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1、情态动词的用法要点一 can和 could 情态动词用法例句can/could 表示能力1“ I don t think Mike can type.” “ Yes, he can. ”2I can speak fluent English now , but I couldn t last year. 在肯定句中，表示客观可能性，并不涉及具体某事会发生，常用来说明人或事物的特征。要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不用can，需用 could，may，might。1As a human being, anyone can make a mistake. 2I m confident that
2、a solution can be found. 3He can be very forgetful sometimes. 4I may stay at home this weekend.（实际可能性）5Peter might come to join us.(实际可能性 )6It will be sunny in the daytime ,but it could rain tonight.(实际可能性 )表示请求和允许。 表示请求，口语中常用could 代替 can，使语气更委婉。1Can we turn the air conditioner on? 2Any police offic
3、er can insist on seeing a driver s license. 3In soccer, you can t touch the ball with your hands. 4Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please? 5I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this. 表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测，主要用在否定句和疑问句中。1It can t be easy caring for a man and a child who are not yo
4、ur own. 2Can the man over there be our head master? 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用在否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。1Can this be an excuse for not giving them help? 2This can t be true. 3How can you be so crazy. 特别说明：（1）could 用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can（即： could 不能用于现在时态的简略答语中） 。如： Could I use your dictionary? Yes, you ca
5、n.(否定回答可用：No, I m afraid not.) (2)can 和 be able to 辨析can(could)和 be able to 都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can 只有现在式和过去式，而be able to 则有更多的形式。如：I ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English. Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you ll be able to carry them on your own? 但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用
6、could，而用 was/were able to 来表示。这时， was/were able to 相当于 managed to do 或 succeed in doing。如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again. The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building. (3) 惯用形式“ cannot too”表示“无论怎么也不（过分）” 。如：You cannot be too ca
7、reful.你越小心越好。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 惯用形式“ cannot but+ 不定式（不带to） ”表示“不得不，只好”。如：I cannot but admire her determination. 我不得不钦佩你的决心。二may 和 might 情态动词用法例句may/might 表示允许、许可。否定回答一般用must not/mustn t,表示“禁止、阻止”之意，但也可以用had better not (
8、最好别 )或 may not（不可以），语气较为委婉。1 May I come in and wait? 2 May I smoke here? No, you mustn t(或 No, you d better not.) 在表示请求、允许时，might 比 may 语气更委婉些。用 May I 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常用语中， 用 Can I 征询对方意见更为常见。1 Might I borrow your pen? 2 I wonder if I might speak to your son. 表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“或许” “
9、大概”“可能”之意；用might 代替 may 时，则语气显得更加不肯定。1 It may rain this afternoon. 2 She might come to join us this afternoon. 3 I suppose he might have missed the train. may 用于祈使句表示祝愿1 May you succeed. 2 Long may he live! 愿他能持续住下去。3 May you have many more days as happy as this one. 4 May she rest in peace.愿她安息。惯用句
10、式：“may well+ 动词原形”， 意为“完全能， 很可能”，相当于 to be very likely to “may as well 或 might(just)as well+ 动词原形”意为“最好，满可以，倒不如”，相当于“ had better或 there is no reason to do anything else. 1 It may well change forever the way you look at Greek art. 2 There may well be a real problem here. 3 There is nothing to do, so
11、I may as well go to bed. 4 You may as well tell us now, we ll find out sooner or later. 5 I suppose we might as well go home. 6 And if you have to plough the field anyway, you might as well plant it at the same time. 二must和 have to情态动词用法例句must 表示“必须，应该”之意，语气比should，ought to强烈。其否定形式mustn t 表示“不准，不应该，
12、禁止”等意1 You must come to school on time. 2 Everybody must obey the law. 3 You mustn t drive so fast in the street. 4 We mustn t waste any more time. 在回答带有must 的问句时，否定回答常用needn t或 don t have to，表示“不必” ，而不用 mustn t 1 Must I come back before ten? Yes，you must.(No, you needn t) 表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、相必”，只用于肯
13、定句中1 It must be my mother. 2 You must be hungry after a walk. 3 There must be a hole in the wall. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - have to have to “必须，不得不” ，意义与 must 相近。但 must 表示的是说话人的主观看法，而 have to 则往往强调客观需要。1 The film is not interes
14、ting. I really must go now. 2 I have to go now, because my mother is in hospital. must 只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，而 have to 则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。1I had to work hard when I was your age. 2I will have to learn how to use a computer. 3In order to take the exam, we ll have to finish the whole book by the end o
15、f this month . 两者的否定意义不同，mustn t 表示“禁止，不许” ，don t have to 表示不必。1 You mustn t go there. 2 You don t have to go there. 四shall和 should 情态动词用法例句shall 用于第一、二、三人称构成的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或请求指示1 Shall I open the window? 2 Shall we say 6 o clock, then? 3 What shall I get for dinner? 用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
16、1 Don t worry, you shall get the answer this afternoon.(允诺 ) 2 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告）3 You shall do as I say. (命令 ) 4 If you children don t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. (威胁 ) should 表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”1 What should I do? 2 Should I trust him? 3 You should r
17、ead his new book. 表示推测，用在肯定句中，对现在的情况或可能发生的事的主观推测或期待。意为“想必，大概，或许”1 It should be a nice day tomorrow. 2 Try phoning Robert, he should be home now. 3 He should be around sixty years old. 还可以用在if 引导的条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性很小， 但也不是完全不可能，相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语用should+动词原形构成，主句都一定用虚拟语气1 Ask Tom to ring me up if you shou
18、ld see him. (你万一见到汤姆，请让他给我打个电话) 2 Should I be free tomorrow, I ll come. ( 万一我明天有时间，我就过来) 3 If things should change suddenly, please let me know. (万一情况突变，请通知我) 用于疑问句或感叹句中，表示意外、 惊异的情绪，意为“竟会”，与 why，what，how，who 连用，如果是疑问句，则不需要回答。1 Why should anyone want to marry Tony? 2 Don t ask me. How should I know?
19、五will 和 would 情态动词用法例句精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - will/would 用于表示意志或意愿。will指现在， would指过去。1 He is the man who will go his own way. (他首歌自行其是的人。 ) 2 They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the station. 表示请求、建议等，用 would 比用 will 委婉、客
20、气。1 Will you please take a message for him? 2 Would you please tell me your telephone number? 表示习惯或倾向，意为“总是，惯于”。will至现在， would 指过去。1 Fish will die without water. 2 People will talk. ( 人们总会说闲话。) 3 When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together. 表示推测，意为“很可能，大概”。will表示推测比 should
21、 把握大，比must 把握小。1 These things will happen. 2 That will be the messenger ringing. 3 It would be about ten o clock when he left home. 表示功能，意为“能，行” 。惯用形式： will do/would do 表示“解决问题” 、 “就行”。1 That will be all right. 2 Either pen will do. 3 It would not do to work too late. （工作太晚不行。 ）用于否定句中，意为“不肯”、 “不乐意”1
22、I won t listen to your nonsense. 2No matter what I said, he wouldn t listen to me. 特别说明： would 与 used to辨析would 可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说： “she would be a quiet girl. ”另外， would 强调过去某种特定情况下的活动，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。而used to 则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可表示。Would 可以表示不规则的习惯，used to则不可。如：He used t
23、o be a naughty boy and cause trouble. I used to get up at six in the morning. Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods. In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. Chen for help. 六need和 dare 情态动词用法例句need 用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，只有现在时，过去式要用 neednt have，疑问式用 n
24、eed+人称?,否定式用 need not(即 neednt） ，1Need we leave soon? Yes, you must.(No, you neednt) 2You neednt have hurried. (=It was not necessary for you to hurry，but you did). 你当时不必这么匆忙。做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同，后接带 to 的不定式（ need doing = need to be done ）,过去式用 needed 、did you need? 和didnt need, 肯定式用 needs/needed/ne
25、ed,疑问式用 do、does 、did 提问，否定式要在前面加dont 、doesnt 、didnt1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名词，need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解 ) 2He needs to see a doctor.(need to do) 3Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party?(need somebody to do something) 4T
26、hey didnt need to start so early.(do not need to do) dare 用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词，没有人1 Dare you tell her the truth? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中Yes, I dare. /No, I daren t. 3 How dare you accuse me of lying! 4
27、He daren t admit this. 用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中，dare 后接带 to 的不定式；否定句中， dare 后既可接带to 的不定式，也可接不带 to 的不定式。1 Only a few journalists dared to cover the story. 2 He doesn t dare (to) go there alone. 3 Don t you dare (to) touch it? 七ought的用法：情态动词用法例句ought to do 表示“应该”之意1 You ought to take care of him. 2
28、 Ought I go now? Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtn t to. 表示推测。注意与must 表示推测是的区别1 He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) 2 He ought to be home by now. ( 不十分肯定 ) 3 This is where the oil must be. ( 比较直率 ) 4 This is where the oil ought to be. ( 比较含蓄 ) 说明：should与 ought to 表示“应该”时的区别should 表示自己的主观看法，而ought to 的
29、语气中，含有“按道理应该”之意。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用ought to。如：You should help them with their work. You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education. 八 “情态动词 +have done ” 用法情态动词 +have done 用法例句must have done 表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必， 准是，一定做了某事”1She must have gone through a lot. 2He must have v
30、isited the White House during his stay in the United States. may/might have done 表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经（没有）“。一般用于肯定句或否定句中， 不用于疑问句。 用 might则表示语气更加不肯定。1You may have learnt the news. 2He may not have heard his name called. 3Sorry I m late. I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to slee
31、p again. canhave done cannot have done 表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（can 换成could 时语气委婉）1Where can she have gone? 2Could he have done such a foolish thing? 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3The boy can t have finished reading the boo
32、k so soon because it is difficult even to an adult. could have done 可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已经”之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施的事情的惋惜。1He could have killed himself driving at a dangerous speed. 2You could have been more considerate. 3You could have done better, but you were too careless. might have done 表示“本来可
33、能，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1You should not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark. 2He might have given him more help, thought he was busy. should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。1He should have known that the police would never allow
34、 this sort of thing. 2You shouldn t have done it so carelessly. 3You ought to have returned the book earlier. 4You ought not to have refused his offer. needn t have done 表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didn t need to do 表示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”1You needn t have watered the plants, for it is going to rain. 2I didn t need
35、to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home. had better have done 用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”，其否定式had better not have done 表示相反的含义。1You had better have started earlier. 2You had better not have scolded her. would rather have done 表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其否定式would rather not have done 表示相反的含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。1I w
36、ould rather have taken his advice. 2I would rather not have told him the truth. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 7 页 - - - - - - - - - -