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1、第七讲初中英语情态动词讲解一、情态动词的概念情态动词本身有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样， 需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语。情态动词有四个特征： 不能单独做谓语，必须与其他动词一起构成谓语； 没有人称和数的变化； 情态动词后必须跟动词原形； 具有助动词功能。二、情态动词的用法1. can 的用法：1)表示能力，译为“能、会”，即有某种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时may 和must不可代替它。例句：She can swim fast, but I can t . 她能游得很快，但我不能。例句： I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。2)表示许可，常在口语中。这里可以用m
2、ay 代替。例句： You can/may use my dictionary. 你可以用我的字典。3)表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can t 不是“不能”而是“不可能”。例句： The news is true. 这消息是真的。一般疑问句：Is the news true? 这消息是真的吗？表推测、怀疑：Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？例句： - Can it be our teacher? 那个人有可能是我们老师吗？- No, it can t be our teacher. He is visiting the Great Wall
3、. 不可能。咱们老师正在游览长城呢。【例题】 I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. No. She _ be there, I have just been there. A.can tB. mustntC. needn tD. wouldnt注意： can 和 be able to的区别表达“能够”的时候，两者可以互换。但是细微的差别在于：can 强调与生俱来的能力， “能够”；精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页b
4、e able to是后天习得的能力或者经过努力、拼搏、奋斗而做成的事，“有能力做” 。例句： They can/are able to be here on time. 他们能够及时赶到。例句： They were able to arrive here on time with his help. 有了他的帮助，他们就能及时赶到这里了。例句： They can arrive here on time. 他们能够及时赶到这里。2.could的用法：1)can 的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。例句： He could write poems when he was 10. 他十岁时就会
5、写诗。2)could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。例句： Could you give me a hand? 你能帮我个忙吗？例句： Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗? Yes, you can. 可以。 （注意回答是can 能够）3.may 的用法：1)表示请求、许可，比can 正式例句： May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？例句： You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。【例题】 _ I borrow your MP3? Sure . Here you are. A. May
6、 B. Should C. Must D. Would 2)表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。例句： It may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨。例句： She may be at home.她可能在家呢 . 3)may 的过去式为might ，表示推测，可能性低于may 。例句： He is away from school. He might be sick.他离开学校了,可能是他生病了。4)表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为“祝愿”。句型通常是may + 主语 + 动词原形。例句： May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。例句
7、： May you be happy! 祝你幸福！精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页例句： May you succeed！祝你成功！4.must的用法：1)must表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。例句：You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须呆在这儿。例句： Must I hand in my homework right now?我必须现在交作业吗？2)其否定形式m ustnt 表示“禁止， 不准，不允许”、 “一定不要”、 “千万别”。例句：You must
8、n t play with fire. 你不许玩火。例句：You mustn t be late.你一定不要迟到。3)must表示有把握的推测， “肯定”，用于肯定句。例句： The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。4)对 must引导的疑问句回答肯定回答为must 否定回答为needn t 或 don t have to 例句： Must I finish my homework?我现在必须完成作业吗？ No, you needn t./ No, you dont have to. 不，你不必。注意 must 反意问句的
9、构成形式：当 must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来反问。例句： She must have seen the film before， hasn t she? 例句： You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday， didnt you? 5.need的用法：1)need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。2)用 need 提问的回答：肯定回答为must ，否定回答为needn t “没有必要”或 don t have to“不必”。例句： Need I stay here any longer? 我还
10、有必要留在这儿吗？ Yes, you must .是的。 No. you needn t /don t have to.不，你不必。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页3)need 还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化。 如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式，即need to do。例句： I need to do it at once.我需要马上做这件事。例句： He needs to learn more about the girl.他需要多了解那个女孩。 如果是物作主语，一般用need doing与 nee
11、d to be done。例如： The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要刷一下漆。例句： Your car needs repairing. = Your car needs to be repaired. 你的车需要维修了。6.shall 的用法：shall 表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称）。例句： Shall we go out for a walk?我们出去散步好吗？其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please. All right. No, thank you. 在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式
12、提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。1)用“Lets do.”来提出建议。例句： Lets go for a walk after supper.我们晚饭后去散步吧。 （和听话者一起散步）例句： Let us go for a walk after supper.请让我们晚饭后去散步吧。（征求听话者意见）2)用“What/How about.?”来提出建议；about后接名词或doing形式。例句： What about/How about a drink? 喝一杯怎么样？例句： What about/How about taking Tom with us?带上汤姆和我们一起怎么样？精选学习资料
13、- - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页3)用“Why not.?”来提出建议，表示“何不”not面后接动词原形。“Why not.?”实际上是“Why dont you/we.?”的简略形式。例句： Why not meet at the school gate at eight? 不如八点在校门口见吧？例句： Why dont we stay here another day? 我们何不改天留在这里？4)用“Would you like.?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要吗?” Would you like后可接名词或 to do 。例
14、句： Would you like a cup of tea?你想喝杯茶吗？例句： Would you like to go and see her?你想去看看她吗？因此，如果我们说：“去游泳好吗?”英语中可有这样几种表达法：Shall we go for a swim? Lets go for a swim，shall we? What about/How about going swimming? Why not go for a swim? Would you like to go for a swim? What do you think of going for a swim? wo
15、uld you 的回答方式有以下几种：A.Yes, I will. (No, I won t.)嗯，好的。（不，不必了。 ）B.Sure . (I m sorry , I can t.)当然。（抱歉，不能。 ）C.All right. / OK. / With pleasure./Certainly. (No, thank you .)好的。 /乐意效劳。 /当然。 （不，谢谢。 ）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页D.Yes, please. 好的，麻烦了。【例题】 Would you give me a hand
16、 and pass on my thanks to Lily? _. A. That s right B. With pleasure C. It doesn t matter D. No trouble 7.should的用法：1)should意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。例句： We should protect the environment.我们应该保护环境。2)should have done过去本应当做某事但却没有做，表示对过去动作的责备、批评。例句： You should have finished your homework by now. 3)到目前为止你应该
17、已经完成作业了。（事实上你没有完成。 ）8.will 的用法：will 表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。例句：I will help you if I m free this afternoon.今天下午如果我有空，我就会帮你。9.had better的用法：had better意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to 的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。例句： We had better go now.我们最好现在就走。例句： You had better not give the book to him.你最好不要把这本书给他。精选学习资料 - - - - -
18、- - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页情态动词练习题一、选择题( ) 1. John_ come to see us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. may B. can C. has to D. must ( ) 2. They _ do well in the exam. A. can be able to B. be able to C. can able to D. are able to ( ) 3. -May I take this book out? -No, you_. A. cant B.
19、may not C. neednt D. arent ( ) 4. You_ go and see a doctor at once because youre got a fever. A. can B. must C. dare D. would ( ) 5. -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not ( ) 6. -He_ be in the classroom, I think. -No, he _ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a m
20、inute ago. A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; cant D. may; mustnt ( ) 7. Even the top students in our class cant work out this problem, so it_ be very difficult. A. may B. must C. can D. need ( ) 8. He isnt at school. I think he _ be ill. A. can B. will C. must D. has to ( ) 9. _ I take this o
21、ne? A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do ( ) 10. The children_ play football on the road. A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must ( ) 11. You _ be late for school again next time. A. mustnt B. neednt C. dont have to D. dont need to ( ) 12. -Must I do my homework at once? -No, you_. A. neednt B. mustnt C. cant D. ma
22、y not ( ) 13. His arm is all right. He_ go and see the doctor. A. has not to B. dont have to C. havent to D. doesnt have to ( ) 14. He had to give up the plan, _ he? A. did B. didnt C. does D. doesnt ( )15. Must I return the hook tomorrow morning? No, you _ .You can keep it longer. A. mustnt B. cant
23、 C. neednt D. couldnt ( )16. How long may I keep the book? You _ keep it for two weeks. A. may B. must C. will ( )17. Susan, would you like to go hiking with us this afternoon? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页 Id love to, but I study for a test. A. may B. have to C. can ( )18
24、.- May I go out now, Dad? - No. You _ let your mother know first. A. can B. may C. need D. must ( )19. - Can I skate on the lake now? - No, you _. It s dangerous.A. can tB. mustntC. needn tD. won t( )20. Peter doesn t mind lending you his camera. He _. I ve already borrowed one.A. needn tB. can t C.
25、 mustn t D. shouldnt( )21. Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Ms King in her office. Morning. You _be Mr. Jones. This way, please. A. will B. must C. can D, might ( )22. -Dad, the bread is not enough. I am still hungry. I have something more? - But there s nothing in the fridge now.A. Must B.
26、 Need C. Will D. Can ( )23. Wheres my music disc? I cant see it! Youd better the disc carefully in your bedroom. A. look up B. look through C. look for ( )24. - Do we have to go to school this afternoon? - Yes, you _. A. must B. can C. need ( )25. Congratulations! Youve got the first prize in the En
27、glish Contest. _ it be true? Its unbelievable! A. May B. Should C. Must D. Can ( )26. -May we go home now ? - No, you_. You_ to go home until 5 o clock.A. mustn t; are allowedB. don t have to; are supposedC. needn t; aren t allowed D. can t; arent supposed二、填空题：1.Must we leave now? No, we _ _ _.We s
28、till have two more hours. 2. Can you ride a horse? No. I_ . 3.You eat the soup if you dont like it. 4._ you wait a few more minutes? He will return soon. 5.May we leave the classroom now? No, you_. You shouldnt leave until the bell rings. 6.She _ be here . I saw her come in. 7.I can t go to the cine
29、ma with you because I _ stay here until my mother comes back. 8.Be quiet, Mr. Smith is coming. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页 Don t worry. It _ be him. Mr. Smith is much taller. 9._ I smoke here? No. You are not allowed to smoke in public places. 10. Hey, Ted! You _ never p
30、lay in the street. It s not safe. Sorry, Mum. I won t again.11. Whose T - shirt is this? It_ be John s. It s _ _small for him. 12. Must we clean the classroom at once? No, you _. You _ clean it after school. 13. I can t stop smoking, doctor. For your health, I m afraid you _ _. 14. -Shall we meet at the station at 8 am? -In fact we _ _. The train until 10 am. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页