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1、绝密启用前2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语（北京卷 ）本试卷共 14页，共 120分。考试时长 100分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。学& 科网第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节单项填空（共 15小题；每小题 1分，共 15分）从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：It s so nice to hear from her again. _, we last met more than thirty years ago.A. What s moreB. T
2、hats to sayC. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是 D。1. Hi, I m Peter. Are you new here? I haven t seen you around. Hello, Peter. I m Bob. I just _ on Monday.A. start B. have started C. started D. had started 2. _ we don t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A.
3、Although B. While C. If D. Until 3. _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled 4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. h
4、as worked D. had worked 5. She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared 7. China s high-
5、speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A. are growing B. have grown C. will grow D. had grown 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 8. In any unsafe situation, simply _ the button and a highly-tra
6、ined agent will get you the help you need. A. press B. to press C. pressing D. pressed 9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days. A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped 10. Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with b
7、acteria effectively. A. used B. to use C. using D. use 11. With out his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why 12. In today s information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company.A. need B. should C. can D. must 13. They might have found a better hotel
8、 if they _ a few more kilometers. A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven 14. Good morning, Mr. Lees office. Good morning. Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon.A. for B. on C. in D. at 15. This is _ my father has taught me to always face difficulties and hope for
9、the best. A. how B. which C. that D. what 第二节完形填空（共 20小题；每小题 1.5分，共 30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。The Homeless Hero For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with 400 in cash would be a source（来源）of temptation （诱惑）. But the 16 would no doubt be greater if you were living
10、 on the streets with little food and money. All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable. After spotting a 18 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down, he stood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 19 to return. After hours in the cold
11、 and wet, he 20 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping to find some ID so he could contact （联系）the driver, only to 21 it contained 400 in notes, with another 50 in spare change beside it. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - He
12、 then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe. When the cars owner John Anderson and his colleague Carol Lawrence returned to the carwhich was itself worth 35, 000in Glasgow city centre, they were 23 to find two policemen standing next to i
13、t. The policemen told them what Mr. Smith did and that the wallet was 24 . The pair were later able to thank Mr. Smith for his 25 . Mr. Anderson said: I couldnt believe that the guy never took a penny. To think he is sleeping on the streets tonight 26 he could have stolen the money and paid for a pl
14、ace to stay in. This guy has nothing and 27 he didn t take the wallet for himself ；he thought about others 28 . Its unbelievable. It just proves there are 29 guys out there.Mr. Smith s act 30 much of the publics attention. He also won praise from social media users after Mr. Anderson 31 about the ac
15、t of kindness on Facebook.zxxk Now Mr. Anderson has set up an online campaign to 32 money for Mr. Smith and other homeless people in the area, which by yesterday had received 8,000. I think the faith that everyone has shown 33 him has touched him . People have been approaching him in the street; hes
16、 had job 34 and all sorts, Mr. Anderson commented. For Mr. Smith, this is a possible life-changing 35 . The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another. 16. A. hope B. aim C. urge D. effort 17. A. still B. even C. ever D. once 18. A. wallet B. bag C. box D. parcel 19. A. partner B.
17、 colleague C. owner D. policeman 20. A. turned B. hid C. stepped D. reached 21. A. discover B. collect C. check D. believe 22. A. taking B. leaving C. reading D. writing 23. A. satisfied B. excited C. amused D. shocked 24. A. safe B. missing C. found D. seen 25. A. service B. support C. kindness D.
18、encouragement 26. A. when B. if C. where D. because 27. A. rather B. yet C. already D. just 28. A. too B. though C. again D. instead 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - 29. A. honest B. polite C. rich D. generous 30. A. gave B.
19、 paid C. cast D. drew 31. A. learned B. posted C. cared D. heard 32. A. borrow B. raise C. save D. earn 33. A. of B. at C. for D. in 34. A. details B. changes C. offers D. applications 35. A. lesson B. adventure C. chance D. challenge 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节， 40分) 第一节（共 15小题；每小题2分，共 30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、 B、C、D四
20、个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A My First Marathon（马拉松 ）A month before my first marathon, one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks, leaving me only two weeks to train. Yet, I was determined to go ahead. I remember back to my 7th year in school. In my first P.E. class, the teach
21、er required us to run laps and then hit a softball. I didn t do either well. He later informed me that I was not athletic . The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years. When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself, not about competition or whether or
22、not I was athletic. It was all about the battle against my own body and mind. A test of wills! The night before my marathon, I dreamt that I couldn t even find the finish line. I woke up sweating and nervous, but ready to prove something to myself. Shortly after crossing the start line, my shoe lace
23、s( 鞋带 ) became untied. So I stopped to readjust. Not the start I wanted! At mile 3, I passed a sign: GO FOR IT, RUNNERS! By mile 17, I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly. Despite the pain, I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again. By mile 21, I was starving! A
24、s I approached mile 23, I could see my wife waving a sign. She is my biggest fan. She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m. or questioned my expenses on running. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - I was one of the fi
25、nal runners to finish. But I finished! And I got a medal. In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had. zxxkDetermined to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签 ), I can now call myself a marathon winner . 36. A month before the marathon,
26、the author _. A. was well trained B. felt scared C. made up his mind to run D. lost hope 37. Why did the author mention the P.E. class in his 7th year? A. To acknowledge the support of his teacher. B. To amuse the readers with a funny story. C. To show he was not talented in sports. D. To share a pr
27、ecious memory. 38. How was the author s first marathon? A. He made it. B. He quit halfway. C. He got the first prize. D. He walked to the end. 39. What does the story mainly tell us? A. A man owes his success to his family support. B. A winner is one with a great effort of will. C. Failure is the mo
28、ther of success. D. One is never too old to learn. B Find Your Adventure at the Space and Aviation(航空 ) CenterIf you re looking for a unique adventure, the Space and Aviation Center (SAC) is the place to be. The Center offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands -on tasks and lots o
29、f fun.More than 750,000 have graduated from SAC, with many seeking employment in engineering, aviation, education, medicine and a wide variety of other professions. They come to camp, wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot, and they leave with real -world applications for what
30、 theyre studying in the classroom.For the trainees, the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges( 荣誉徽章 ). At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated(模拟 ) flying to space with the crew from
31、 all over the world. The Aviation Challenge program gives 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge. They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(
32、 驾驶舱学 *科网) of a variety of flight simulators. Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about water - and land-survival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of downed pilot.With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of
33、leadership and being part of a bigger task.All this fun is available for ages 9 to 18. Families can enjoy the experience together, too, with Family Camp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week there is something here for everyone!For more details, please visit u
34、s online at .40. Why do people come to SAC?A. To experience adventures.B. To look for jobs in aviation.C. To get a degree in engineering.D. To learn more about medicine.41. To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to .A. fly to spaceB. get an Aviation badge firstC. study the principles of
35、flightD. build and fire model rockets42. What is the most important for trainees?A. Leadership.B. Team spirit.C. Task planning.D. Survival skills.CPlastic -Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场 ), and up to 12 mil
36、lion tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - Researchers in Spain and Engl
37、and recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm tha
38、t the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物学科 .网) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes ( 酶) from the worms stomachs. Their findings were
39、published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co -author of the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic. Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, she exp
40、lains, The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of b
41、reaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物 )?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in la
42、ndfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. 43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D
43、. They wind up in landfills.44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical
44、 might .A. help to raise worms名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 14 页 - - - - - - - - - B. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future46. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study met
45、hod on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.DPreparing Cities for Robot CarsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real
46、 world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driver
47、less taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology has the potential to change ou
48、r transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars(and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can help reduce
49、 traffic jams, cut emissions(排放) and offer more convenient, affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a
50、 future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles. They tolerate long, slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride, which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty ve