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1、如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流英语听力入门第二册第六单元【精品文档】第 35 页unit 6shaping and reshaping personalityobjective: Focus on the major pointsdifficulties: technical termskey words:health tipstips提示, 技巧small but useful piece of practical advicevocabulary:cholesterol胆固醇klestrulA white, crystalline substance, C27H 45OH, fo
2、und in animal tissues and various foods, that is normally synthesized by the liver and is important as a constituent of cell membranes and a precursor to steroid hormones. Its level in the bloodstream can influence the pathogenesis of certain conditions, such as the development of atherosclerotic pl
3、aque and coronary artery disease. 胆固醇：一种白色结晶体物质，C27H 45OH，发现于动物细胞组织和多种食物中，一般由肝合成，作为细胞膜的组成部分是极为重要的，并且是类固醇荷尔蒙的前驱。在血流中的程度能影响特种疾病的发病，如动脉粥样硬化病和冠状动脉疾病的发展elongatei:lgeit拉长, (使)伸长, 延长 make sth. longeryoure going to hear some health tips1. Tea contains natural chemicals. These chemicals block the action of s
4、ome substances produced in the bodies that cause cancer. Tea contains the same substance in fruits and vegetables. Drinking tea could protect peoples health.2. Cigarette smokers of any age reduce their risk of developing lung cancer when they stop smoking. It is never too late to stop smoking.3. Wal
5、king has a good effect on the heart because it reduces blood pressure, blood sugar and blood cholesterol level. It is never too late to start exercising.4. Vitamins are necessary for good health. However, extremely large amounts of some vitamins may cause health problems. It is far better to get vit
6、amins from eating fresh, natural food than from taking vitamin pills.5. Laughter is one of the most wonderful releases. It releases the chemical that is life-enhancing and life-elongating. It heals wounds and promotes a healthier being.BKey words:a heart attackchemicalalcohol酒精, 酒vocabularyabdomenbd
7、men腹, 腹部= bellypart of the body below the chestserotonin.sertunin n. 5-羟色胺，血清素含于血液中的复合胺n5-羟色胺：一种来源于色胺酸，尤见于脑、血清和胃粘膜等动物和人体组织的有机物，C10H 12N 2O，在血管收缩、刺激平滑肌、神经细胞间冲动传导以及周期性体内过程调节中起作用An organic compound, C10H 12N 2O, formed from tryptophan and found in animal and human tissue, especially the brain, blood se
8、rum, and gastric mucous membranes, and active in vasoconstriction, stimulation of the smooth muscles, transmission of impulses between nerve cells, and regulation of cyclic body processes. gastricgstrik胃的，与胃有关或有联系的Of, relating to, or associated with the stomach.dehydrogenasedi:haidrdneis脱氢酶n.Biochem
9、istry （名词）【生物化学】 An enzyme that catalyzes the removal and transfer of hydrogen from a substrate in an oxidation-reduction reaction.脱氢酶：一种酶，能在氧化还原反应过程中，对脱去作用物中的氢并转化氢起催化作用TAPESCRITP The United States governments Office of Research on Womens health is observing its tenth anniversary. During those ten y
10、ears it has made important discoveries about differences in the health of men and women. Studies organized by the Office of Research on Womens Health have shown that differences between men and women can influence medical treatment. For example, researchers learned that men and women can react diffe
11、rently to a heart attack. Men usually have chest pain. But women may not. Instead, they may suffer pain in the abdomen. They also may have stomach sickness and feel very tired. Women may not recognize that they are having a heart attack. Research also has shown that the brains of men and women use t
12、he chemical serotonin differently. Serotonin helps prevent the condition of continued severe sadness called depression. Mens brains use serotonin much more effectively than womens brains do. This may help explain why women suffer depression two or three times more often than men do. Other research s
13、hows that alcohol affects men and women differently. Men and women in one experiment drank the same amount of alcoholic drinks. Then researchers measured their blood for alcohol levels. The women had higher levels of alcohol in their blood. Women produce less of substance called gastric alcohol dehy
14、drogenase. This causes them to break down alcohol more slowly than man.part 2spread of virusesviruses: 病毒Any of various simple submicroscopic parasites of plants, animals, and bacteria that often cause disease and that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat. Unable
15、to replicate without a host cell, viruses are typically not considered living organisms.病毒:各种动物、植物和细菌的简单亚微观寄生虫之一，常引起疾病，主要由核糖核酸或脱氧核糖酸的一个核组成，周围有蛋白质包围。离开寄主细胞不能复制本身，病毒通常不被认作为是生物体public restroom: toilet, WCinfectious diseases传染病cholera: klr霍乱an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminat
16、ed water or food；An acute infectious disease of the small intestine, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae and characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, severe dehydration, and depletion of electrolytes.霍乱:一种症状为大量水泻、呕吐、肌肉痉挛、严重脱水以及电解质缺失的小肠急性传染病，由 霍乱弧菌引起hepatitis: .heptaitis
17、肝炎Inflammation of the liver, caused by infectious or toxic agents and characterized by jaundice, fever, liver enlargement, and abdominal pain. 肝炎肝部发炎，由传染性或有毒性因素引起。症状为黄疸、发烧、肝部肿大和腹疼infection: 传染Invasion by and multiplication of pathogenic microorganisms in a bodily part or tissue, which may produce su
18、bsequent tissue injury and progress to overt disease through a variety of cellular or toxic mechanisms. 传染致病微生物侵入人体的某部分或组织，并且不断繁殖，接着造成组织损坏，最后通过一系列细胞或中毒机制发展为显性症状Judy Daly 朱蒂(女子名)戴利(姓氏)A. Before you listen to the material, discuss the following questions.B. Listen to the report. Focus on the major poi
19、nts. Supply the missing information.Health experts say washing your hands reduces the spread of viruses and other organisms that cause disease. This advice may sound simple. However experts say a lot of people do not follow it.The findings of a recent study:l Only 67% of Americans questioned wash th
20、eir hands after using public restrooms.l American men are less likely than women to wash their hands after using a public restroom.The importance of hand washing:reducing the spread of infectious diseasesCommon infections spread by hand:colds, influenza, throat and ear infections, food poisoning, ch
21、olera, hepatitis.Measures taken to get more people to wash hands:launching a public information campaignThe correct method of hand washing:washing with soap and hot water for at least 15 secondsHealth experts say washing hands reduces the spread of viruses and other organisms that cause disease. Thi
22、s advice may sound simple. However experts say a lot of people do not follow it.A recent study found that many Americans fail to wash their hands after using public toilets. More than 95 percent Americans questioned said they always wash their hands after using public restrooms. However, the study f
23、ound that only 67 percent of them actually do so. The study also found that American men are less likely than women to wash their hands after using public restroom.The American Society for Microbiology announced the findings. Judy Daly works for the group. She admits that hand washing may seem an un
24、usual subject to study. But she says hand washing is a very serious issue. Experts say hand washing is the simplest and most effective way to reduce the spread of infectious diseases. Infections can spread by touching surfaces that have harmful organisms on them. Shaking hands with another person al
25、so can spread infection. Harmful bacteria may enter your body if you touch your mouth, nose or eyes. Among the most common infections spread by hand are colds, influenza, and throat and ear infections. In addition, millions of food poisoning cases each year are blamed on people who prepare food who
26、do not wash their hands. More serious diseases like cholera and hepatitis are spread this way, too. Many patients in hospitals also get infections. Some die from them. The spread of infections often is blamed on health workers who do not wash their hands after treating patients. The American Society
27、 of Microbiology has launched a public information campaign to get more people to wash their hands. Experts say following the correct method is important. You should wash your hands with soap and hot water for at least fifteen seconds.part 3depression: 忧愁，沮丧An area that is sunk below its surrounding
28、s; a hollow下陷处，坑比周围低的区域；洞，坑The condition of feeling sad or despondent忧愁，沮丧,伤心，失望的样子eg. The act of depressing. 萎靡不振使精神不振的行为eg. The condition of being depressed. 沮丧精神不振的情形drugs: 药A chemical substance, such as a narcotic or hallucinogen, that affects the central nervous system, causing changes in behav
29、ior and often addiction毒品一种化学物质，如麻醉剂或迷幻剂，能影响中枢神经系统，导致行为的改变并易吸食成瘾psycho-therapy精神疗法, 心理疗法The treatment of mental and emotional disorders through the use of psychological techniques designed to encourage communication of conflicts and insight into problems, with the goal being personality growth and b
30、ehavior modification.精神疗法：通过用于鼓励冲突间的交流和对问题的了解的心理技巧来医治精神和情感失调，其目的是帮助患者的人格成长和对其行为的修正public education公共教育, 学校教育(区别于家庭教育)moderate: 适度的Being within reasonable limits; not excessive or extreme有节制的，适度的在合理的限制之内的；不过度或极端的eg. a moderate price适度的价格Not violent or subject to extremes; mild or calm; temperate温和的，适
31、中的不激烈或不易走极端的；温和的或冷静的；温和的eg. a moderate climate温和的气侯Of medium or average quantity or extent. 中等的中等的或一般的数量或范围的Of limited or average quality; mediocre. 平凡的，普通的有限的或一般的性质的；普通的Opposed to radical or extreme views or measures, especially in politics or religion. 稳健的，不激进的反对激进的或极端的观点或措施的，尤指在政治或宗教上key:sadtempo
32、rarylongmentalanyone10developing80 percentdrugseffectivecarefullywithoutactivityminorwalking30fourimprovephysicaltraditionalhourtalkingdoctorsDiscussionwaysproblemseducationunderstandpart Banger: A strong feeling of displeasure or hostility. 怒，愤怒一种强烈的不快或敌视的感觉vocabulary:tether: te restraint consistin
33、g of a rope (or light chain) used to restrain an animal系绳，系链eg. He tethered his horse to a tree. 他用绳子把马拴在树上。The extent or limit of ones resources, abilities, or endurance，（能力、财力、忍耐等的）极限,一个人计谋，能力或忍耐力的程度或限度；eg. A succession of illnesses has brought Joy to the end of her tether.一连害了好几场病，乔伊的身体已变得孱弱不堪，再也
34、无法支撑下去了。suppressTo put an end to forcibly; subdue镇压；制服To curtail or prohibit the activities of抑制减少或禁止的活动To keep from being revealed, published, or circulated禁止发行禁止发表、出版或发行To deliberately exclude (unacceptable desires or thoughts) from the mind驱除有意将（不可接受的愿望或思想）从脑中驱除出去To inhibit the expression of (an
35、impulse, for example); check抑制抑制表情（如由于感情冲动的）；限制eg. suppress a smile忍住笑容To reduce the incidence or severity of (a hemorrhage or a cough, for example); arrest减低（严重性），阻碍忍住（如出血或咳嗽）的发生率或严重程度；抑制manifest: Clearly apparent to the sight or understanding; obvious明显的显而易见的或容易理解的；明了的To show or demonstrate plainl
36、y; reveal显示清楚地显示或表示；表明To be evidence of; prove证实提供证据；证明To record in a ships manifest. 把记在船货单上在舱单上记录下来To display or present a manifest of (cargo)出示货单展示或出示（货物）的清单surly: s:li adj. 不和蔼的，板著面孔的，粗声暴气的Sullenly ill-humored; gruff傲慢的；粗暴的a surly answer莽撞无礼的答复He went surly by.他傲然走过。Cleanse: klenz清洗（伤口）；使清洁eg. T
37、he nurse cleansed the wound for the injured before stitching it.护士先把伤员的伤口弄干净后再缝合。eg. cleanse ones mouth漱口vent: 通风孔An opening permitting the escape of fumes, a liquid, a gas, or steam通风孔；排放口排放烟雾、液体、气体或蒸汽的开口vent my anger on somebody发泄find an outlet for an emotionebb away: 消逝, 渐渐衰退dump倾倒(垃圾), 倾卸uptight
38、= nervously tensepunchn. 冲压机, 冲床, 打孔机vt. 冲孔, 打孔A blow with the fist用拳头打击To hit with a sharp blow of the fist拳击：用拳头猛击To poke or prod with a stick用棍棒刺或戳punch bag or punch ball: 沙袋inflated or stuffed leather ball held on a stand or hung from above and punched for exercise or training by boxersis tied u
39、p with和.有密切关系lose ones temper发脾气suppress抑制：抑制表情（如由于感情冲动的）；限制eg. suppress a smile忍住笑容B1Joyous, warm, lovingManifest angerl Vent anger on anybodyl Dump angerTAPESCRIPTSpeaker 1 I actually I, I very rarely get angry, erm, I, Ive quite a long tether when it comes to anger, erm, which doesnt mean, I real
40、ly dont believe Im suppressing any anger at all, er, but, it manifests itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, Im Im, if Im buying a railway ticket or something and the the guy behind counter is very surly and er, you know refuses to treat me, er like a human being, I wont be, g
41、et angry with him but Ill get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks. (oh yes, one of those, yes ) (laughter) And er that for me, that for me serves its purpose. I do feel er very I feel very cleansed after a situation like that. Oh, I, of course I do sometimes, if its abso
42、lutely necessary I do get very angry, if Im taken that far. But I certainly dont suppress any anger.Speaker 2 Well my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. (laughter) I mean, if I do not sleep well, I wake up the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on somebody. If I sleep wel
43、l, then everythings fine. Im a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, Im full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, thats how I work. And its terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If Im looking for
44、 excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, so, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.B2. punch bags with pictures of their bosslaughing at itTapescript:A: Apparently, I dont know if this is true
45、, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags there with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And the
46、y go back to work and they feel great.B: Oh God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.A: Well, thats one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is, again, one of the most
47、wonderful releases, and I mean I think that its actually been proved that you know the chemical that is released when you laugh is, life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.B: And it heals wounds.Part 4 Expressions that spring from a handVocabularyClaim: to ask for, take, or state that one should have (something to which one has a right) (根据权利提出)要求, 要求权, 主张, 要求而得到的东西vt.(根据权利)要求, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要（根据权利）要求，认领，索赔Did you claim on the insurance after your car accident?你的车子出事之后，要求领保险金了吗？I claimed the coat that the teacher found.我认