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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流英语听力入门第二册第五单元【精品文档】第 21 页Unit 5Shaping and reshaping personalityPart 1 warming upPart A Key words:personality surveypersonality个性, 人格,surveys:vei调查(收入,民意等)a detailed critical inspection；short descriptive summary (of events)cf. inquiry, investigation, research, survey这些名词均有“调查”之意。
2、inquiry: 普通常用词，指正式调查，也指一般的打听或查询。investigation: 一般指有系统的调查以得到希望发现或需要知道的事。research: 指科学工作者等为揭示自然规律或获取某个领域的新知识而进行长时间的调查研究。survey: 多指为写书面报告而进行的民意测验或调查。aggressive 好斗的, 敢作敢为的, 有闯劲的, 侵略性的jealous妒忌的, 猜疑的, 警惕的, 嫉妒的vocabularyaggressive adj. 侵略的，有进取心的，好斗的tending to spread quickly; having or showing determinatio
3、n and energetic pursuit of your endsraise the roof: vi. 喧闹(吵翻天，大声抱怨)to complain loudly and bitterly; get very angryeg. Father will raise the roof when he hear what you have do.父亲要是知道你所做的事一定会大发雷霆。sort of adv.有几分地; 在某种程度上to some (great or small) extenteg. This sort of business can only be transacted i
4、n private.这种事情只能私下处理。 in the following short dialogue, a man is trying to help a woman do a personality survey.AggressiveSelfishKindPatientJealousExtremelyVerySort ofNot veryNot at allTAPASCRIPTW: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey. Itll be fun.M: Oh, I dont knowW: Oh, come on OK,
5、heres the first one what should I put for “aggressive”?M:Uh-oh I Id say “very.”：Very? Really?：Yeah, sure. Look at the way you drive!：Well, OK, so Im a very aggressive driver but you have to drive like that in this city, or youre gonna be hit, because ：Uh whats the next one?：“Selfish.”M: Oh, not at a
6、ll.W：Really? Well, maybe just a little I mean, a lot of people are, right? Just a little bit? You know, I mean, I try to think of other people, but sometimes I do just think of myself, I guess.M: OK, OK, so put “not very.”W：OK.M: But you can put “extremely” for the next one.W：What? Oh, “Kind”?M: Yes
7、. Dont you think youre a extremely kind person?W: I am? OK, if you say so. Oh, look at this next one.M: Oh, “patient”!W: Yeah.M: Hmm I dont know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but other times youre not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermaket when you got W: OK, OK. I
8、 get your point. Ill put “sort of.”M: OK, thats right.W: Next one “jealou.” I guess Im sort of jealousM: Sort of? Id put “very”. Remember how angry you got when my ex-girlfriend called the other day? I thought youre gonna raise the roof W: All right, all right. “Very.”M: Oh, OK, whats the next one?W
9、: Thats all.M: Thats all?W: Yeah, but now its your turn.Part BKey words:Identification: ai.dentifikeinn. 身份的证明，视为同一，证明同一，确认evidence of identity; something that identifies a person or thing Now listen to three conversations. Check the two adjectives that best describe George, Karen and Pam.GeorgeKare
10、nPamAmbitiousHelpfulHonestProudSelfishUnreliableTAPESCRIPTNumber 1: GeorgeSo what are you going to do after you graduate, George?Im going to start my own business.Oh, really? What type of business?Well, I havent decided yet, but I know Ill be successful in anything I do. In fact, Im going to be one
11、of the top business people in town in less than five years. Just wait and see! I have everything it takes Im smart, I can organize people, and Im full of ideas that can make money.Number 2: KarenHey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk. Wow! Theres lots of money in it but no identification. Mmm I wo
12、nder how I can find the owner? I guess Ill take it to the police station and see if anyones reported a lost wallet.Number 3: PamWhat are you doing tonight, Pam?Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I dont feel like going. I think Ill go shopping instead.Wont Bill get mad?Oh,
13、Im sure he can find something else to do.Oh?Besides, I really need some new clothes. I havent bought any for nearly a month!Huh!Part CKey words:A means to an end达到目的的方法Compensatekmpenseit偿还, 补偿, 付报酬make amends for; pay compensation foreg. Management compensated us for the time we worked.资方补偿我们工作时间的报
14、酬。Routine例行公事, 常规, 日常事务, 程序a routine check of passports.检查护照的惯例Habitual; regular:习惯性的；常规的：made his routine trip to the store.照常去商店Having no special quality; ordinary:平凡的：没有特征的；普通的：a routine day.平淡的一天Role角色, 任务People from different walks of life have different attitudes towards what role work plays i
15、n their lives.Interview 1Mr. FisherAccountantl Means to an end/ family man/ enough money/ happyl Work to liveInterview 2Miss BurnesSchool teacherl Enjoy whatever do (even if salary low)/ work most important/ mental satisfaction/ role in societyl Live to workTapesript:I interviewer F Mr Fisher B Miss
16、 BurnesI: mr. Fisher, you are as accountant and earn a good enough salary to enable you to live comfortably. What does work mean to you?F: I regard it as a means to an end. Basically Im a family man, and as long as I have a job which enables me to earn enough money to live well, Im happy. I find a c
17、omfortable life compensates for the fact that I have a routine life and three weeks holiday per year. I suppose you could say I work to live.I: Miss Burnes, as a school teacher in a working class area of London, how do you feel about Mr. Fishers attitude towards his work?B: Personally, I couldnt wor
18、k to live. I must enjoy whatever I do even if the salary is low otherwise I feel it isnt worth doing.I: In other words, Miss Burnes work plays one of the most important roles in your life?B: Definitely! It gives me the mental satisfaction I need and a role in society. Country to Mr Fisher, I can say
19、 I live to work.Part 2 Self-esteemKey words:self-esteem.selfisti:m自尊, , 自尊心the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect同义词：dignity, self-respect, self-regard, self-worthVocabulary:harsh adj. 粗糙的，使人不舒服的，刺耳的，严厉的，大约的of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively larg
20、e particles；disagreeable to the senses；unpleasantly sternharsh weather令人难受的天气a harsh punishment严厉的惩罚rough, coarse, harsh, rude, crude这些形容词均有“粗糙”之意。rough: 普通用词，指某物表面凹凸不平，天气恶劣，（态度）粗暴，（计算)粗略。coarse: 指某物质地低劣或编织、加工等不精细。也指(言谈)粗俗。harsh: 指外表、性质、声音的粗糙、刺耳、刺目，强调使人不愉快感。rude: 指加工粗糙、不精细。尤指行为举止粗鲁无礼，缺乏修养。crude: 主要指
21、未经加工处理尚处于自然状态的物质；食物或水果的不熟。democratic .demkrtik民主的, 民主主义的, 民主政体的, characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality- George du Maurier；representing or appealing to or adapted for the benefit of the people at largelead in引导入内the introductory section of a story
22、Subject: young boysProcedure:1. testing (what?)measure the boys abilities and how they felt about their own abilities2. dividing (how?)three groups those with high self-esteem / middle self-esteem / low-esteem3. following-up study (where and when?)in all situations at home / at work / in school / wi
23、th friendsobservations: the behavior of the boys1. boys with high self-esteem: active / able to express ideas / successful in school and in relations with other people / creative / led in discussions / interested in world problems / seldom tired or sick2. boys with middle self-esteem:like the boys w
24、ith high self-esteem / express ideas freely / saw the world as a good and happy place / not sure of their own value3. boys with low self-esteem:sad most time / afraid to start activities / felt no love / couldnt express ideas / afraid of anger / no talk in discussionFindings:physical appearance / mo
25、ney/ size of family / how much the mother at home close relationship between the boys and the parentsTAPESCRIPT Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions. They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love. In rec
26、ent studies of two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem. Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does. The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys. They gave them many te
27、sts. These tests measured the boys abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities. After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups those with high self-esteem, those with middle self-esteem and those with low self-esteem. The scientists continued to study the boys in all situati
28、ons. They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends. From their studies, the scientist made some observations. Boys with high self-esteem were active. They were able to express their ideas. They were successful in school and in their relations with other people. In discussions
29、, they led. They didnt just listen. They were interested in world problems. They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started. They seldom became tired and sick. In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed the
30、ir ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place. However, they were not sure of their own value as people. They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them. They boys with low sel-esteem were different from the other two groups. They were sad most of the time. Th
31、ey were afraid to start activities. They felt that no one loved them. They could not express their ideas. They were afraid of anger. In a discussion, they listened, but they didnt talk. The scientists asked, “How do some boys develop high self-esteem?” “What is different in their lives?” Some of the
32、 answers were surprising. High self-esteem did not depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home. The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents. Their parents showed real
33、 interests in them, and spent time with them. They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons friends. The sons knew that they were important to their parents. These parents demanded good behavior. They made definite rules. They were strict, but not ha
34、rsh. They corrected their sons behavior by rewards, not by punishment. They never took away their love. On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteem let their sons do almost anything. If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. The boys believed that their parents didnt
35、 love them. There were no definite rules. The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic. The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their childrens ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions
36、in discussions of family plans. These boys were productive citizens. Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves. In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part 3 Balancing
37、work and familyKey words:Compromise: kmprmaiz和解， 互让了事, 妥协， 退让make a compromise; arrive at a compromise; settle by concessioncompromise with a person与人和解; We can not compromise on such terms.我们不能根据这样的条件和解。I would rather die than compromise.我宁死不妥协。Part A Balancing work and family is an issue everyone
38、is struggling with. But what is the solution to it?figuresRelevant information81%78%87%100%Part B Now listen to the whole report. Answer the following questions briefly.1. Who is responsible for helping the employees balance work and family?the employees & the company2. what policies do some compani
39、es have that a. working part-timeb. two workers sharing one jobc. setting the hours and days they workd. working from home by using computers3. what special skills do Americans a. making the best use of personal and family timeb. building trusting relationships at workc. asking supervisors and famil
40、y members for helpd. learning to make compromises in their livesTAESCRIPT MANY working parents in America find it hard to meet the demands of their jobs and their families. They are faced with different choices about how much time to spend at work and at home. The issue of balancing work and family
41、affects employees at all levels. It especially affects women and single parents. The Family and Work institute studied the question of who does most of the work in the home when both parents have jobs. It found that working women still do most of the housework. For example, working women do 81 perce
42、nt of the cooking. They do 78 percent of the cleaning. And women do 87 percent of the buying of food and other products for the home. The situation is even harder for the growing number of single mothers. They often do 100 percent of those jobs at home in addition to their jobs at work. Then, who is
43、 responsible for helping employees balance work and family, the employee or company? Both are responsible. Every person has to decide what is right for him or her. However, it is the companys responsibility to permit discussion about the issue. Experts say more companies are trying to help their emp
44、loyees meet the demands of work and family. Some companies have policies that permit employees to spend less time at work and more time at home. These policies include non-traditional work plans. For example, some people work only part-time, which is less than 40 hours a week. Sometimes two workers
45、share one job. Each person works 20 hours a week. Some people are able to set the hours and days they work. For example, they begin work very early in the morning, so they can be home in the afternoon. Or they work 10 hours a day for four days. Then they can spend three days of the week at home. And
46、 more and more employees are working from their home by using computers. Experts say balancing work and family is forcing Americans to develop special skills. These including making the best use of personal and family time, building trusting relationships at work, and asking supervisors and family members for help. Balancing work and family also means that Americans are learning to makes compromises in their lives. They are learning that sometimes it is not possible to do it all or to have it all.