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1、词义猜测1把握词义推断题最常见的命题方式(1)The underlined phrase“. could be replaced by ”(2)The underlined word “.” in Paragraph.refers to .(3)What is the meaning of the underlined word in Para-graph.? / What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph.?(4)Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“.
2、”?(5) The underlined word “.” most probably means 2掌握词义推断题的考查角度（1）猜测生词或熟词的含义。（2）猜测短语的意义。（3）猜测替代词所替代的内容（如it、one、they、this、that、these、those等）。3.解题思路我们可以利用构词法、同义词、近义词、反义词、逻辑关系、定义和解释、例证、同等关系及生活常识和文化背景等方法猜出单词或短语的意思。考点1 利用构词法猜词义阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词，考生可以根据构词法猜测词义。构词法有合成法、派生法和转换法。 2018北京，D篇节选A study fro
3、m the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric, self-driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure（基础设施）and operations 40 by 2050Fewer emissions
4、and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride-hailing services, considering the cost of self-driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues（责任与维护问题）.But driverless car ownership could increase as t
5、he prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.49. What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Employed. B.Replaced. C.Shared. D.Reduced.变式：（2020.2 . D节选）I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was al
6、ways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.32. Which word best describes the authors relationship with book
7、s as a child?A. Cooperative B. UneasyC. InseparableD. Casual考点2 利用同义词、近义词猜词义在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。表示同义或近义的信号词常见的有and、or、similarly、likewise等。2017全国II，A篇改编By translating the rich and humorous text of Loves Labours Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre c
8、reates a new interpretation of Shakespeares comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.A.translation B.spreading C. occasion D. style考点3 利用反义词猜词义有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词或短语常见的有（whether). . or、unlike
9、、but、yet、however、while、although、nevertheless、instead、rather than、in contrast、on the contrary、on the other hand 等。福建，E篇节选If youre tired of wandering around the gym wasting time and becoming bored,you can attend an upbeat group fitness class thatll keep your workout on track.73. The underlined word “u
10、pbeat” in the second para-graph probably means“ A.cheerful B.average C.serious D.temporary考点4 利用逻辑关系猜词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有联系。我们可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义。常见的上下文之间的关系有因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系、解释关系等。1.（2021.甲）Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British sk
11、ateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant dont worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）
12、, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And thats what matteredlanding tricks, being a good skater.9. What do the underli
13、ned words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A. Be careful!B. Well done!C. No way!D. Dont worry!2.2019北京，D篇节选Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen.When these organisms die,they bury carbon in the deep ocean,an important proc
14、ess that helps to regulate the global climate.But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the oceans warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth,since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.43.What does the underline
15、d word “vulnerable” in Para-graph 3 probably mean?A.Sensitive. B.Beneficial. C.Significant. D.Unnoticeable.变式：（2020.2 .C节选）Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species（物种）. Its destroying the environme
16、nt. Its them or us, says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“collapsed”inparagraph5probablymean?A.Boomed. B.Became
17、mature. C.Remainedstable. D.Crashed.考点5 利用例证猜词义为了说明或证实，文章中经常会举例，往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词，这些例子可以帮助考生猜测生词。举例时，常常会用一些连接性的单词或短语，如such as、like、for example、for instance等。2018全国I，C篇节选In recent centuries， trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,
18、 especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to dis-appear, and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.29.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?A.Complex. B
19、.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.考点6 利用同等关系猜词义同等关系是指一个词或短语在句中作同一成分，而且它们的词义属于同一范畴。只要认出其中一个或几个词或短语，即可以确定同等关系中生词的词性、作用和大概的意思。常见的表示同等关系的信号词或短语有or、namely、that is、in other words、that is to say、to be more exact等。2018全国II，B篇节选If you have a juicer，you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or slic
20、ed fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert,to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A.A dessert. B.A drink. C.A container. D.A machine.