflect the true nature of the economy. Whats your opinion of
42、 the GDP measurement?Professor: The GDP is a core index in the calculation of a national economy. But it shows only whether the economy has grown in a region or a country. What isnt taken into account is the price being extacted from our natural resources and environment to support growth. Chinas mo
43、re than eight percent annual GDP growth in the past depended a lot on high energy consumption and uncontrolled discharge of wastes.Journalist: Can“green GDP” solve the problems?Professor: As a brand-new method of calculating a national economy, the“green GDP” index system takes into consideration bo
44、th the economy and environmental costs. It deducts environmental costs from the traditional gross domestic product. In other words, green GDP equals traditional GDP minus the costs of resources and environmental damage. Green GDP can be regarded as “the genuine GDP”, for it not only reflects economi
45、c growth, but also shows the quality of that growth.Journalist: How will the“green GDP” influence enterprises?Professor: The system will have direct and far-reaching influence on enterprises. Some enterprises attach importance only to costs directly related to their growth, but turn a blind eye to s
46、erious damage to resources and the environment. On the other hand, the macroeconomic departments need to analyze the real economic balance sheet. It is necessary for those departments to calculate the environmental costs in resulting from the activities of enterprises. The“green GDP”index system wil
47、l effectively restrict an enterprises impulse to expand at the expense of resources and the environment. In the long run, the benefits green GDP brings will outweigh the demands imposed on enterprises. China is planning to introduce the“green GDP”index system to ensure balanced, sustainable developm
48、ent and secure the prosperity of future generations.ProblemsThe GDP does not take the costs of natural resourcesand the environment into account. Chinas growth inthe past depended a lot on high energy consumptionand uncontrolled discharge of wastes.Definition of Green GDPThe “green GDP”index system takes into considerat-ion both the economy and environmental costs. Green GDP equals traditional GDP minus the costs of