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1、 Brainstorming Listening SpeakingPart I Listening & Speaking Activities Prepositional phrases denoting the past: - in the Tang Dynasty, during the Second World War, at the Battle of Gettysburg, after the Nanking Massacre, from ancient Athens, until Song Dynasty, by 1914, from time immemorial, since
2、long ago, ages ago, in times past, in the old days, during the reign of Wu TiSome common patterns for expressing past events/acts: (sb.) would do., dated back to., originated fromAdjectives evaluating past events /acts: negative: atrocious, bestial, dark, barbaric, uncivilized, savage, cruel, cold-b
3、looded, harsh, unmerciful positive: prosperous, enlightened, beneficial, patriotic, benevolent, humane, humanitarian, gallant, civil, chivalrous Brainstorming (1)Expressions of forgetting: forget, loss of memory, lapse of memory, fall into oblivion, pass out of public consciousness, unable to recall
4、, suffer from amnesia, have a mental blockExpressions of remembrance: memorize, remember, recall, remind, something brought back a lot of memories, made somebody think of the past days, bring somebody back to childhood / sweet memory of ones childhood, get lost / be deep in memory, call to mind, bea
5、r in mind, look back, dig into the past, become nostalgic, reminisce about, reminiscences, recollection , commemorate, commemorative activities, in commemoration of , memoirsBrainstorming (2)Pre-listening discussion:Pre-listening discussion:1. How long is Chinese history?2. How many dynasties in Chi
6、nese history can you name? 夏商与西周,东周分两半,春秋和战国,一统秦两汉,三分魏蜀吴,两晋前后延,南北朝并立,隋唐五代传,宋元明清后,皇朝至此完3. Do you know anything about Sima Qian? Do you happen to know any stories from Shi Ji or Historical Records? 4. What qualities should historians possess?Listen to the recording and complete the blank-filling exerc
7、ise. Listen to the recording and complete the blank-filling exercise. Listening“For historians ought to be precise, truthful, and quite unprejudiced, and neither interest nor fear, hatred nor affection, should cause them to swerve from the path of truth, whose mother is history, the rival of time, t
8、he depository of great actions, the witness of what is past, the example and instruction of the present, the monitor of the future.”Task 1: Importance of historyTask 1: Importance of history Do you like to study history? Do you think the study of history is necessary? Give your reasons. Task 2: Maki
9、ng your history Task 2: Making your history As a future father or mother, do you think it is necessary for your children to know your personal history? If yes, make a list of the events that you think are worthwhile going down to a history book for your future children to read. And then share it wit
10、h your partner. What are the events? (List at least three) What are the details of these events? Why are they important? Task 3: Everlasting memoriesTask 3: Everlasting memories Work in groups to name three events in Chinese history which, in your opinion, are of outstanding significance to the hist
11、ory of China. Speaking Pre-reading Tasks Read the Text Words & ExpressionsPart II Reading & Language ActivitiesDo you know anything about the Nanjing Massacre? When and where did it take place?What is the significance of refreshing that page of painful history? What lessons can we draw from this gre
12、at tragedy? Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. (George Santayana (1863 1952), The Life of Reason, Volume 1, 1905 ) Never forget the importance of history. To know nothing of what happened before you took your place on earth, is to remain a child for ever and ever. (Anonym
13、ous)Pre-reading TasksQuestions for skimming:Questions for skimming: 1. Where would you possibly read this kind of writing? What kind of writing is this? 2. Whats this article about? 3. What about Chang and her book “The Rape of Nanking” does the author tell you? I. What prompted Chang to look into t
14、he truth of Nanking Massacre II. What she discovered through her research- What happened in Nanjing III. How the public has /have responded to the book“They Will Not Be Forgotten” “They Will Not Be Forgotten” by Ralph Kinney Bennett Haunted by the past, Iris Chang was determined to expose the truth
15、about Nanjing MassacreAn American historian and journalist;Best known for her best-selling 1997 account of the Nanking Massacre, The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II;Committed suicide on November 9, 2004; The subject of the 2007 biographical book, Finding Iris Chang, as well
16、as the 2007 documentary film Iris Chang: The Rape of Nanking;Campaigned to persuade the Japanese government to apologise for its troops wartime conduct and to pay compensation;Based on the book, an American documentary film, Nanking, was released in 2007.Iris Chang (张纯如) (1968 2004) Questions for cl
17、ose reading: Questions for close reading: (1) When and from whom did Chang first learn about the Nanking Massacre? In what way did the parents tell her about it? What was her reaction then? - She was just a little girl when she heard the stories from her parents whose voices had quivered with outrag
18、e. The story seemed unbelievably frightening. (2) Why did Nanking remain only on the periphery of her thoughts? - She was too young to understand and she didnt learn much on the carnage from libraries. (3) Why did the West fail to notice the brutality of the Japanese soldiers in Nanking? - The Nanji
19、ng Massacre failed to arouse sufficient attention in the West for a number of reasons: the West was at first also involved in WWII so that the reports about it were overshadowed by frightening events in Europe; the West was then involved in the cold war against the Soviet Union and was therefore eag
20、er to turn Japan into a friendly bulwark; and the outbreak of Korean War once again diverted attention from the war crimes tribunal that briefly focused on Nanjing. (4) What rekindled her concern for what had happened in Nanking? - She attended a conference where she saw photos of the Nanjing Massac
21、re. How did she feel while standing in front of the photos of the Nanking Massacre? What was she determined to do ? - She was almost paralyzed by the wave of anger and revulsion that swept over her. She was determined to expose the truth about it (“I will tell these peoples story”) (5) How did Chang
22、 gather her material for the book? - From the libraries from different places, she gathered various materials including secret cables, missionary letters and diaries, war crimes trial testimony, interviews with victims and Japanese soldiers. (6) What could best expose the atrocities committed by the
23、 Japanese soldiers in Nanking? Cite examples. - the huge number of people they slaughtered and the ruthless killing of disarmed soldiers and civilians: the massacre lasted three months; some ponds were so stuffed with corpses that the water was completely displaced; thousands of bodies were dumped i
24、nto the Yangtze and its water turned red; civilians were herded into buildings that were burned down; people were half buried to be killed by ravenous dogs; old men and little children were mowed down by guns; women were raped no matter how old or how young. (7) Who was John Rabe? What did he do dur
25、ing the massacre? Why was he considered a most unlikely hero? - He was a German businessman and a member of the Nazi Party in Nanjing. He sent telegrams and phone calls to the Japanese embassy to voice his protest against the Japanese atrocities. Since Japan was an ally of Germany, he hoped his stat
26、us would give his weight to his protests, but they were ignored. He was the leader of a group of Westerners who established a safety zone in the town. He also tried to prevent the Japanese atrocities himself by wading into scenes of brutality. (8) What became of John Rabe after the war? How did the
27、Chinese help him? - He was reduced to poverty and the survivors raised money for food parcels to be later sent to him. (9) Why does Chang refer to him as “Schindler of China”? - He played a similar role in the Nanjing Massacre as Schindler did in Osweicim (a concentration camp in Poland) to help the
28、 innocent victims. (10) What has been the public response to the publication of the book? - The book first struck a chord with overseas Chinese communities and then with the general public . It has triggered political and intellectual reverberations in Japan and China. (11) What did Chang mean by sa
29、ying “civilization itself is tissue-thin?” - Civilization is itself very fragile and easily gives way to barbarism. conjure up conjure up make sth appear in ones mind; evoke e.g. For some people, the word England may still conjure upconjure up images of pretty gardens and tea parties.bestialitybesti
30、ality brutality, atrocityturn upturn up find e.g. Our efforts to trace him turned up nothingturned up nothing. carnagecarnage slaughter, massacre, butcheryon the periphery of on the periphery of be the outer edge of e.g. Many women feel they are being kept on the periphery of on the periphery of the
31、 armed forces. pass out of the public consciousness pass out of the public consciousness be somewhat ignored by the publicbe engulfed in be engulfed in be surrounded and covered by something or someone completely e.g. Northern areas of the country were engulfed by/in were engulfed by/in a snowstorm
32、last night. Words & Expressionsbulwarkbulwark base, support e.g. a bulwarkbulwark againstagainst Communism repulsionrepulsion strong dislike or disgusta trickle of a trickle of a small amount ofcullcull select; gather from a large quantityretainretain SLIGHTLY FORMAL to keep or continue to have some
33、thing e.g. She has lost her battle to retain control of retain control of the company.set offset off cause e.g. The courts initial verdict in the police officers trial set off serious riotsset off serious riots.exterminateexterminate kill offreadread (of something written or printed) to have or give
34、 the stated information or meaning e.g. The start of the American Constitution readsreads We, the people of the United States.ongoing ongoing adj. happening at the present moment e.g. an ongoingongoing investigation/process/projectunder wayunder way (also underway) happening now e.g. Economic recove
35、ry is already under wayunder way. herdherd make people move somewhere as a group, often with force or against their wishes e.g. The football fans complained that they had been herdedherded into a small alley.be reduced to be reduced to make someone unhappy or cause them to be in a bad state or situa
36、tion e.g. His comments reduced her to tearsreduced her to tears. Id run out of cigarettes and was reduced to smoking was reduced to smoking the butts left in the ashtrays. Allied bombing reduced the city to ruins/rubblereduced the city to ruins/rubble. imminentimminent impending, about to occurcarve
37、 outcarve out create or set aside a small place from a larger area with difficulty; work hard in order to get a successful career or reputation e.g. She carved out a reputationcarved out a reputation for herself as an aggressive businesswoman.mark offmark off separate an area by putting something ar
38、ound it e.g. Police had marked off marked off the area where the body was found.weight weight respect, influence, trust or importance e.g. Her experience does give her opinions quite a bit of weightgive her opinions quite a bit of weight. After he was voted out of power, few people attached much wei
39、ght to attached much weight to what he said. Radical views dont carry much weight carry much weight anymore.wade intowade into force into with determinationappeal to appeal to make a serious or formal request e.g. The police are appealing toappealing to the public for for any information about the m
40、issing girl. Church leaders have appealed to appealed to the government to to halt the war.interrogateinterrogate ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to obtain information, sometimes using threats or violence subjugatedsubjugated defeatedwhat become of sb.what become of sb. where
41、 is sb. and what happened to him/here.g. And Mickey Adams - I wonder what became ofwhat became of him.plightplight a difficult and sad situation e.g. Few of us can be unmoved by the plightplight of the Romanian orphans.meticulouslymeticulously carefully and fastidiouslyat the urging of at the urging
42、 of in response to the request of oblivionoblivion being completely forgotten e.g. These toys will be around for a year or two, then fade/slide/sink into oblivionfade/slide/sink into oblivion.strike a chord with strike a chord with causes people to approve of it or agree with it e.g. The partys poli
43、cy on childcare facilities has struck a responsive chord with women voters. Her speech struck a sympathetic chord among business leaders.trigger (off)trigger (off) cause to start e.g. The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off triggered off a wave of protests throughout the country.reverb
44、erationreverberation effects, consequences e.g. This move is likely to have reverberations throughout the health service.quirkquirk something bizarre or unusualunspeakableunspeakable too bad or shocking to be expressed in words e.g. unspeakable crimes/ No report can convey the unspeakable suffering
45、that this war has caused. pose a threat to pose a threat to cause a problem or threat to e.g. Nuclear weapons pose a threat to pose a threat to everyone. Dictation Read More Words & Expressions Grammar Work Translation Cultural Information Part III Extended Activities The past has left many traces,
46、including traditions, folk tales, /works of art, archaeological objects, and books and other written records. /Historians use all these sources, but they mainly study the past as it has been recorded in written documents. /Thus, history is generally limited to human events/ that have taken place sin
47、ce the development of writing about 5,500 years ago./ Historians study all aspects of past human life/social and cultural conditions as well as political and economic events./ Some study the past simply to understand better how people of other times acted and thought. /Other historians seek to draw
48、lessons from those actions and thoughts as a guide for decisions and policies today. /However, they disagree on historys lessons, and so there are many different interpretations of the past./ (10)DictationQuestions for reading comprehension: Questions for reading comprehension: 1. The five Ws of the
49、 story? 2. What was “the razzia”? - the method of lightning search and seizure for male between 16 and 30 to be transported to work in the munitions factories. 3. How did the family cope with “the razzia”? - they rearranged their kitchen to give the boys an emergency hiding place. 4. Was this hiding
50、 place totally safe? Why or why not? - No, it is a totally inadequate hiding place, too low for one thing and it might be “the first place theyd look”. But it was probably sufficient for a swoop by soldiers, not for a sustained search by trained people. Read More The Hiding Place5. Where was Nollie