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1、学习必备欢迎下载介词及介词短语【考点直击】1.常用介词及其词组的主要用法及意义2.介词表示时间、方位、方式别的基本用法3.一些易混介词的辨析【语法讲解】 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. (定语 ) The girl will be back in two hours. (状语 ) 介词和种类(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, acros
2、s, before, beside, for , to, without 等。(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。不同介词的用法（ 1）表时间的介词1）at, in on 表示时间点用at。例如： at six oclock, at noon, at midnight 。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如： in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning
3、, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如： on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning 等。2） since, after 由 since 和 after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since 词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after 词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：I havent heard from him since last summer. After five days the boy came back.
4、3） in, after in 与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。after 与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after 与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：He will be back in two months. He will arrive after four o clock. He returned after a month. （ 2）表示地点的介词1）at, in, on at 一般指小地方；in 一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on 往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：He arrived in Shangh
5、ai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark. The teacher put up a picture on the wall. 2） over, above, on over, on 和 above 都可表示“在上面”，但具体含义不同。over 表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above 也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载on 指两个物体表面接触
6、，一个在另一个的上面。例如：There is a bridge over the river. We flew above the clouds. They put some flowers on the teacher s desk. 3） across, through across和 through 均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。across的含义与 on 有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。through 的含义与in 有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：The dog ran across the grass. They walked through the fores
7、t. 4) in front of, in the front of in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在的前部” ，在某个范围以内。例如：There are some tall trees in front of the building. The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom. 常用介词的用法辨析一. at/ in /on .1.表示时间：1).表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/ 年龄at six o clock, at noon, at that tim
8、e, at the moment, at the age of., at night 2)in 表示时间段 ,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节 ,世纪 ,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时 ) in the morning/afternoon /evening,in spring ,in March,in the twenty-first century, in his fifties 3)on 表示星期几 /某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午 /晚上 ,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时 . On Monday,on New Year s Day ,on Sunday morn
9、ing, on a rainy night 2 表示地点 : 1)at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置at the station ,at the cinema 2)in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里. in China, in the classroom 3)on 指在某物体的表面上. on the desk 注意:写街道时,若有门牌号用at ,否则用on / in 都可. He lives at 270 DongChangan Street. 二 .介词 in /on / to 表方位 : 1.in 表示 A 地在 B 地范围之内 .(包含关系 ) Taiwan is _ the so
10、utheast of China . 2.on 表示 A,B 地接壤 .(外切关系 ) Hubei is _ the north of Hunan . 3.to 表示 A,B 两地有一定的间距.(外离关系 ) Japan is _ the east of China . 三 . between / among 在, 之间1.between :指两者之间 . 在 , .之间 . You sit _ him and me .2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间,在.之中 . The song is popular _ the students. 四 .after / in 在.之后1.a
11、fter 1)after + 时间段 . 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时 . 2)after 作介词 . after doing sth 2.in +一段时间 . 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时 . He came back _ two days . He will go home_finishing his homework . He will come back _ two days . 五 .with / in / by 表示 “用 .”1.with 表示 “用 .” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人体器官 . 精选学习资料 - - - -
12、 - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载He cut the apple into halves _ a knife . ( 注 : with 表伴随 , “带有 ,含有” ) 2.in 表示用某种语言,方式 ,途径 . 或书写 /绘画所用的材料. 也可表交通方式. He wrote a letter _ blue ink . 3.by 表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式 ,方法He makes a living _ selling newspapers . 注意: 同义词组1).by phone = on the phone 2).by
13、car = in a car 3).in pen = with a pen = with pens 六 .across / through / over / by 经过1.across 指横穿 ,穿过 . 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过. 2.through 指穿过 ,透过 ,表示从某一物体空间内通过. 3.over 表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触. 4.by 表示从某人 /某物的旁边经过. Can you swim _ the river ? the elephant is so big that it can t go _ the gate . I don t think a
14、nyone can jump _ the fence. I walked _ the bank of China yesterday . 七 .in front of / in the front of 1.in the front of 表示在 .内部的前面2.in front of 表示在 .外面的前面八 .其它介词的用法：1.at 的其它用法 . 1)表示从事或正在做某事,其后加的名词往往不加冠词. She is at work now = She is working now . 2)at 表示价格或速度The train ran at 120 kilometers an hour .
15、 2.in 的其它用法 : 1)in 表示 “在 .方面”do well in = be good at ;be weak in 2)in 表示 “穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服. be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服3.like 的用法 : 1).像/和.一样 . 常与系动词连用look like,sound like 2).与 what 连用 , “是什么样子, 怎样” . -What is he like ?- He is kind .4.off 的用法 : 1).从.下来 , 脱离某物体 . fall off ,get off2).“休假”通常放在时间名词之后. have
16、+时间+ off He hasn t had a night off for two hours . 5.except / besides 1).except 除了 .之外 , 都. 不包括在范围之内.注: nothing but , 除了 .之外 ,什么也没有 . 2).besides除了 .之外 ,还有 .包括在范围之内. We all went swimming _ Lucy . There is _ a letter in the box . We study Japanese and French_ English . 6.with / without 1).with 具有 ,含有反
17、义词 : without 没有with the help of = with one s help =because of = thanks to A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物B).without + doing sth . He left here without_ _(say ) “Goodbye”to us C). without sth 常与 if 引导的否定的条件句. If there is no water , we can t live .= We can t live _ _ . 7.on the tree /in the tree on the
18、 tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西”在树上 . 而 in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中”人或物在树上. 8.since / for 注: since / for 用于现在完成时. 1).since : a).since +时间点精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载b). 现在完成时 + since +一般过去时c).since +一段时间 + ago. 2)for: for +一段时间 = since +一段时间 + ago9.be made +介词的区别 : be made of 由
19、.制成 (看得见原材料 ) be made from 由.制成 (看不见原材料 ) be made in +地点由哪儿生产be made by sb. 由某人制造10.表示 “数量的介词”about , round ,around ,over 1). about , round,around 表示 “大约 , ”2).over 表示 “超过” = more than. 11.inside / outside inside 在 .里面反义词 :outside 在.外面12.in the wall /on the wall in the wall 表示“门窗在墙上” on the wall 表示“
20、某东西张贴或挂在墙上”九 .不用介词的情况: 1).当时间状为 : tonight, today, yesterday, tomorrow 等时 ,不用介词 . What are you going to do tonight ? 2)含有 this, that, these, those, last, next, every, each等时间状语 . He went to Wuxi last week .3).以 all 开头的时间状语前面不用介词. He has worked all day .4).以 some ,any, one 等构成的时间状语前不用介词. 介词短语介词和动词、形容词
21、或名词相结合后，形成复合词，有特定的意思。如下：（ 1） 动词 +介词（如： talk about，look at）（ 2） be 动词 +形容词 +介词（如： be kind of ）（ 3） 介词 +名词（如： at home，on foot， in time） 动词 +介词look up 查看，查（字典） ；talk to/with sb. 和某人谈论； look at 注视； listen to 倾听； call on sb.拜访某人； be动词 +形容词 +介词be kind to 对（某人）亲切;be late for 迟到； be afraid of 害怕； be short o
22、f 缺乏 ;be sick of 厌恶 介词 +名词1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成，单是一些常用介词就可构成大量常用短语和表达：例如 at: at first sight 一见 (钟情 )at peace(war) 处于和平 (战争 )状态 at play(work) 在玩耍 (工作 ) at the same time (与此 )同时by: by accident 偶然 by air 航空 by all means 想一切办法 by force 靠武力 by turns 轮流 by the way 顺便说一句in: in a sense 从某种意义上说 in danger 处于危险中in f
23、act 实际上 in general 一般说来 in other words 换句话说on: on duty 值班 on fire 着火 on foot 步行 on holiday 在休假 on purpose 故意地 on sale 在出售 on strike 罢工out of: out of danger 脱离危险out of fashion 不时新 out of sight 看不见 out of question 不可能 out of work 失业2)有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语：day after day 日复一日地year after year 年复一年one after anot
24、her 一个接一个地one by one 一个接一个little by little 一点一点地side by side 并肩step by step 一步步地face to face 面对面hand in hand 手牵手地day before yesterday 前天 day after tomorrow 后天3)还有一些常用表达包含两个介词：from beginning to end 从头至尾from bad to worse 越来越糟精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载from time to
25、time 不时地 from head to foot 浑身from door to door 挨门挨户地from place to place 到各地【实例分析】1He has been late for school three times _ the morning of last Friday. A. in B. on C. since D. until 2I forgot to bring the key _ my office. A. of B. for C. with D. to 3. You ll get one thousand dollars _. A after all B
26、 at all C in all D all together 【课堂作业】I. 用适当的介词填空。1.I m sorry I can t say it _ Chinese. 2.Do you usually go to school _bike? 3.Look, the farmer is carrying apples _ a truck. 4.Is anyone _ home? 5.Please look _my bird when I m away. 6.Are Jim and Li Lei _ the same class? 7.There is a hole _ the wall.
27、 8. _ the beginning of this term, I met my new friend, Jim . 9.There are a few leaves _the tree. 10.The girl _ the red coat is my sister. 11.Could you give an orange _ me? 12.Its time to go _bed. 13.I can see a bottle _ orange. 14.Put the basket _ there. 15.Whats wrong _ your watch? 16.One _ the stu
28、dents is in the classroom. 17.I think the shop is closed _ this time of day. 18.My father teaches English _ a school. 19.We have lunch _ the middle of the day. 20.You can buy some school things _ your way home. 21.I was born _ July 1st, 1982 . 22.May I borrow a pencil _ you? 23.Don t sleep _ the ope
29、n air. 24.I often help my mother _ the housework. 25.It s time _ school. 26.I have quite a lot _homework to do. 27.What s the time ? It s half _ five. 28.Ducks are good _ swimming. 29.What are you talking _? 30.He is sitting _ the front of the car. II.选择填空。1. _ the money, she bought a new coat _ her
30、 father. A. With, for B. With, to C. For, with D. To, with 2. The beautiful bottle was made _ glass. A. from B. in C. of D. by 3. This is a map_China. A.in B. at C. of D. On 4. A group_ boys and girls are dancing in the park. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页学习必备欢迎下载A.with B.
31、of C. for D. to 5. Tom always comes late_school. A.at B. inside C. to D. for 6. Mr. Smith caught hold_ Bob and said, This is a good lesson_ you. A. of, for B. for, of C. of, of D. for; for 7. The shop_ clothes is _the right side _ the street. A. of, at, beside B. for, on, at C. for, on, of D. of, in
32、, of 8 .Its hot _summer in Beijing . A.by B .on C .at D .in 9 .China is famous _ her Great Wall . A.as B .for C .to D .of 10 .These knives are made _ metal and wood . A.from B .of C .by D .in 11 .My father returned at 10 o clock _ of June 15. A.in the night B .by the night C .on the night D .at nigh
33、t 12 . _ your help, we finished the work on time. A.Thanks B .Thanks of C .Thank for D .Thanks to 13. China built a Great Wall _ the northern part _the country. A. to, in B. across, of C. across, on D. at, of 14. He often mistakes me _my brother. A.to B .as C .for D .with 15.The woman _a red dress i
34、s my aunt. A.in B .at C .of D .on 16.I remember Susan left _a very cold morning of January. A.in B .on C .at D .from 17.Thank you very much _lending the eraser _ me. A.for, at B. to, to C. for, to D. to, for 18. Don t tell anybody about it .Keep it _ you and me. A.among B .between C .in D .with 19.I
35、 enjoy reading, but I can t _much time _ it. A.spend, on B. pay, in C. take, in D. cost, on 20.No one can stop her _ leaving for Shanghai. A .of B .from C .to D .for 参考答案1 .in 2 .by 3 .with 4 .at 5 .after 6 .in 7 .in 8 .At 9 .on 10 .in 11 .to 12 .to 13 .of 14 .over 15 .With 16 .of 17 .at 18 .in 19 .in 20 .on 21 .on 22 .from 23 .in 24 .with 25 .for 26 .of 27 .past 28 .at 29 .about 30 .in 1-5 ACCBC 6-10 ACDBB 11-15 CDBCA 16-20 BCBAB 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页