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1、Unit 4Earthquakes重点单词分类识记单词核心单词记全记牢用准用活1.burst vi.爆裂；爆发n. 突然破裂；爆发2million n. 百万3rescue n& vt. 援救；营救4bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏5destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭6damage n& vt. 损失；损害7ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产8trap vt. 使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境9electricity n. 电；电流；电学10sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地11disaster n. 灾难；灾祸12reporter n. 记者13title n. 标题
2、；头衔；资格 品句填词1(2020新高考山东卷)Millions of lives have been destroyed(破坏；毁坏)by the slow drying up of the sea.2(2020江苏卷)We were raised on books and computers，highways and cell phones，but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity(电).3I sincerely(真诚地)hope that I can have the opportun
3、ity to talk with the famous scientist face to face.4The earthquake did damage(损害)to the area where many houses fell down and many people were trapped in ruins.5With so many miners buried(bury)under the mine，none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.6Judging(judge)from their speeches，Chine
4、se leaders are increasingly anxious about air and water pollution.拓展单词1.nation n民族；国家；国民national adj.民族的；国家的；国民的nationality n国籍2shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n休克；打击；震惊shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的3injure vt.损害；伤害injury n伤害；损害injured adj.受伤的4frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的frightening adj.令人恐
5、惧的5congratulation n祝贺；(复数)贺词congratulate vt.祝贺6sincerely adv.真诚地；真挚地sincere adj.真诚的；真挚的7extreme adj.极度的extremely adv.极度地8judge n裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决judgement n看法，意见；判断力；判决9dirt n污垢；泥土dirty adj.脏的，肮脏的 用所给词的适当形式填空1(2020新高考山东卷)The tests show that the social environment is extremely(extreme)influential wh
6、en were making decisions.2After seeing the frightening film，the frightened boy was too frightened to walk home alone in the dark.(frighten)3The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.(congratulate)4Rescuers said t
7、he injured were taken to a hospital nearby，and fortunately the injuries were not serious，not life threatening.(injure)5We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)阅读单词1.earthquake n. 地震 2crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声 vt.&vi. (使)开裂；破裂 3smelly adj. 发臭的；有臭味的 4farmyard n. 农场；农家 5pipe n
8、. 管；导管 6.event n.事件；大事 7dam n. 水坝；堰堤 8canal n. 运河；水道 9steam n. 蒸汽；水汽 10survivor n. 幸存者；生还者； 残存物 11.brick n.砖；砖块 12track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹 13shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处； 避身处 14outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓 15headline n. 报刊的大字标题处 单元主题语块背诵1in harmony with nature与自然和谐共处 2rebuild ones home 重建某人的家园 3make joint efforts 共同努力 4take a
9、ction to help the locals out of the disaster 采取措施帮助当地人渡过灾难 5rescue work 救灾工作 6stricken district/area 受灾地区 7destroy the whole city 摧毁整个城市 8return to normal 恢复正常 9wash away bridges 冲垮桥梁 10lose ones precious life 失去宝贵生命 11natural disasters 自然灾害12build a shelter 建造避难所13in urgent need of 迫切需要14wipe out t
10、he whole village 摧毁了整个村庄15escape from danger 逃离危险16the extreme lack of water，food and electricity 极度缺乏水、食物和电burst vi.爆裂；爆发；n.突然破裂；爆发单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义I was teaching foreigners to learn Beijing Opera when a group of pupils burst inHe burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very an
11、gry.(2020浙江卷7月阅读B)By 9：33 am，a burst of additional traffic might push signal cycle to 145 seconds.突然的迸发 词汇转换/句式升级When she saw her classmates burst out laughing because of her foolish mistakes，she burst into tears.Seeing_her_classmates_burst_into_laughter because of her foolish mistakes，she burst_out
12、_crying(分词作状语)(1)突然哭起来/笑起来(2)burst in/into 闯入，突然破门而入(3)burst with anger 勃然大怒(4)a burst of 一 When the professor entered the lecture hall，there was a burst of applause.当教授走进演讲大厅时，突然爆发出一阵掌声。(1)burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；(2)burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。ruin nU毁灭；毁坏；常用复数废墟；vt.(使)毁坏；成为废墟单句语法填空A number of high b
13、uildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ruins(ruin).When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins.一句多译他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。He made a mistake，which_ruined_the_chance of going abroad.(定语从句)He made a mistake，ruining_the_chance of going abroad.
14、(分词作状语)(1)lie/be in ruins成为废墟be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟(2)fall into ruin 毁灭，毁坏ruin oneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声 No matter how famous a brand is，it can be in ruins once it betrays the trust of consumers.无论一个品牌多有名气，一旦辜负了消费者的信任它就有可能会毁灭。 injure vt.损害；伤害单句语法填空To our relief，up to now the
15、 injured(injure)in the crash have been carried to the nearby hospital.The library is functioning as a temporary hospital to cope with people injured(injure)in the earthquake.句式升级My left foot was seriously injured，so I cant go with you as planned.With_my_left_foot_seriously_injured，I cant go with you
16、 as planned.(with 复合结构)(1)injured adj.受伤的get injured 受伤the injured 伤员(2)injury n. 伤；伤口；伤害do sb.an injury/do an injury to sb. 伤害某 I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing one，I would have been injured.我系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。 bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入单句语法填空(2017天津卷书面表达)Though buried(bury
17、)in books these days，I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.He sank into a chair，burying(bury)his face in his hands.一句多译他埋头看书，不知道外面在下雨。(bury)Because he buried_himself_in/was_buried_in his books，he didnt know it was raining outside. Burying_himself_in_his_books，he was no
18、t aware it was raining outside.(现在分词短语作状语) Buried_in_his_books，he was not aware it was raining outside.(过去分词短语作状语)(1)埋头于；专心于(2)bury ones face in ones hands 双手掩 She sat on the ground，buried in thought.她坐在地上，陷入沉思。表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：be devoted to；be lost in；be engaged in；be absorbed in；focus/concentrate
19、on。judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n裁判员；法官单句语法填空(2018江苏卷)The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged(judge).Judging(judge)from the above story，we can draw the conclusion that we dont judge a man by/from his looks. (2018江苏卷)Apparently，blindly following others advice will affect our own jud
20、gment(judge).微写作我写信邀请你担任6月15日在我们学校举办的英语演讲比赛的裁判。Im writing to invite_you_to_be_a_judge at our English Speech Contest to be held in our school on June 15.(1)judge.from/by.从来判断as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为(2)judging by/from. 根据判断(3)judgment n. 看法；判断力；判 As far as I can judge，he will refuse to make a ju
21、dgment about the present situation.据我判断，他会拒绝评价目前的形势。judging from/by表示“从来看”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。单词三维练用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换1(2020全国卷)As to the play，our weakness lies in such respects as roles facial expressions(express)，logical stress of dialogue and stage set.2(2020天津卷)Jones was shocked(shock)wh
22、en she said that she didnt actually mind being cheated.3When wolves eat other animals，they usually kill the very young，or the sick and injured(injure).4On arriving there，we expressed our congratulations(congratulate)to him on his success.5Ever since water came into the cellphone，it has become comple
23、tely useless(use).用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化1It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was_rescued(rescue).2Judging(judge)from the response of the audience，the performance was quite a success.3His house was_destroyed(destroy)in the earthquake last year and he had to build a ne
24、w one.4Trapped(trap)in the ruins，the girl still held a positive attitude，waiting patiently to be rescued.5(2018全国卷)Studies found that people who woke(wake)up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式1On seeing the Chinese volleyball team appeared
25、 on the stage，the audience burst out cheering(cheer).2It is useless persuading(persuade)him to give up the plan，so dont waste time.3As I didnt know anybody at the party，the hostess came to my rescue by introducing me to a few guests.4The house is surrounded with many big trees which shelter the hous
26、e from the wind.5We should learn to express ourselves(we)well，which is an important part of education.短语和句式语境记忆短语记全记牢用准用活1.right_away 立刻；马上2think_little/nothing_of 以为没什么了不起3at_an_end 结束；终结4in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪5dig_out 掘出；发现6a(great)number_of 许多；大量的7judging_from 从判断8be_trapped_in 陷入9be_proud_of 以而自豪 10
27、be_buried_in 埋头于 选用左栏短语填空1Im sorry that I forgot to bring your medicine downstairs; Ill go upstairs and get it right_away2They think_little_of the difficulties and setbacks on their way forward.3There were a_number_of children playing on the playground when we arrived.4Todays hard work is at_an_end
28、and we now have time for a short rest.5The soldiers were working hard to dig_out the people who were trapped in the fallen buildings.仿写用活句式 单元句式会写1句式：too.to.太而不能，表示否定意义教材：In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too_nervous_to_eat在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。2句式：It seemed/seems(to sb.)that/as if
29、.(对某人来说)似乎/好像教材：It_seemed_as_if the world was at an end!仿佛到了世界末日！3句式：leave宾语宾补“使处于某状态”教材：Thousands of families were killed and many children were_left_without_parents成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。4句式：all.notnot all.表示部分否定教材：All_hope_was_not_lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。 单元主题佳句背诵自然灾害1Last week，severe haze struck my hometo
30、wn，making it too dark to see anything.上周，我的家乡出现了严重的雾霾，使得天空暗的看不见。2So far，the earthquake has killed about 1，000 people and has left thousands of injured.到目前为止，地震已造成约1 000人死亡，数千人受伤。3The snowstorm destroyed power facilities and some houses，cutting off power supplies in many areas and making many people
31、homeless.暴风雪摧毁了电力设施和一些房屋，切断了许多地区的电力供应，使许多人无家可归。4Live as if you were to die tomorrow.Learn as if you were to live forever.珍惜生命，就像死神即将来临；热爱学习，就像生命能够永恒。at an end 结束；终结单句语法填空/补全句子The meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key words.At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ende
32、d up apologizing(apologize).(2020天津卷满分作文) At_the_end_of_the_ceremony(在仪式结束时)，a video about fighting against COVID19 was released for us to watch，which moved us deeply.词汇升级The speech contest finished.Thankfully，I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.(升级加黑词汇)The speech co
33、ntest was_at_an_endThankfully，I ended up winning the first prize and my hard work paid off in_the_end(1)at the end of.在尽头，在末端by the end of 到结束时，到时候为止(常与完成时态连用)in the end 最后；终于(2)come to an end 结束put an end to sth. 结束；终结make(both)ends meet 使收支相抵(3)end up with 以结束end up doing sth. 以做结 When the journey
34、 was at an end，everybody felt tired and hungry.当旅程结束时，大家觉得又累又饿。a(great)number of 许多；大量的对比填空/单句语法填空(2020天津卷) The_number_of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and has remained around that level ever since.(the number of/a number of)As China develops fast and steadily，a_number_of foreigners
35、are learning Chinese as a second language.(the number of/a number of)A great deal of money was_donated(donate)to a university by an ordinary worker，which aroused public attention.With more and more forests cut down，large quantities of soil are(be)being washed away.微写作我听说我们学校的图书馆正计划购置许多新书，所以我写信推荐一些书。
36、Ive heard that our school library is planning to_buy_a_number_of_new_books，so I am writing to recommend some books.In addition，there are a great number of famous artists whose masterpieces will be on exhibition.(2017全国卷书面表达)此外，许多著名艺术家的杰作将被展览。句型公式：too.to.太而不能，表示否定意义(教材P26)In the farmyards，the chicken
37、s and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.在农家大院里，鸡甚至连猪都紧张得不想吃食。单句语法填空(2019浙江卷满分作文)We all know that exercise is good for us，but sometimes it seems too hard to_leave(leave)the sofa.He was too eager to know the result of his examination.You cant be too careful when you do your homework.微写作没有你的及时帮助，我不
38、可能取得这样的进步。我无法用语言来表达我对你的感激之情。(2019浙江卷满分作文)Without your timely help，I couldnt have made such progress.No words are strong enough to_convey_how_grateful_I_am to you.,(1)tooadj./adv.(for sb.)to do sth.表示否定的意义，意为“太而不能”。(2)当too.to.用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，不定式表示肯
39、定意义。(3)cant/can never.too.再怎么也不过分。adj./adv.enough(for sb.)to do sth.再怎么也不过分 In my view，the problem is too difficult for her to solve.依我看来，问题对她来说太难解决了。句型公式：It seemed/seems(to sb.)that/as if.(对某人来说)似乎/好像(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end！仿佛到了世界末日！单句语法填空The kids were very friendly with her
40、and even looked up to her as if she were(be)their own mother.When he saw his mother at the street corner，the boy cried sadly as if he had_been_scolded(scold)by someone else.He opened his mouth as if to_say(say)something.The tennis player is lying on the floor as if hurt(hurt)badly.微写作我依然记得第一次去泰山旅游的事
41、情，就像是在昨天一样。I still remember my first trip to the Mount Tai as_if_it_were_yesterday,(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的，从句谓语用陈述语气。(2)如果从句所陈述的情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的，从句谓语用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反：did/were与过去事实相反：had done与将来事实相反：would/could.do(3)如as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同，且含有be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词 Look at the dark clouds in the sky!
42、It seems as if it is going to rain.Lets hurry up.看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。句型公式：all.notnot all.表示部分否定(教材P26)All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。单句语法填空/补全句子Nothing in the world is difficult if one sets his mind to it.He told me all pieces of the news，but none_of_them_was_exciting(没有一个是有趣的).Its impossible fo
43、r all the applicants to get the jobs，because not_all_of_them_are_fit_for_them(并非所有的人都适合这项工作).一句多译最近的一项调查显示，并非我们学校的所有学生都在业余时间进行体育锻炼。A recent survey shows that not_all_the_students_in_our_school_take_physical_exercise in their spare time.A recent survey shows that all_the_students_in_our_school_dont_t
44、ake_physical_exercise in their spare time.,(1)英语中的all，both，every，everybody，everything，completely，always，whole，entirely 等与否定词not连用，无论not位置如何，均构成部分否定，表示“并非都”的意思。(2)英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere等表否定意义的词(组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成“全部否定” Our English teacher is excellent，but she cant help ev
45、eryone in the class in 50 minutes.我们的英语老师非常棒，但是她不可能在50分钟内帮助班里的每一位同学。短语句式二维练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1(2020浙江卷7月)I had to take action，so I picked my courage and tried to frighten him away with the pepper spray(胡椒喷雾剂)，but finally failed.2When the game finally ended，both of us were lying flat on our backs，too tired to move.3School started，but I