《新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册UNIT8,9,10.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册UNIT8,9,10.pdf（31页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Uint8II.Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM：Scentists claim the world population has 99.5%of the same DNA.W:But this doesnt tell us there is no such thing as race.Q:What is true of the DNA of difference races?2.ScriptW:With the advent of the genetic map we know where everything is,but do we knowwhere
2、to go with it?M:Your map seems to differ largely from my geographical map!Q:What does the man imply?3.ScriptM:As you know,it has taken millions of years of evolution and natural selection toget us where we are today.W:Yes,but now that we have genetic engineering,we seem to have decided that wewant t
3、o be God.Q:What does the woman imply?4.ScriptM:I think the research into cloning will lead us into dangers,filling us with falsehopes of perfection.W:Its too late to turn back the clock.WeHl just have to depend on common sense tosolve uncommon problems.Q:What does the woman mean?5.ScriptW:In America
4、,many prisoners are having their cases reviewed,and some have evenbeen freed through DNA testing.M:Except for the ones whose death sentence has already been carried out.Q:What can we learn about DNA testing from the dialog?Keys:LB 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.CIII.Listening InTask 1:Stem Cell ResearchScriptGregory
5、:The Republican party in America is opposing stem cell research.I find ithard to believe that in this day and age,someone would do that.Lillian:Stem cell research sounds pretty impressive,Fil admit.But just what is it?Gregory:Well,a stem cell is a special type of cell.It is a general cell that,when
6、itdevides,can become any specific type of cell.Lillian:You mean,a stem cell can become a heart cell?Or a brain or a kidney cell?Gregory:Thats about it.Stem cells are a part of the bodys maintenance and repairsystem.When they divide,they can become any cell type.Lillian:I guess there would be some tr
7、emendous medical advantages in that sort ofresearch.Gregory:Youve said a mouthful.Recently,scientists were able to help a man wholost a jawbone for cancer.They recreated bone material for his jaw from stemcells.What it means is that since the new bone was created out of thepersons own cells,there wa
8、s no problem with rejection because the DNAwas the same.Lillian:I bet the person was delighted.Why would anyone oppose that sort ofresearch?It would seem to have endless potential to benefit the human race.Gregory:I agree,but there are people who think we should not interfere with natureand manipula
9、te“what is natural”.Lillian:Its easier to hold such a narrow view if youre not in a position to need thebenefits of the research.If you9re missing a jawbone because of cancer,youprobably support the research.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.Who is against stem cell research?3.What is special abo
10、ut a stem cell?4.When can a stem cell become another cell type?5.According to the passage,why do some people oppose stem cell research?Keys:LB 2.A 3.A 4.A 5,DTask 2:The Improvement of RiceScriptScientists now know a lot more about a grain that people have eaten for ten thousandyears.(SI)Research tea
11、ms around the world have completed a map of the(S2)genrsof rices.The findings appeared last week in the(S3)journal Nature.The aim is to speed up the improvement of rice.The scientists(S4)warn that thekinds of rice plants used now have reached the limit of their(S5)productivity.Yetworld rice producti
12、on must(S6)grow by an estimated 30 percent in the next twenty tomeet demand.By 2025,as many as 4.6 billion people will depend on rice for(S7)survival.There is a lot of pressure on breeders to improve the crop,and the ricegenome is a valuable tool to do that.(S8)Plant breeders have already usedprelim
13、inary infoirnation from the rice genome to create experimental strains of ricethat better resist cold and pests.The researchers also say rice is an excellent choice for genetic mapping andengineering.Rice genes have only about 390 million chemical bases.That maightsound like a lot.But other major fo
14、od grains have thousands of millions.(S9)Thenew map could better explain more than just rice.Rice shares a common ancestorwith other cereal crops.Because rice is the first cereal crop to be fully analyzed,researchers expect that sufficient knowledge of its genetic information will reveal theheredity
15、 of more complex grains,including com,wheat and barley.(S10)While significant progress has been made in the analysis of the rice gencme,themapping of human genes is also making headway.When scientists can identify andmanipulate genes that cause certain diseases,mankind will cure them easily.Thehuman
16、 genetic map may help us control a persons height,weight,appearance andeven length of life.Task3:The First Cloned CatScriptIn the age-old battle of cats and dogs,score one for the cats.Researchers at TexasA&M University recently announced that they have successfully cloned a cat nameRainbow-the firs
17、t pet ever cloned-after several years of unsuccessful efforts toclone a dog name Missy.The ork,financed by a company hoping to provide pet-cloning services to wealthyowners,adds cats to a growing list of successfully cloned animals that includes pigs,sheep,cattle and mice.The success demonstrates cl
18、oning is a technology that could be transferred to otheranimal families as well.The accomplishment may provide new tools for studyingdiseases such as cats AIDS,a valuable research model for AIDS in humans.Research into animal cloning remains an important scientific alternative until theissue of huma
19、n cloning is settled.And that seems unlikly in the immediate future,forit involves religious and moral principles.There are,for example,groups that insist noone should be allowed to take on the role of God the Creator.To create cloned cat embryos for the experiment,researchers transferred DNA fromad
20、ult cat cells into egg cells stripped of their own genetic information.Out of 82attempts with cloned embryos,one attempt resulted in a failed pregnancy,and anotheryielded a kitten named CC,delivered from a surrogate mother on December 22.Thekittens name refers to Carbon Copy”and Copycat”,the name of
21、 the cloningproject.Cloning attempts with dogs have proven unsuccessful in part becausedogs5reproductive cycles are more complicated.The technique may also work with endangered cats such as the African wildcat,fishing cat and blackfooted cat.Ironically,the increased knowledge of cat reproduction may
22、 best be suited fordeveloping cat contraceptives to control the U.S.cat population.1 .Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?1.What did researchers at Texas A&M University recently announce?2.Which animals are NOT mentioned in the passage as having been cloned?3.According to
23、the passage,why is human cloning unlikely to happen in the nearfuture?4.What does the passage say about the pregnancy and birth in cat cloning?Keys:l.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.CIV.Speaking OutMODEL 1 Why are people protesting againstgenetically modified foods?Susan:With so many people suffering from malnutrit
24、ion around the world,why arepeople protesting against genetically modified foods?Chris:Some people are protesting about genetically modified foods,but even morepeople are protesting the fact that processed foods containing theseingredients arent labeled.Susan:But why should they be labeled?Chris:Not
25、 everyone is sure that genetically modified foods are safe.They want to becertain that biotech foods have the sme composition as organic foods.Susan:But there are more urgent problems in this world.Many people are dying ofstarvation.Chris:But those who arent starving may want genetically modified fo
26、ods to belabeled so they know what foods they should andd shouldnt eat.Susan:You know,I heard of a genetically modified fish that grew to be ten times itsnormal size.Chris:That sure sounds abnnirnal.Susan:Yeah,it does sound a bit strange,but that fish could feed ten times as manypeople.Chris:Youre r
27、ight;genetically modified food might help solve world hunger.But Ithink we have a right to know what we are eating.MODEL2 Do you think the cloning of humansshould be forbidden by law?ScriptSusan:After the cloning of Dolly the sheep,I think human cloning is next.John:Whoa.I have soma reservations abo
28、ut it.There are stll many scientificproblemsto solve before human cloning starts.Susan:Theres an easier way.The Clonaid Company says theyve cloned humans.John:Oh,my God!These guys claim aliens from another planet taught them humancloning.Susan:A woman gave them half a million dollars to clone her de
29、ad daughter.John:Clearly that woman doesnt know much about cloning.How risky it is!Susan:I know its inefficient.It took 276 tries to produce Dolly.But why is it risky?John:Cloned animals grow abnormally large and age unnaturally fast.Susan:In other words,that woman may not be happy with her cloned d
30、aughter.John:Then there are the emotions.No one knows if cloning damages the mind.Susan:Do you think the cloning of humans should be forbidden by law?John:To my mind,the cloning of human organs shouldnt bn orohabitnd.It may helpsolve medical problems.Susan:I see your point:cloning should be regulate
31、d if its to benefit humanity.MODEL3 Is it interfering with nature?ScriptNora:Some religious groups are opposed to genetic research.They believe itsinterfering with nature.John:I know.But nature can be pretty hard-nosed too,so we often need to interferewith herwe build dams to control flooding.Nora:T
32、here9re many diseases that are a part of nature,and they cause people a greatdeal of misery:cancer and diabetes,for example.John:A better understanding of the genetic code that controls our body would be agreat help in curing many diseases.Nora:The project to map the human genetic code.whats that ca
33、lled?John:The genome project.As you say,it has tremendous promise to make our livesbetter-just in the ability to identify and correct geneticallycaused diseaseslike Alzheimers.Nora:Some diseases like cancer are also believed to have a genetic switch.John:Thats right,and once researchers identify the
34、 switch,perhaps they can turn offcancer or Alzheimers.Nora:People are also concerned that science will enable us to determine suchqualities as intelligence and height.John:You know its going to happenits just a matter of when.Nora:Imagine if everyone was a combination of Yao Ming and Albert Einstein
35、.John:But what if they get it wrong,and you wind up with Yao Mings knowledge ofnuclear physics and Albert Einsteins height?Nora:All those religious groups would say that it served you right.Now Your TurnTasklSAMPLE DIALOGJane:Some countries are suffering from crop failure and famine,but why do theyr
36、efuse genetically modified crops and foods?Bob:And many Europeans insist that processed foods containing GM ingredients belabeled.Jane:Why should they be labeled?Bob:Not everyone is sure that genetically modified foods are safe.They want tocertain that biotech foods have the same composition as trad
37、itional foods.Jane:But there are more urgent problems in this world.Many people are dying offamine.Bob:But those who arent hungry may want all genetically modified products to belabeled so they know exactly what theyre eating.Jane:You know,Ive heard of a GM fish that was ten times larger than a norm
38、al fish.Bob:That really sounds abnormal.Jane:Some famine-stricken people are afraid GM crops will overpower and eliminatetheir native crops.Bob:Sounds alarming.Jane:Yeah,but GM foods can feed many people.Bob:Youre right;they could solve the problem of starvation in the world.But I thinkwe have a rig
39、ht to know what we are eating.GM food should be labeled.V.Lefs TalkScriptCorrespondent:In the U.S.what percentage of people support biotech crops?And dothose who support biotech crops also eat biotech foods?Whatpercentage of food on the market has genetically modifiedingredients?Professor:U.S.consum
40、ers have been exposed to a very effectiveanti-biotechnology propaganda campaign for the last few years,butaccording to polls,over 70%support biotechnology.For example,ina recent referendum in Oregon,voters rejected a proposal to requirespecial labels on all products containing biotech ingredients by
41、 anoverwhelming 73%to 27%.Thats probably because consumersknow that we have an effective administrative system.Many mayalso know that 70-80%of the processed food products onsupermarket shelves contain one or more ingredients from biotechcrops.All Americans eat biotech foods unless they deliberately
42、seekout products that are labeled otherwise.Evidence suggests that thisis less than 5%of consumers.Correspondent:Chinese scientists have used biotechnology to create a new type oftomato,which contains the vaccine against hepatitis B.Whats yourtake on this?Professor:Its a great example of how this te
43、chnology can be used to save lives,ease pain and suffering and improve the human condition.How cananyone be opposed to that?My only hope is that the clinical trials ofthis new tomato go well,and that it is quickly delivered tohealth-care providers who will use it to vaccinate people againsthepatitis
44、.By the way,please note that I do think that such newpharmaceutical foods need to be handled as medicines byprofessionals and not as conventional foods.You will never seethese tomatoes in the supermarket.In a sense,the tomato plant isjust being used to manufacture a vaccine in a very safe andeconomi
45、cal manner.U.S.Consumers attitude toBiotechOver 70%of U.S.consumers supportbiotechnology.ExamplesIn a recent referendum in Oregon,voters rejecteda proposal to require special labels on all productscontaining biotech ingredients by anoverwhelming 73%to 27%.Chinese Progress in BiotechChinese scientist
46、s have used biotechnology tocreate a nnw type of tomato,which contains thevaccine against hepatitis B.Significance of the ProgressThis technology can be used to save lives,easepain and suffering and improve the humancondition.The Professor AdviceI do think that such new phairnaceutical foodsneed to
47、be handled as medicines by professionalsand not as conventional foods.VI.Further Listening and SpeakingTaskl:Confident enough to control your fate?ScriptSome people are bom with the belief that they are masters of their own lives.Othersfeel they are at the mercy of fate.New research shows that part
48、of those feelings are inthe genes.Psychologists have long known that people confident in their ability to control theirfates are more likely to adjust well to growing old than those who feel they drift onthe currents of fate.Two researchers who questioned hundreds of Swedish twins report that suchco
49、nfidence,or lack of it,is partly genetic and partly drawn from experience.They also found that the belief in blind luck-a conviction that chance plays a bigrole in life-is something learned in life and has nothing to do with heredity.The research was conducted by Nancy Pedersen,a professor of psycho
50、logy at theUniversity of Southern California in Los Angeles.The results were recently publishedin the United States in the Journal of Gerontology.People who are confident of their ability to control their lives have an internal locusof control”,and have a better chance of being well adjusted in thei