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1、字母音标教学1、字母的分类：元音字母： Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu 辅音字母： Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Ww Xx Zz 半元音字母： Yy 2、字母自身的音素字母Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg 音素ei bi: si: di: i: ef d?i: 字母Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn 音素eit? ai d?ei kei el em en 字母Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt 音素?u pi: kju: : es ti: 字母Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz 音素ju: vi: d?blj
2、u: eks wai zed 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - 二、国际音标英语音标发音表英语国际音标共 48 个音素，其中元音音素20 个，辅音音素 28 个。国际音标（英语语音）元音单元音前元音i: i e ?中元音 ? ?: ? 后元音u: u ?: ? a: 双元音开合双元音ei ai ?i ?u au 集中双元音i ? ? u ? 辅音爆破音清辅音p t k 浊辅音b d g 摩擦音清辅音f s ? h
3、 浊辅音v z ? e破擦音清辅音t ? tr ts 浊辅音d ? dr dz 鼻音（浊辅音）m n ? 舌则音（浊辅音）l r 半元音（浊辅音）w j 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - 英 语 国 际 音 标 训 练 材 料音标英语字母或单词例子/i:/ E/i:/he /hi:/ key /ki:/ three / ri:/ m eet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ is /iz/ list /list
4、/ his /hiz/ six /siks/ /e/ egg/eg/ red/red/ bed /bed/ pen /pen/ seven/sev?n/ well/wel/ spell/spel/ /?/ am/?m/ bag/b?g/ map/m?p/ black/bl?k/ jacket/d?kit/ / ?:/ four /f ?:/ ball/b?:l/ horse/h?: s/ saw/s?:/ course/k?:s/ / ?/ dog/d?g/ orange/ ?rind?/ what /w ?t/ clock /kl ?k/ /a:/ are /a:/ card /ka:d/
5、last/la:st/ /u:/ blue /blu:/ ruler / ru:l?/ to /tu:/ two /tu:/ food/fu:d/ /u/ good /gud/ book /buk/ look/luk/ put/put/ would/wud/ could/kud/ /?/ color/k?l?/ bus/b?s/ but/b?t/ love/l ?v/ brother/ br?e?/ mother/m?e?/ /?:/ girl /g ?:l/ her /h?:/ first/f ?:st/ /?/ ruler / ru:l?/ color / k?l?/ better/bet
6、?/ never/nev?/ welcome/welk ?m/ /ei/ A/ei/ name/neim/ cake/keik/ Dale /deil/ eight/eit/ case/keis/ /?u/ O/?u/ OK /?u kei/ know /n ?u/ no/n?u/ home/h?um/ hope/h?up/ /ai/ I/ai/ my/mai/ hi/hai/ nice/nais/ five/faiv/ fine/fain/ white/wait/ /au/ how/hau/ about/? baut/ out/aut/ house/haus/ / ? i/ boy/b?i/
7、 toy /t?i/ noise/n?iz/ voice/v ?is/ point/p?int/ coin/k?in/ /i?/ ear/i?/耳朵here/hi?/ dear /di?/ near/ni?/ idea/ai di?/ hear/hi?/ / ?/ chair /t? / air/ ?/ tear/t ?/ care/k ?/ fair /f ?/ there/e ?/ /u?/ tour/tu?/ poor/pu?/ sure/?u?/ 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - -
8、- - - - 第 3 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - 英 语 国 际 音 标 训 练 材 料音标英语字母或单词例子/p/ pen /pen/ map/m?p/ cap/k?p/ please /pli:z/ /b/ bag /b?g/ book/buk/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ black/bl?k/ bear/b ?/ /t/ what /w?t/ quilt/kwilt/ list/list/ /d/ dog/d?g/ good /gud/ led/led/ sad/s?d/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di?/ /k/ key/ki:
9、/ book /buk/ clock/kl ?k/ /g/ bag /b?g/ good /gud/ girl /g ?:l/ /f/ five/faiv/ fine/fain/ four/f ?:/ family / f?m?li/ /v/ five/faiv/ have /h?v/ love/l?v/ very/ veri/ / /thank/ ?k/ three / ri:/ south/sau / bath/ba: / thick/ik/ /e/ this /eis/ that/e?t/ broth er/ br?e?/ the/e?/ they/eei/ father / fa:e?
10、/ /s/ spell/spel/ face /feis/（脸）mouse/maus/ /z/ zero /zi?r?u/ close/kl?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?iz/ pens/penz/ /t?/ chair /t? / chess /t?es/（棋） lunch/l ?nt?/ teacher / ti: t?/ /d?/ orange/?rind ?/ jacket/d?kit/ Jack/d?k/ large/la:d?/ juice/d?u:s/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ （树）try/trai/ truck/tr ?k/ true/tru:/ tro
11、uble/ tr?bl/ track/tr?k/ /dr/ dry/drai/( 使变干 ) dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ dr ink/dri?k/ hun dred/ h?ndrid/ /?/ she/?i:/ fish/fi ?/ English / i?gli?/ sharpener/?a:p?n?/ shoe/?u:/ /?/ pleasure/ ple?/ measure/ me?/ television/ telivi?n/ /ts/ its/its/ whats/w ?ts/ let s/lets/ sports/sp ?:ts/ writes/raits/
12、 seats/si:ts/ /dz/ hands/h?ndz/ birds/b?:dz/ friends/frendz/ beds/bedz/ stands/st?ndz/ /h/ how/hau/ her /h?:/ he/hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ hear/hi?/ half/ha:f/ 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - /l/ ruler /ru:l?/ list/list/ lik
13、e/laik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ light/lait/ /m/ my/mai/ map /m?p/ M ary/ meri/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ /n/ nice /nais/ nine /nain/ fine/fain/ mind/maind/ /?/evening / i:vni?/ English/ i?gli?/ sing/si?/ wi ng/wi?/ ring /ri?/ /j/ you/ju:/ yellow / jel?u/ few/fju:/ music/mju:zik/ student/ stju:d
14、nt/ beautiful/bju:t ?fl/ /w/ what/w?t/ well/wel/ white /wait/ work/w ?:k/ way/wei/ /r/ red /red/ ruler/ ru:l?/ road/r?ud/ write/rait/ （w 不发音 ) wrong/r ?/ 26 个字母发音规律及英语字母组合发音表a /ei/ name cake table /? / apple cat map am / : / want dance /o/ what watch b /b/ book big bag box c /k/ cat cake cup clock c
15、ar /s/ face nice pencil books d /d/ desk doll dog dad e /i:/ he she meet me /e/ elephant egg bed pen f /f/ fine friend fly foot fan g / / gun glass glad glove /d / age orange h /h/ hat he house hand i /ai / fine bike five ice /i/ is sit miss pig picture j / d / jeep jam jacket jark /k/ kite cake bla
16、ck thank l /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp /l/ apple bowl tell old m /m/ am map my mouth milk n /n/ no know new hand o /?u / old home nose coke /o/ dog not clock box / / son month mother love p /p/ map jeep pig pen apple q /kw / quite quilt quick r /r/ red radio brother racket s /s/ sit miss this smile
17、 books /z/ nose those rose rulers t /t/ it sit not that table little u /ju: / use usually excuse / / bus us sun duck / u / put pull push v /v / five vase very seven w /w/ we window watch want x /ks / box six fox y /ai / my fly why bye / j / yes yellow / i / happy baby very z / z / zoo zero 名师资料总结 -
18、- -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - 元音字母组合发音表元 音 字母组合位置读音例词例外ar 重读a:mark carve article party market March farm hard 在 W 后?:warm warn reward war 非重读? grammar er 重读?:service certain serve 非重读?worker farmer teacher or 重读?:form important co
19、rner horse 在 W 后?:work word world worth 非重读? mirror doctor forbid forget ur 重读?:church Thursday nurse turn return 非重读?surprise surround murmur ir 重读?:thirsty dirty first girl a ai 重读音节eitailor remain grain sail praise raise brain said e非重读音节icaptain ?certain au ?:cause aunt a:al ?:walk ball all talk
20、 half a:alms a:?:lalways almost already although aw ?:draw dawn saw air e?fair affair hair upstairs are e?dare glare share compare careful area:augh ?:taught caught daughter naughty laugha:fay 重读音节eidelay play say way today says e非重读音节iSunday Monday ea i: repeat leaf lead peace disease cream esweate
21、r thread headache heavy breakfast 特殊eigreat greatly break i?real idea theatre ee i:sleep freely weed steel degree i?appear clear near hear dear ear heart a:名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - e ear ?:heard learn earn early sear
22、ch e?wear bear swear pear ei ireceive seize ceiling ew ju:few new news sew?u在l，r 后u:blew flew threw drew ere e?there where here i?ey 重读音节eigrey hey obey key i:非重读音节imonkey donkey eigh eiweight eight eighty i ie i:piece thief field chief dietai?quietai?ailie tie die ire ai?wire inspire hire tire igh
23、airight fight night high bright light o oa ?uloaf road soap coat boat broad?:abroad ?:oi ?ivoice noise point choice oy ?itoy boy joy joyful oo 在 其他 字 母前u:roof choose school shoot woolufootu在 k，d 前utook look cook stood wood good foodu:flood ?blood ?oor ?:floor door pooru?ou aupound rouse mountain tro
24、users ground thousand shoulder?usoul?u?couple cousin double country touch trouble u:route group routine soup ucould should would ough ?:fought bought brought thought though?uplough aucough ?fthroughu:thorough?enough ?faudown brown flower 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整
25、理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - ow ?ubowl sow window row owner low show throw grow knowledge?u ure 重读音节u?sure surely 非重读音节?:pleasure 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - 辅音字母组合发音（全）字母组合发音词例ble blable table possibl
26、e ch ? chair kschool ? machine ck kjacket cle kluncle circle bicycle deg d3bridge judge knowledge ge d3age change village huge gh flaugh 有时不发音eight daughter gu w language guess gn nsign foreign gue league kn nknow knife knee knit mb mclimb mn mautumn ng ?morning ? English nk ?kthank nc ?kuncle ph fp
27、hone ple pl apple people example qu kwquilt sc sscience scent scissor sh ? she sion 3nconclusion invasion ssion nexpression discussion stle slcastle whistle rustle 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - tal tlcapital hospital tain
28、 tn britain certain tch ?watch th ?thanks ethis tion nnation station dictionary tle tlgentle battle bottle ture tpicture nature mixture wh 一般情况下发 wwhat 在字母 O 前发 hwho wr rwrite kn nknow dge ?bridge -ing ? ?standing -tion ?nquestion ? ?ndictionary -ture ?picture -sion ?ndecision 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 -
29、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - 音节什么叫音节？音节以元音为主体构成的发音单位，一般说来元音发音响亮，可以构成音节，辅音发音不响亮，不能单独构成音节（m ，n ，ng ，l例外）。从单词拼写形式上看，有几个元字组就有几个音节。什么是成音节？成音节的含义: 音标中 , 一个辅音字母加上一个m 或n 或l,构成成音节例词 :noodlenu:dl 在英语中元音特别响亮，一个元音可构成一个音节，一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节。一般说来，元
30、音可以构成音节，辅音不响亮，不能构成音节。但英语辅音字母中有 4 个辅音 m ，n ， ng，l是响音，它们和辅音音素结合，也可构成音节。它们构成的音节往往出现在词尾，一般是非重读音。如何划分音节？在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时，一个辅字组属于前面的音节，一个属于后面的音节。例如： let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter 在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时，如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节，如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音，则辅字组属于前面一个音节。例如：长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-t
31、her 短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 什么是重读音节？重读音节指的是单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时，应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节，标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。什么是开音节？开音节分两种，一种叫绝对开音节，相对开音节。在开音节中，元音字母发长音(本身音 )。绝对开音节：单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如：me, be, he, no, go, so 相对开音节：单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e 构成的重读音节。例如：name these bike home exc
32、use 如何识别开音节和闭音节？什么闭音节？什么叫闭音节? 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - 单个元音字母后面有辅字组成（r w y 除外），且以辅音字母结尾的音节。如果该音节重读，则叫做重读闭音节。在闭音节中，元音字母发短音。例如： bag draw begin fish not cup 。英语重读闭音节就是所谓的元音字母不是发它本身的字母音，重读闭音节就是指在一个音节中，以辅音音素结尾的而且是重读音节的音节
33、比如apple 划音节就应该是ap/ple 前面那个ap 是一个音节以辅音音素结尾就是闭音节。重读闭音节后要加ing 或 ed 时，要双写才能加。如：如 :sit-sitting stopped begin-beginning put-putting swim-swimming 举两个很经典的例子：forbid-forbidding (重读闭音节，双写) prohibit-prohibiting （重读在第二音节，非重读闭音节，不双写）重读闭音节三要素：1. 必须是重读音节；2. 最后只有一个辅音字母；3. 元音字母发短元音元音字母在开音节和闭音节中的发音：元音字母Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu
34、 开音节eii:/ai/?u/ju:闭音节/?/e/i/ ?/?/ /u/名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - 英语音标表、字母表- 字母、字母组合发音规律记忆元音音标表（ 20 个）5 个元音的字母音a ei e i: i ai o ?u u u: 5 个元音的短元音：a ?e bag cat hat map e e pen bed ten hen I i big pig sit hill o ? box hot
35、 dog frog u u but mum bus mug 12 个单元音：短元音 ?e e i ? ? u ? 长元音i: ?: a: u: ?: 8 个双元音： ei ai ?u au ?i i ? e? u? 元音发音规则表：1.单元音 /i:/ see me be she need read meal eat seat deep keep 开音节中的e/i:/ me be she ee /i:/ see sleep deep feet need ea /i:/ read eat meal seat 2.单元音/i/ in it is fit pin bit kiss sick miss
36、 fish rich lid 闭音节中的i /i/ if, his, film(闭音节指以辅音结尾的音节) 闭音节中的y /i/ sympathy, syllable, system, gym 位于词尾的y /i/ city, pity, willingly, possibility 3.单元音/e/ get let bed pen best rest wet never better best 闭音节中的e /e/ bed, peg, set, tell ea /e/ dead, heaven, feather 4.单元音 /?e/ hat cat rat cap map fat man t
37、hank stamp fact 闭音节中的a / ?e / bad, lad, rat, cab 5.单元音/a:/ heart arm darn farm cart fast car dark barn pass ar /a:/ arm, ark, lard, dark, car, card, hard, harm 6.单元音/ ? / lot got job shop soft song top hot box pot lock 闭音节中的o / ? / hot, got, not, lost, on, soft 7./ ?:/ tall fall wall Paul Maud walk
38、call yawn thought or / ?:/ or, sport, bored, horse, more, before a(+ll 或 lk) / ?:/ all, fall, talk, walk aw / ?:/ law, paw, draw, flaw, claw 8.单元音/u/ cook book look put good full foot would 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - -
39、u /u/ put, full, pull, push, sugar, cushion oo /u/ good, took, wood, wool, stood, bedroom ou /u/ could, would, should 9.单元音/u:/ too soon rule boot fool school soup cool lose new oo /u:/ fool, booth, room, food ou /u:/ soup, you, group o /u:/ do, to, who 10./ ?/ cup bus gun hut sung duck lung luck cu
40、t stuck 闭音节中的u /?/ but, hunt, sun, duck, luck 闭音节中的o /?/ son, once, colour, other, money ou /?/ rough, enough, touch, cousin, young 11.单元音/?:/ shirt hunt burn girl bird nurse work worm curse er /?:/ herd, verb, mercy ir /?:/ thirty, shirt, third, fir ur /?:/ turn, church, burn, nurse, curse or /?:/
41、word, work, world, worse ear /?:/ heard, earth, search 12.单元音/?/ ago about asleep above again among mother brother 许多元音在非重读章节中读成/?/，所以 /?/的拼写形式多种多样。如：about, sofa, doctor, colour, figure 13.双元音/ei/ May pay way day same hay great gain pain spade a /ei/ save, face, pale ay /ei/ day, pay, may ai /ei/ wa
42、it, fail, strait ea /ei/ break, great 14.双元音/?u/ no go so hole hope road home slow load foe soul o /?u/ go, hello, no, open, over, joking, October oa /?u/ coat, soap, boat, road, coast ow /?u/ snow, throw, blow, show, know, window 15.双元音/ai/ bye lie try eye cry die my five time mine like 开音节中的i /ai/
43、 time, crime, rite, fine igh /ai/ high, might, night, light, bright y /ai/ cry, my, sky, fly, July, reply ie /ai/ eye, dye, bye 16.双元音/au/ how now cow out mouse down house brown found ou /au/ about, around, found, sound, mouse ow /au/ down, crowd, town, brown, now, how 17. 双元音/?i/ boy joy toy voice
44、noise join coin oil soil toil 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 14 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - oi /?i/ oil, boil, join, coin, spoilt, voice, choice, noise oy /?i/ toy, boy, enjoy, destroy, annoy, loyal, employer 18.双元音/i?/ ear here fear hear dear pier tea
45、r near really idea ear /i?/ ear, dear, hear, clear, beard ea /i?/ idea, real, theatre ere /i?/ here, mere, severe eer /i?/ beer, queer, engineer 19.双元音/e?/ care wear hair there fair careful various are /e?/ care, share, fare, hare，careless air /e?/ air, fair, chair ，repair 20.双元音/u?/ tour sure poor
46、pure cure tourist ur /u?/ cure, pure, fury 词尾 -ed 的发音规则：1.t/d后读 /id/, 2.清清浊浊元音浊。清辅音后读 /t/ 浊辅音后读 /d/ /t/ /d/二音后读 /id/ 元音后读 /d/ 特殊情况除外(没有几个 ,不用记了 ) 在清辅音后面t asked finished helpedhelpt passedpa:st reached 在浊辅音和元音后面d called borrowed movedmu:vd enjoyed welcomed answered 在t 音后面id wantedw ?ntid startedsta:t
47、id 在d 音后面读 id neededni:did countedkauntid0 补充说明：规则动词的过去式由“ 动词原形 +-ed” 构成，具体变化有：1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如 : wantwanted, work worked, needneeded, cleancleaned 2. 以不发音的e 结尾的在词尾加-d。如： likeliked, live lived, useused, movemoved 3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加 -ed。如：stopstopped, trip tripped 4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动
48、词，先把y 变成 i，再加 -ed。如： studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marry married 不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：1. 以 t 结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：putput, letlet, cutcut, beatbeat 2. 以 d 结尾的词，把d 变成 t。如 :build built, lend lent, sendsent, spendspent 3. 以 n 结尾的词，在词后加t。如： meanmeant, burnburnt, learnlearnt 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载
49、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 15 页，共 22 页 - - - - - - - - - 4. 以 ow / aw 结尾的词，把 ow / aw 变成 ew。 如： blow blew, draw drew, know knew, grow grew 5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如： keepkept, sleepslept, feelfelt, smellsmelt 6. 含有元音字母o / i 的词，将 o / i 变成 a。如： singsang, givegave, sits
50、at, drinkdrank 词尾 -es/s的发音规则：动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为s，在浊辅音及元音后发音为z。如：stopstops s ; makemakes s readreads z ; play plays z 2、以辅音字母加“ y”结尾的，要先将“ y”变为 “i ”，然后在加 “ es”读iz 如：fly flies z ； carrycarries z studystudies z; worry worries 3、以 “ s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“ es”，发音