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1、第一学期 九年级英语语法专题复习(通用版)动词不定式 重难考点总结与练习(含解析)中考适用 实验中学 初中英语教研室 整理一、动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身没有词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。二、动词不定式的句法功能1.作主语。动词不定式作主语常后置,用it作形式主语。Its not easy for us to speak English.对我们来说讲英语不容易.不定式作主语时,常用it代替,作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末。常见句型有:(1)It is/ was+ adj.+ for/of sb.
2、+ to do sth.Its useful for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说是有用的。注意介词for/of的使用取决于其前面的形容词。如果是表示人的品质的形容词(kind,good,nice,clever等),介词用of。如果是表示事物性质的形容词(important,necessary,useful,dangerous等),介词则用for。Its very kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好了。Its very important for him to play the piano well.对他来说,弹好钢琴是很重要
3、的。(2)It is/was+ adj.+ to do sth.Its not easy to pass the exam.通过考试不容易。(3)It is/ was+ n.+to do sth.It is my pleasure to help you.我很高兴帮助你。(4)It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.It took me the whole day to clean the house.我花了一整天时间把屋子打扫干净。2.作表语。多数情况下不定式作表语可转换为主语。Her work is to clean the office every d
4、ay.=To clean the office every day is her work.她的工作是每天打扫办公室。3.作宾语。只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语。He wants to play basketball after class.下课后他想去打篮球。注意常用动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)有:agree(同意),plan(计划),want(想要),learn(学会),expect(期望),decide(决定),wish(希望),pretend(假装),arrange(安排),promise(答应),refuse(拒绝),prepare(准备),hope(希望),begin(
5、开始),would like(想要),manage(设法),try(努力),forget(忘记),help(帮助)等。They agreed to leave at once.他们同意立即离开。You should learn to finish the work by yourself.你应该学着独立完成工作。在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面。I find it interesting to play chess.我发现下棋很有趣。4.作宾语补足语。不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主动关系。My mother asked me to l
6、earn English well.我妈妈让我学好英语。注意一些使役动词和感官动词(词组)也用不定式作宾语补足语,这时要省略to。这些动词(词组)有一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to),三让(let,make,have),四看(look at,see,watch,notice)5.作定语。在句中修饰名词、代词等,放在所修饰的词之后说明所修饰词的内容等。Do you have anything to say?你有什么要说的吗?注意不定式有时起形容词的作用,修饰名词、代词,在句中充当定语。不定式作定语时,它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。She is the first to
7、 come to the classroom.她是第一个来到教室的人。如果不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作发生的地点、工具等,不定式后面就应有必要的介词。I need some paper to write on.我需要一些纸写字。当不定式所修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后面习惯上要省略介词。My grandparents had no place to live(in)before liberation.解放前我的祖父母没有住的地方。两个或多个不定式短语表示并列关系时,后面不定式符号可以省略。She told the child to stay
8、 there and wait till she came back.她告诉这个孩子待在这里等着直到她回来。6.作状语。不定式作状语的逻辑主语与句子主语保持一致,可表原因或目的。Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)我很抱歉麻烦你She went to the library to borrow some books.(表目的)她去图书馆借了一些书。7.疑问词+不定式。不定式可以和疑问词who,what,which,when,how,where连用构成不定式短语,在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。该句型常可与宾语从句互换。He didnt know how to answe
9、r her.他不知道该怎样回答她。I dont know what to do.=I dont know what I should do.我不知道应该做什么。注意按英语习惯,疑问词why后面通常不接不定式。但在以why或why not开头的省略型疑问句中,其后可跟不带to的不定式。why not+动词原形?表示“为什么不做呢?”表示提建议:Why not ask the teacher for help?Why get upset just because you got a bad mark?何必因为没有考好就想不开呢?Youre looking tired. Why not take a
10、 holiday?你一脸倦容,怎么不休假呢?8.动词不定式的特殊句型(1)too.to.表示“太 而不能The boy is too young to look after himself.那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。(2).enough to.表示“足够”He is old enough to go to school.他到了上学的年龄了。3)Why dont you +动词原形?=Why not+不带to的不定式?表示“为什么不?”Why dont you get her a photo album?=Why not get her a photo album?为什么不给她买个相册呢?(4
11、)had better+(not)+不带to的不定式,表示“最好(不)做”。Youd better not stay there today.你今天最好别待在那儿。(5)Will you please+不带to的不定式?表示“你能吗?”Will you please close the door?你能把门关上吗?同义表达:could you please+动词原形?would you please+动词原形?(6)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.表示“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”I prefer to stay at home rather than go
12、 shopping.我宁愿待在家里也不愿去购物。9.不定式作独立成分。这种不定式独立于句子之外,表示说话者的态度、语气等,又称评论性状语。To be honest,I dont like him very much.老实说,我不太喜欢他。To tell you the truth,we dont want to have you.告诉你实话吧,我们不想和你在一起。提分必练1. Their parents dont allow them _ in the river because its really dangerous A. swim B. swimmingC. to swim D. swa
13、m2. Larry hopes _ his English,so he keeps practicing it every day.A.to solve B. solvingC. to improve D. improving3. -Jack,remember _off the lights when _your bedroom.-OK,I wont forget,Mom.A. turning;leaving B.to turn;leaveC. turning;left D.to turn;leaving4. After long years of war,many people in Syr
14、ia are homeless. I think it important _ a peaceful world.A. build B. not buildC.to build D. not to build5. -Mr. Wu has recommended many books. Have you decided_ first?Yes. The Little Prince.A. how to read B. which to readC. when to read D. where to read6. Harry invited me _ with him when his parents
15、 were out of town.A. stay B. stayedC. staying D. to stay7. I didnt see you _ in. You must have been very quiet.A. comes B.to comeC. come D. have come8. For more than once,our head teacher asks us _ the habit of keeping a diary.A. develop B. developsC. developing D.to develop9. We only planned _ the
16、play for an hour,but in the end,we stayed for three hours.A. watch B. watchesC. to watch D. watched10. -I didnt hear you come in just now.-Thats good. We tried _ any noise,for you were sleeping.A. not make B. not to makeC. to make D. making11. Taiji is my favorite and I often play it _ healthy.A. to
17、 keep B. keepsC. keeping D. kept12. -Do you climb mountains every day?-Yes. _a little exercise. Im so out of shape.A. getting B. getC. got D.to get13. Dont throw away the waste paper.It needs _so that it can be reused.A.to destroy B. destroyingC.to collect D. collecting14. These people dress themsel
18、ves in bloody shark suits. They tell people _ shark fins in order to protect sharks.A. eat B. to eatC. not eat D. not to eat15. The show was so funny that it made everyone _ again and again.A. laugh B. laughedC. laughing D.to laugh1.C 解析:句意:他们的父母不允许他们在河里游泳,因为这真的很危险。allow sb.to do sth.是固定用法,表示“允许某人做某
19、事”2.C解析:句意:拉里希望提高他的英语水平,因此他每天坚持练习。hope to do sth.希望做某事,所以排除B和D两项;根据句意“提高英语水平”可知,动词用improve.3.D 解析:句意:-杰克,离开卧室的时候记得把灯关掉。-好的。我不会忘记的,妈妈。根据句意可知,杰克还没有离开,所以关灯这件事还没有做。remember to do sth.记得去做某事。第一句的后半句是时间状语从句,Jack与leave之间是主动关系,要用现在分词表伴随。故选D项。4.C解析:句意:经过数年长时间的战争,许多的叙利亚人失去了家园。我认为建立一个和平的世界非常重要。本题中,it为形式宾语,不定式t
20、o build.作真正的宾语。5.B解析:句意:-吴先生已经推荐了许多书。你已经决定先读哪一本了吗?-是的。小王子。“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”在句中作宾语,which to read表示“读哪一本,which作动词read的宾语。6.D 解析:句意:哈利邀请我在他父母亲不在城里的时候去陪他待着。invite sb.to do sth.是固定结构,意为“邀请某人做某事”,所以选D项。7.C 解析:句意:我没有看见你进来。你一定是悄悄进来的。see sb.do sth.意为“看见某人做某事。8.D 解析:句意:不止一次,我们班主任要求我们养成记日记的习惯。ask sb.to do sth.要求某人
21、做某事。故选D项。9.C 解析:句意:我们仅计划观看一个小时的戏剧,但最后,我们在那儿待了三个小时。表示“计划做某事”应用plan to do sth.。故选C项。10.B 解析:try to do sth.意为“努力/尽力做某事,否定式为try not to do sth.,此处表达“尽量不去制造任何噪音”。所以选择答.案B项。11.12.D 解析:句意:-你每天都爬山吗?-是的,为了做一点运动。我的身体太走样了。本句可理解为I climb mountains every day to get a little exercise.。动词不定式短语在本句中作目的状语。故选D项。13.D 解析:句意:别乱扔废纸。它需要收集起来再利用。物作主语,用need doing sth.。故选D项。14.D 解析:句意:这些人用血腥的鲨鱼服来装扮他们自己,他们告诉人们为了保护鲨鱼不要吃鱼翅。tell sb. not to do sth. 意为“告诉某人不要做某事”。故选D项。15.A 解析:句意:这个节目如此有趣让大家大笑不止。make在主动句中后接省略to的不定式充当宾补,make sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,故选A项。学科网(北京)股份有限公司