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1、Unit 4Astronomy：the science of the stars重点单词分类识记单词核心单词记全记牢用准用活1.atmosphere n.大气层；气氛2solar adj. 太阳的；日光的3thus adv. 因此；于是4gentle adj. 温和的；文雅的5climate n. 气候6crash vi.& vt. 碰撞；坠落7pull n& vt. 拉(力)；拖；牵引力8float vi.& vt. (使)浮动；(使)漂浮n. 漂浮物9system n. 系统；体系；制度10theory n. 学说；理论11gravity n. 万有引力；重力12satellite n.
2、卫星；人造卫星 品句填词1There are different theories(理论)related to changes in sea temperatures in the world.2(2019浙江卷)California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s and climate(气候)change seems to be a major factor.3The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere(气氛)where everybody felt free to share his id
3、eas.4We failed to find enough evidence，thus(因此)we concluded that he was innocent.5(2019全国卷)For the past two years，Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity(重力).拓展单词1.puzzle vt.& vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难 n谜；难题puzzled adj.迷惑不解的puzzling adj.令人迷惑的2violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的violence n暴
4、力violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地3unlike prep.不同；不像like vt.喜欢prep.相像的likely adj.可能的4harmful adj.有害的harm n&v.伤害harmless adj.无害的5exist vi.存在；生存existence n存在；生存6globe n球体；地球仪；地球global adj.全球性的；全世界的7religion n宗教；宗教信仰religious adj.宗教的8biology n生物学biologist n生物学家9reaction n反应；回应react v反应10physicist n物理学physics n物理 用
5、所给词的适当形式填空1(2020浙江卷7月)In the past，there was often an automatic reaction(react)to increased traffic: just widen the roads.2Now that we are all part of the global(globe)village，everyone becomes a neighbour.3There was a puzzled look on the little girls face because a puzzling problem puzzled her.(puzzl
6、e)4In face of violence，people can act violently if they feel threatened.(violence)5As is known to us，everyone has his likes and dislikesMy little sister is fond of pop music.She is likely to become a famous pop singer in the future.(like)6He often says that he doesnt believe in any religion but mean
7、while he respects others religious freedom.(religion)阅读单词1.astronomy n. 天文学 2astronomer n. 天文学家 3billion pron.& n& adj. 英万亿；美十亿 4carbon n. 碳 5acid n. 酸 6exhaust vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽7.dioxide n.二氧化物 8extinct adj. 灭绝的；绝种的 9lessen vi.& vt. 减少；减轻 10weightlessly adv. 失重地 11spaceship n. 宇宙飞船 12mammal n. 哺乳动物 1
8、3.solar system太阳系 14carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 15fundamental adj. 基本的 16chain n. 链子；连锁；锁链 17multiply vi.&vt. 乘；增加 18oxygen n. 氧 单元主题语块背诵1solar system 太阳系2launch a satellite 发射人造卫星3with the development of science and technology 随着科技的发展4be sent into space 被发射到太空5be proud of the first spacemanYang Liwei 以第一位宇
9、航员杨利伟而自豪6have access to space travel 能到太空旅行7return to the earth 返回地球8space exploration 太空探索9make a trip into the Mars 到火星上去旅游10make a successful landing on the moon 在月球上成功登陆11space suit 太空服12communication satellite 通讯卫星13space travel 太空旅行14send a spacecraft to the moon 向月球发射宇宙飞船harmful adj.有害的单句语法填空
10、These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are common，causing/doing serious harm to life and the environment.Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer，which is very harmful to their study.一句多译众所周知，吃太多垃圾食品对你的健康有害。What is known to us is that eating too much junk food is harmful
11、to your health(harmful)It is known to us that eating too much junk food does harm to your health(harm)(1)be harmful to sb. /sth.对某人/某物有害(2)harm n& vt. 伤害；损害 对某人有害There is no harm in doing. 做无害处(3)harmless adj.无害的；无辜的；让某人心烦 For the benefit of people，the local government closed down some factories whi
12、ch had done a lot of harm to the environment.为了人民的利益，当地政府已经关闭了一些对环境有极大危害的工厂。exist vi.存在；生存单句语法填空You cant imagine what difficulty they have existing(exist)on the money he is earning.Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into existence(exist).(2019北京卷)A lot of business is sti
13、ll done over the phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing(exist)relationships.微写作众所周知，年轻人和老年人之间存在代沟。As is known to us，there exists a generation gap between the young and the old(1)exist on 靠为生There exists. 某地有；存在(2)existence n. 存在；生存come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在(3)existing adj. (仅用于名词前)目
14、前的，现存 The parking place for bikes was an existing problem for a long time in our school.在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问题。exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。puzzle vt.(使)迷惑；(使)为难；(使)窘困；感到迷惑 n(游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜单句语法填空To be honest，I sometimes feel puzzled(puzzle)about my future career.When the little girl was asked such a
15、puzzling(puzzle)question，she stood there with a surprised look on her face.Hearing the managers explanation，he had a puzzled(puzzle)expression on his face.微写作这出戏最让我困惑的是我们应该如何为不同的角色使用适当的舞台语言。(2020全国卷满分作文)What puzzles me most about the play is how we should use proper stage languages for different rol
16、es.(1)puzzle about/over冥思苦想；苦苦思索(2)a puzzle to sb. 一件让人感到困惑的事情(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的 How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球生命如何起源是科学家们觉得很难解决的最大的难题之一。puzzled，confused，frightened，excited，surprised等词，用来修饰与人有关的一些名词，如look，voice，s
17、mile，expression，face等。单词三维练用所给词的正确形式填空，注意特殊词形变换1(2020全国卷)The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally(globe).2(2019江苏卷)Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench，hands trembling as he gently(gentle)placed his fingers on the keys.3(2019江苏卷)At some time in the past Yellowstone must have
18、blown up with a violence(violence)far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.4After hearing the news，he had a puzzled(puzzle)look on his face.5As secondhand smoking is harmful(harm)and dangerous，people want a total ban against smoking in public.用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意不规则动词的形式变化1What puzzles(puzzle)me
19、is why he has left the country without telling anyone.2The driver was driving when he lost control of the car by accident，crashing(crash)into a truck.3The plant，harmed(harm)by too much direct sunlight，has no chance of survival.4He lent a hand to us，which multiplied(multiply)our chances of success se
20、veral times.在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式1As is known to us，the Peoples Republic of China came into existence as an independent country in 1949.2A new hospital has been planned to be built here，and they are going to put down that old building.3The constitution，unlike other forms of laws，is fundamental to
21、keeping our social system working properly.短语和句式语境记忆短语记全记牢用准用活1.prevent.from. 阻止2lay eggs 下蛋3in ones turn 轮到某人；接着4get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解5watch out 密切注视；当心；提防6depend on 依靠7in time 及时；终于8give birth to 产生；分娩9cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋10now that 既然11break out 突发；爆发12block out 挡住(光线) 选用左栏短语填空1The terrible COVI
22、D19 broke out in January 2020 and then spread all over the world，killing more than 1 million people.2(2019全国卷)Born into a family of artists，I have got a hang of painting.3Watch out for a chance to get you promoted in the company or you will regret.4My sister gave birth to a healthy baby last night，w
23、hich made all my family very happy.5The Kings will cut down the big tree，because it blocks out the sunlight.仿写用活句式 单元句式会写1句式：动词itadj./n.(宾补)to do教材：This produced a chain reaction，which made it possible for life to develop这就产生了连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。2句式：倍数表达法：倍数as.as.教材：But when I tried to step forward，I fo
24、und I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。3句式：now that引导原因状语从句教材：“Oh，dear，” I cried，“walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed”“天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”4句式：形容词作伴随状语教材：We watched，amazed as fire broke out
25、 on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起来。 单元主题佳句背诵太空探索1The development of science and technology will make it possible to know how the universe came into existence.科学技术的发展将使人们有可能弄清楚宇宙是如何形成的。2China recently have made several times as many achievem
26、ents in space exploration as those of one decade ago.中国最近在太空探索方面取得的成就是十年前的好几倍。3Now that the world is still at the very beginning of its voyage into space，there are a lot waiting for us to get the hang of.既然这个世界依然只处于太空旅行的初级阶段，仍有很多事情有待我们掌握。4Hungry and tired，he had to stop working.由于又累又饿，他只好停止了工作。in ti
27、me及时；终于；迟早用time的相关短语填空(2018全国卷书面表达)Hopefully，you should come early in time for our activity.(2020浙江卷读后续写)Once the helicopter landed，we got onto it in no time，excited and relieved.(2020新高考山东卷读后续写) At the same time，their mother went out to buy the paper bags that they needed.句式升级In my view，you should
28、at no time lose heart whenever you are in trouble.As far as Im concerned，at no time should you lose heart whenever you are in trouble.(倒装)in no time 立刻；马上at no time 决不(位于句首时，句子须用部分倒装)at a time 每次；一次at one time 曾经；一度at the same time 同时from time to time 有时；偶 As the old saying goes，“Where there is a wi
29、ll，there is a way.”Our efforts will pay off in time.俗话说：“有志者，事竟成。”我们的努力迟早会有回报的。in ones turn轮到某人；接着单句语法填空When it was in my turn，I was too excited to speak.At the meeting they took turns to put(put)forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system.微写作人们使用自己的小汽车避免公共交通延误，反
30、过来，这造成更多的问题。People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars，which in turn creates more problemsin turn依次；轮流；反之；反过来by turns 轮流；交替地take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事It is ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事It turns/turned out that. 结果是 Now that we have finished designing，the company，in its
31、turn，should do the constructing work.既然我们已经完成了设计工作，该公司就该做建设工作了。cheer up感到高兴；感到振奋；(使)高兴；(使)振奋单句语法填空Cheer Mary up，and things will work out for the best.They do this in order to encourage the crowds to cheer their sports team on词汇升级When Im feeling sad，my mother tells me funny stories to make me happy.W
32、hen Im feeling depressed，my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me upcheer sb. up使某人振作起来cheer sb. on (比赛中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油cheer for 为而欢呼；给加 I do hope she can cheer up and accept the challenge of life bravely! 我真心希望她能振作起来，勇敢地接受生活的挑战！句型公式：make itadj./n.for sb.to do(教材P26)This produced a chain reaction，
33、which made it possible for life to develop.这就产生了一系列的反应，使生命的发展成为可能。单句语法填空(2020江苏卷)I thought it would be useful to include some humor tips for everyday life.I consider it no use quarrelling(quarrel)with him about it.一句多译新建的体育馆足够大，这使我们有可能参加各种各样的活动。 (2018全国卷满分作文)The newlybuilt stadium is large enough，wh
34、ich makes it possible for us to take part in various activities(定语从句)The newlybuilt stadium is large enough，making it possible for us to take part in various activities(分词作状语)(1)makeit形容词/名词to do sth.makeit形容词/名词that从句makeitno good/no use/no value.doing sth.(2)常用于这种句型的动词还有：think，consider，find，feel等
35、Having watched A Bite of China will make it easier for you to understand why he is determined to make his living by running a Chinese food restaurant in New York.看了舌尖上的中国，你会更容易理解为什么他决定在纽约开一家中餐馆来谋生。句型公式：倍数表达法(教材P31)But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth an
36、d fell over.但当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍远，因而我摔倒了。 单句语法填空The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster(fast)than traditional garbage as a whole.The number of students now in this school is four times what it was ten years ago.一句多译在建的体育馆是操场的两倍大。(2018全国卷)The new stadium being b
37、uilt will be twice bigger than the playground.(than)The new stadium being built will be twice as big as the playground.(as.as)The new stadium being built will be twice the size of the playground.(size)(1)Abe倍数asadj./adv.原级asB(2)Abe倍数adj./adv.比较级thanB(3)Abe倍数the名词(size/weight/length.)ofB(4)Abe倍数what从
38、句，表示“A是的多少倍 The teaching building being built now is twice as high as that one.The teaching building which is being built now is twice higher than that one.The teaching building being built now is twice the height of that one.正在修建的教学楼是那个教学楼的两倍高。短语句式二维练在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1Little Alice who once w
39、as bitten by a snake looked at the snake，frightened(frighten).2During those four years，he worked day and night，thus improving(improve)his theory gradually until it was complete.3Whether their wedding ceremony will be held in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.4They want to make it clear to
40、 the public that the clean workers do an important and necessary job.5Li Hongs mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Huas，but it cost twice as much as his.6(2017全国卷满分作文)I think it great fun to learn(learn)the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.1我详细地解释这个过程的每一步，这让他们理解如何泡茶成为可能。(2018北京卷满分作文
41、)I explained every step of the process in detail，which made it possible for them to understand how to make tea.2既然你精通英语，你就可以申请这份工作。Now that you have a good command of English，you can apply for the job.3我的父母一天天的变老，该轮到我开始照顾他们的时候了。My parents are getting older and older，so it is my turn to start looking
42、 after them.4互联网的发明注定要改变我们相互交流的方式。The invention of the Internet is to change the way we communicate with each other.5These travelers returned to the hotel.They are tired and sleepy.These travelers returned to the hotel，tired and sleepy(形容词短语作状语)维度1生词生义1(2020浙江卷7月完形)I ran desperately but failed to ca
43、tch up.The tractor crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.vi.碰撞 2(2020江苏卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable transformation.n.系统 3(2019江苏卷)It seems obvious that evolution should select for larger brains.Mammals weighing sixty kilograms have an average b
44、rain size of 200 cm3. n.哺乳动物 维度2熟词生义1(2020全国卷)Some parents will buy any hightech toy if they think it will help their child，but researchers said puzzles help children with mathrelated skills.n.拼图游戏 2(2020全国卷阅读C)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，”says Kathryn Whitehead.vt.提出，提请考虑(想法或计
45、划) 3(2019北京卷)Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface，where they pull carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)into the ocean while giving off oxygen.vt.排入 4(2019江苏卷阅读D)Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower，” his wife Joni thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted.adj.耗尽了，没有了 用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识完成满分作文假如你是李华，你爱好太空探险但是却得不到父母理解，于是你给英国朋友Stephen发电子邮件进行交流并请求帮助。要点如下：父母的意见；你的观点。(至少写2点)Dear Stephen，There exists a problem between my parents and me，which has 1.made it i