2022年初中英语情态动词详细用法归纳 2.pdf

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1、1 初中英语情态动词详细用法归纳(含练习及答案)情态动词有具体的词义,但也同助动词一样,需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语,另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化,情态动词后必须跟动词原形。考点一: can,may,must 等情态动词在陈述句中的用法:1. can 的用法:(1).表示能力、许可、可能性。表示能力时一般译为“ 能、会 ” , 即有种能力,尤其是生来具备的能力 .如: She can swim fast, but I cant . 她能游得很快,但我不能。I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。 could 是 can 的过去式。表示过去的能力。be able to

2、do sth. 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。is/am/are able to do sth was/were able to do sth. (2).表示许可,常在口语中。如:You can use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。(3).表示推测, 可能性, 意为 “ 可能 ” , 常用于否定句和疑问句中,此时 cant 译为 “ 不可能 ” 。 如:Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗?Can it be our teacher?那个人有可能是我们老师吗?No, it can t be our teacher. He is

3、on a visit to the Great Wall.不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。【例题】 I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. No. She _be there, I have just been there.A.can t B.mustn t C.needn t D.wouldn t【解析】根据下文“ 我刚去过那儿 ” 可知,应为 “ 不可能 ” , cant 表示推测 答案 A could 的用法:(1).can的过去式, 意为 “ 能、 会” , 表示过去的能力。 如: He

4、 could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会写诗。(2). could 在疑问句中,表示委婉的语气,此时could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you give me a hand? 你能帮我个忙吗?Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? Yes, you can.可以。 (用could 问,不能用could 答。 )2. may 的用法:(1).表示请求、 许可,比 can 正式,如:May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗?You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。【例题】

5、 _ I borrow your MP3? Sure . Here you are. A. May B.Should C.Must D. Would 【解析】在此处表示请求,意为“ 做 可以吗 ” 。答案: A (2) .表示推测,谈论可能性,意为“ 可能, 或许 ” ,一般用于肯定句中。如:It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。She may be at home. 她可能在家呢 . may not 翻译为“可能不”(3) .may 的过去式为might ,表示推测时。可能性低于may。 如:He is away from school. He might be si

6、ck. 他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。(4) . 表示希望、祈求、祝愿,常可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V 例如: May you have a good time. 祝你过得愉快。May you be happy! 祝你幸福!May you succeed!祝你成功!3. must 的用法:(1).must 表示主观看法,意为“ 必须、一定 ” 。 如: You must stay here until I come back. 在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。Must I finish my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗?(must 引导的疑问句) 肯定回

7、答: yes ,you must. 否定回答: No, you needn t/ don t have to (2) 其否定形式mustn t表示 “ 一定不要” “千万别 ” “禁止 , 不许 ”. 如: You mustn t play with fire. 你不许玩火。 You mustnt be late. 你一定不要迟到。(3)must 表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句 ,指百分百肯定。 如: The light is on, so he must be at home now.灯亮着,他现在肯定在家。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - -

8、- - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 2 (4)must 和 have to 都有”必须”的含义,但侧重点不同:must 强调说话者主观(自己)的看法。have to 强调客观(外力作用)的需要,也可以翻译为“不得不”。I must go to school and learn some Knowledge. 我必须会学校上课学一些知识。(自己要回)I have to go to school because the holiday is over. 假期结束了我不得不回学校上课了。must 没有人称和

9、数的变化,而have to 有动词单三形式:has to 和 动词过去式:had to 将来时: will have to must not=mustnt 表示禁止. 当 must 提问时,肯定回答用must。否定回答用neednt 和 dont have to 4. need 的用法:(1).need做情态动词 时: 表示“需要、 必须” ,主要用于 否定句 和疑问句 中,其否定形式为neednt,意为 “ 没有必要,不必” 。用 need 提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为neednt或 dont have to 。 如: Need I do my homework now? Yes,

10、 you must .是的。 No. you neednt /dont have to. 不,你不必。(2).need 还可以作 实义动词 ,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果主语是人sb.:sb. need(s) sth. 某人需要某物sb. need to do sth. 某人需要去做某事need的单三 needs. 过去式 needed 。 变否定借助don t/doesn t /didn t 如: I need to pass the exam. 我需要通过这次考试。He needs to learn English .他需要学习英语。如果主语是物sth.: Sth. need doin

11、g 某事需要被做= need to be done 这种情况下应注意两点:.主动形式的动名词doing 具有被动的含义;.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如:. Your car needs washing. = Your car needs to be washed. 你的车需要洗了。5. shall 的用法:shall 表示征求对方意见 (多用于第一、 三人称),如:Shall we go out for a walk? 我们出去散步好吗?在英语中,我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。Shall 意为 ” 要不要 .? “ 好吗?”用于第一人称,表

12、将来,而will 可用于任何人称。(1).用“ Lets do.”来提出建议。如:Lets go for a walk after supper. (2).用“What/How about.? ”来提出建议; about 后接名词或动词ing 形式。如:What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us? (3).用“ Why not.?”来提出建议,表示“何不”not 面后接动词原形。 “Why not.?”实际上是“Why dont you/we.? ”的简略形式。如:Why not meet at t

13、he school gate at eight? Why dont we stay here another day? (4).用“ Would you like.? ”来提出建议,意思是“你想要吗?”Would you like 后可接名词或不定式。如: Would you like a cup of tea?Would you like to go and see her? 因此,如果我们说:“去游泳好吗 ?”英语中可有这样几种表达法:Shall we go for a swim?Lets go for a swim,shall we?What about/How about going

14、swimming?Why not go for a swim?Would you like to go for a swim?What do you think of going for a swim?6. should 的用法:(1).should 意为 “ 应该 ” ,可表示劝告、 建议、 义务、 责任等。如:We should protect ourselves. 我们应该我们自己。名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - -

15、- - 3 should not=shouldn t +do 动词原形had better 的用法: had better 意为 “ 最好 ” ,没有人称的变化,后接+动词原形,其否定形式为:had better not。如:We had better go home now. 我们最好现在回家。 You had better not go home now.你最好现在不要回家。should 和 had better 可以互换should not=shouldn t 和 had better not 可以互换7. will 的用法:Wil l 表示意愿、意志、打算,可用于多种人称。如:I wi

16、ll help you if Im free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空,我就会帮你。是一般将来时的“标志词”,will+ do动词原形注意:1、will 在 there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+ 动词原形”来表示,所以there be 句型的一般将来时的形式就是 there will be 。(一定不能说there will have ) 例如: There are many students in our school. There will be many students in our school. There w

17、ill be a sports meeting next week. 一定不能说:There will have a sports meeting next week. 2、will 与 be going to do sth 区别:. be going to 表示打算,计划,安排要去做的事情或有预兆即将发生某事,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些,如:He is going to Beijing on National Day. He will write a book some day. . be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。

18、如: I am going to be a teacher. He will pass the exam because of hard work. .在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用be going to, 而多用 will, 如:I will go to school if I feel better. 考点二:含有情态动词的疑问句的回答: 1.对 may 引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:Yes,you may. Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Sure .No, you mustn t. No, you can t.2.对 must 引出的疑问句,回答方式为:Y

19、es, must. No, needn t/ dont have to.3.could 在疑问句中, 表示委婉的语气,此时 could 没有过去式的意思。如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗?Could I use your pen?Yes, you can.可以。(回答不用could)4. shall 引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种:Yes, please.All right.No, thank you. 5. would you 的回答方式有以下几种:Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)Sure

20、 . (Im sorry , I cant.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please. 【例题】 Would you give me a hand and pass my thanks to Lily? _. A.That s right B.With pleasure C.It doesn t matter D.No trouble【解析】 A. 意为 “ 对了 ” ,B.意为 “ 乐意效劳 ”, C. 意为“ 没关系 ” D.意为“ 不费事 ” 。答案: B 6.will you ?提问回答方

21、式,可以使yes,./no 也可以。 Id be glad to. 考点三 :不同情态动词的否定意义也不同:1.(1).can t可译为 “ 不会 ” , 如: I can t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。(2)当句子表推测时, 用 cant 表达 ” 不可能 ” , 如:He cant be ill. He is playing chess with Tom. 他不可能病了,他正和Tom 下棋呢。(3)cant 还可用来回答 “ May I ? ” 这样的问句。如:May I come in ? 我可以进来吗?No, you mustn t. / can t. 不,你不能

22、。(4)cant 还可用于固定习语中。cant help doing 禁不住,情不自禁cant wait to do sth 迫不及待如: She cant help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。The children cant wait to open the box. 孩子们迫名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 4 不及待地想打开盒子。2. may 的否定式为may not,译成 “ 可能不 ” ,如: H

23、e may not be at home. 他也许不在家。3. (1)mustn t 表示不许, 不可。如:He mustn t leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。You mustn t talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。(2) mustn t 也可用于以may 表示要求时的否定回答中。如:May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗? No, you mustn t (can t). 不,不行。4. needn t 意为 “ 不必 ” 。如: You needn t meet him unless youd like to.你不需要见他,除非你愿意

24、。5. shouldn t 表示不应该。如:You shouldn t feel so unhappy over such little things. 对于这种小事,你不应该感到这么不高兴。考点四 : 情态动词表示推测的用法: 一、 “情态动词 +动词原形”表示对现在的推测。1、must 表示肯定的推测100%的肯定,一般用于肯定句中。如: He must be at home because the light is still on. 2、Should 表示推测的可能性比较大,must 的可能性小一点。如: It is already 10 oclock now they should

25、be there.3、can表示推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句。如: Who is knocking at the door?Can it be the postman? could 表示推测时,语气can比要弱,说话者留有余地Could it be an animal? It could not be, because it is not moving. 4、may 表示推测 ,用于肯定句。 might 也可以表推测只是表示其可能性较小于may。如: The man may be your new teacher. Where is Mr Li? He might be working in

26、his office. 【情态动词易混点归纳】易混点一 : can 和 be able to : 两者表示能力时用法相同,但can 只有原形“ can”和过去式“could”两种形式,在其他时态中要用 be able to 来表示。另外be able to 常常指经过努力,花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事。如:Jim can t speak English.吉姆不会说英语。 He could speak English at 5. 他五岁时就会说英语。 We ll be able to see him next week.下星期我们将会见到他。He has been able to drive

27、. 他已经会开车了。 I m sure you ll be able to finish it quickly.我相信你能迅速地完成。We were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon.我们能在中午到达山顶。易混点二 :can 和 may 1. can 和 may 均可用来征求意见或许可,意为“可以”, 一般可互换使用。 如:Can/ May I help you ? 我能帮助你吗?2. can 和 may 表示推测 /可能性时的区别:Can 不肯 , May 不问。妈妈( must)肯定不否问。1)在肯定句中用might,may, mu

28、st,不用 can 如: She may be in the classroom . 她可能在2) 在否定句中用cant(不可能), 不用may, must。3)在疑问句中表示推测用can,不用might,may,must 教室里。 Where can they be now? 他们现在可能在哪儿?That can t be true. 那不可能是真的。易混点三 : may be 和 maybe 用法区别常用位置may be may 为情态动词,be 为动词原形句中,作谓语maybe 副词,大概、也许,相当于perhaps 句首,作状语名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - -

29、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 5 例如: He may be wrong , but I m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。易混点四: cant 和 mustn t 1. can t 根据其基本用法可译为:(1)不会。如: I can t speak English . 我不会说英语。(2)不能。如: We cant do it now because its too dark.天太黑了,我们现在干不了。(3)否定句中表示推测。“ 不可能 ” ,如:T

30、he man cant be our teacher because he is much younger thanour teacher. 那个人不可能是咱们老师,他年轻得多。2. mustn t 意为 “ 禁止、不许 ” , 用来表达命令,表示强烈的语气。如:You mustn t play football in the street. It s too dangerous.你不可以在街上踢足球,太危险了。易混点五: must 和 have to 1.must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要。have to 侧重于客观上的必要,可用于现在时、 过去时和将来时。 如: I know I mu

31、st study hard. 我知道我必须努力学习。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。I haven t got any money with me, so Ill have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱, 只好向朋友借点了。He said they must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作。2. have to 可以用于多种时态;而must 只用于一般现在或将来。如:The composit

32、ion is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。【情态动词例题解析】1、 _ you pass me a pen? I d like to write down the phone number. Sure. Here it is. A. Can B. Need C. Might D. Must 【解析】由题干可知,本句表示请求、许可。答案:A 2、May I go to the cinema, mum? Certainly, but you _ be bac

33、k by 11 o clock.A. can B. may C. must D. need 【解析】由题意可知,此处并非表推测的用法,而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求,故选 C, 意为 “ 必须” 。答案: C3、You _ get there by bus. A. don t need B. needn t to C. don t need to D. need don t to【解析】由选项A 可知need 为实义动词,故应加上 to 才正确。选项 B neednt为情态动词,应去掉 to,故选C. 4、You _ worry about me. It s nothing serious. A.

34、can t B. mustn t C. needn t D. won t【解析】由题干It s nothing serious 可推断,第一句意为“ 你不必为我担心” , 故选 C。 本题易错选 B, mustn t 意为 “ 禁止 ” ,故不正确。答案:C 5、Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? Sorry, I m not sure . But it _ be.A. might B.mustn t C.can t D.must解析】考查情态动词might 表推测的用法。“I m not sure ” 说明说话者的语气

35、并不肯定,所以要用might。答案: A 6、The man in the office_be Mr. Black, because he went home just now. A.mustn t B.may not C.can t D.needn t【解析】 由下文he went home just now 可知,作者判断办公室里那个人(不可能是Mr. Black 。 mustnt 意为 “ 千万别 ” ,may not 意为 “ 可能不 ” , neednt意为 “ 不必 ” 。 cant 意为不可能,故选 C。7、Can you go surfing with us this afte

36、rnoon? I d like to , but I _ look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.A.need B.must C.have to D.should 【解析】由题干 my mother is ill 为客观要求可知,选 C. 8、May I take this book out of the reading room? _. Please read it here. A. Certainly B.No, you needn t C.No, you mustn t D.No, you may not【解析】 M

37、ay I ?的否定答语为No, you can t/ mustn t.;Must I ? 否定答语为No,you neednt/don t 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - 6 have to.;Can I ?的否定答语为No, you can t. 在口语交际中,要体会句子中的情感差别。答案:C【情态动词活学巧练】1. John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very

38、sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must 2. They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to 3. May I take this book out? No, you_. A. cant B. may not C. neednt D. arent 4 .You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D.

39、 would 5. Can you speak Japanese? No, I_. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not 6. He_ be in the classroom, I think. No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt 7. Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad? Thanks, but you_

40、, Ive had enough. A. may not B. must not C. cant D. neednt 8. Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it _ be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need 9. He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. shall C. must D. has to 10. _ I take this one? A. May B. Will C.

41、Are D. Do 11. The children_ play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must 12. You _ be late for school again next time. A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to 13. Must I do my homework at once? No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. may not 14. His arm is all right. He_

42、go and see the doctor. A. has not to B. dont have to C. havent to D. doesnt have to 15Youd better_late next time. A. not to be B. not be C. wont be D. dont be 16. Youd better _ your hair _ once a month. A. had; cut B. had; cutted C. have; cut D. have; cutted 17. You_ ask that man over there. Maybe h

43、e knows the way. A. had better not to B. had not better C. had better D. had better not 18.Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday? _ A. Here you are B. Sorry , I cant C. Yes, please D. Let me try 19 Why dont you ask Mike to go with us? Thanks, _. A. I will B. I wont C. lean D. I may 20

44、. _ I take the newspaper away? No, you mustnt. You_read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must 21 Excuse me. _ you please pass me that cup? A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页,共 7 页 - - - - -

45、 - - - - 7 22. _ you like to have another try? A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do 23 Would you like to go boating with us? Yes, _. A. Id like B. I want C. Id like to D. I do 24.You_ worry about your son. He will get well soon. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. have to 25.The poor man needs our help, _ he?

46、 A. need B. neednt C. does D. doesnt 26. Must we do our homework first? No, you_. You may have a rest first. A. mustnt B. neednt C. may not D. cant 【参考答案】1-5. A D A B B 2-10. C D B C A 11-15. C A A D B 16-20.C C B A B 21-25.C C C A D 26.B 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页,共 7 页 - - - - - - - - -

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