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1、学习必备欢迎下载分词作状语专题适用学科英语适用年级高一适用区域全国课时时长120 分钟知识点现在分词；过去分词教学目标使学生掌握分词作状语的各种题型的做题方法教学重点“分词作状语”题解题方法教学难点掌握分词作状语这类句式教学过程一、 复习预习分词的形式：1. 动词 -ing形式；2. 动词 -ed 形式二、 知识讲解与例题精析分词作状语是高考考查的热点和重要考点，其热点考查内容如下：一、确定分词形式分词作状语时，通常放在句首，并且用逗号与主句隔开。同时，分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，也就是说在确定选择现在分词还是过去分词时，要判断主句主语与分词中心词的关系。如果句子的主语是动词
2、-ing 形式所表示的动作的发出者（即表主动或正在进行），分词形式选用现在分词；如果句子的主语是动词 -ed 形式所表示的动作的承受者时（即表被动或完成），分词形式选用过去分词。例： 1, _, I stretched my hand out for it. A. I saw the book I wanted on the shell B. The book I wanted was on the shell C. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying on the desk 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总
3、结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载分析：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知句子的主语I 只能与 see保持一致。 如果选 A, 该句中没有连词，没能构成并列句和主从复合句，此时要选用非谓语动词形式。所以选C 2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 分析：“ Seen from the hill ” 是过去分词作状语。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则，可知，“the park”是“ Seen from the hill ”的逻辑主语，它们之间表
4、示被动关系，所以分词形式用seen. 二确立句子主语可能是谁确立句子主语可能是谁时，仍然遵循分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致的原则。反过来要根据分词形式确立句子主语。例： Having been attacked by terrorists, _. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists 分析 : 本题仍考查非谓语动词的用法。句中“Having been attac
5、ked by terrorists ”是现在分词作状语。分词作状语时， 其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。根据这一原则， 可知“受攻击” 的应是 “the tall building ”, 即“Having been attacked”的逻辑主语是“the tall building ”.句意为“大楼因为受到恐怖分子的袭击而倒塌”. 答案: B 三独立主格结构分词作状语时其逻辑主语与主句主语应保持一致，但当分词逻辑主语与主语不一致时，分词要有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种主语常常是名词或代词，置于动词-ing 形式或动词 -ed 形式之前。这种名词/代词 +动词 -ing/动词 -ed 结构在语法上被称
6、为独立主格结构。此时分词形式的选择取决于名词/代词与v-ing/v-ed 形式所表示动作的逻辑关系，如果它们之间表示主动或分词动作正在进行，选择现在分词，如果它们之间表示被动或完成，选择过去分词。1, 名词 /代词 +动词 -ing 例： Spring coming on, the trees turned green. 2，名词 /代词 +动词 -ed 例： The question settled, they felt released. 3，with/without+ 名词 /代词 +动词 -ing/-ed 例： With the tree grown tall, we get more
7、 shade. Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载The battle was over without a shot being fired. 四分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句。例： _weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar. A. I m putting on B. Having put on C. As I m gaini
8、ng D. To gain 分析：在并列句和主从复合句中, 逗号只起分隔作用, 前后两部分的逻辑关系必须使用连接词来表达; 否则要使用非谓语动词. 该题中 B， C 两项是非谓语动词作状语, 但其逻辑主语与主句主语不一致, 所以只能使用连接词来表达前后两部分的逻辑关系. 答案 : C 五现在分词和过去分词作独立成分英语中一些特殊的分词可用作独立成分，不需要逻辑主语。这种无依着动词形式结构已经成为固定用法。常见的不需要逻辑主语的动词-ing/-ed 形式结构 : Considering (that) 考虑到supposing (that) 如果generally speaking 一般说来fra
9、nkly speaking 坦白说Judging from 从判断talking of 说到Concerning关于setting aside. 除开Coming to谈到 allowing for. 考虑到Proving/provided (that) 假定 supposing/suppose (that)假如Seeing (that) 既然 given (that)假设；如果；考虑到put frankly 坦白地说taken as a whole 总的说来例： 1. Put frankly, I dont agree with what he said. 坦白地说，我不同意他说的话。2.
10、Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. 考虑到他的一般身体状况，他手术后恢复过来可能需要一段时间。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载3. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work? 假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢？三、课堂运用一、用作时间状语1. 典型例句Seeing the cat, the mouse ran of
11、f. 见到猫，老鼠就跑了。The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后，他就回家了。2. 理解技巧分词 (短语 )用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：When As soon as the mouse saw the cat, it ran off. After the work was finished, he went home. 3. 高考实例When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences w
12、ithout noticing the many similarities. (2006 浙江卷 ) A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 【分析】此题答案选C，分词短语when comparing different cultures 相当于时间状语从句when we compare different cultures 。二、用作原因状语1. 典型例句Being very weak, she couldnt move. 她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。His car broken down, he had to
13、 walk. 他的车坏了，所以只好走路。Much discouraged, she moved on to London. 她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。2. 理解技巧分词 (短语 )用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句，如上面三句也精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载可转换成：As she was very weak, she couldn t move. Because his car was broken down, he had to
14、walk. Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London. 3. 高考实例(1) _ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷 ) A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face 【分析】答案选 A。 现在分词短语faced with so much trouble 可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced with so much trouble。(2) _ for the b
15、reakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (2006福建卷 ) A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed 【分析】答案选B。现在分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network可转换成原因状语从句 because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network 。三、用作条件状语1. 典型例句Work
16、ing hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。United, we stand; divided, we fall. 团结则存，分裂则亡。Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。2. 理解技巧分词 (短语 )用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if 引导的条件状语从句，如上面几句也可转换成：If you work hard, you will su
17、cceed. If we add them all up, we can find the answer. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. If we had been given more time, we could have done it better. 3. 高考实例_ time, he ll make a first-class tennis player. (2003 北京春 ) A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 【分析】答案选D。give 与
18、其逻辑主语he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选D。分词短语Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺If he is given time 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载四、用作让步状语1. 典型例句Living miles away, he attended the course. 虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。2. 理解技巧分词 (短语 )用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词t
19、hough, although, no matter等引导的让步状语从句，如上面两句也可转换成：Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 3. 高考实例No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. (2006广东卷 ) A. performed B. performing C. to b
20、e performed D. being performed 【分析】 答案选 A。 现在分词短语performed 在此相当于they are performed。 No matter how frequently they are performed 的意思是“无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”。五、用作伴随状语1. 典型例句He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。Dont you sit there doing nothing. 别什么也不干坐在那里。He came in, followed by his wife. 他走
21、了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。2. 理解技巧理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语 )用作伴随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。3. 高考实例(1) Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. (2006湖北卷 ) A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing (2) My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of
22、fresh fruits. (2006安徽卷 ) A. brought B. bringing C. to bring D. had brought (3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载(2006 江苏卷 ) A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said
23、(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. (2006 全国卷 ) A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 【分析】以上四题答案分别为CBAA 。六、用作方式状语1. 典型例句He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠开卡车谋取生。Im returning you letter as requested. 我按要求给你退信。2. 理解技巧分词
24、 (短语 )用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth 的结构，如上面第一句也可换成：He earns a living by driving a truck. 注：近几年高考对分词用作方式状语的情形考得较少。七、用作结果状语1. 典型例句He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。It rained and rained, vehicles bog
25、ged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下，车辆陷入泥沼，桥梁被水冲去。2. 理解技巧分词 (短语 )用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句，如上面两句也可转换成：He fired and killed one of the passers-by. He died and left his wife with five children. It rained and rained, and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out. 3. 高考实例(1) He glanced over at her, _ that t
26、hough she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (2005广东卷 ) A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted 【分析】答案选A，此句也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. (2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a recor
27、d US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载(2005 山东卷 ) A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 【分析】答案选B，此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year and reached a record US 分词作状语时可分为以下几种形式：* doing ： 用来表
28、示主动，且前后动作同时进行。Returning home later, my friend learned that the police had been to the flat. * having done: 用来表示主动,且动作发生在主句之前。Having seen the film before, I decided not to see it again. * being done: 用来表示被动,且前后动作同时进行。Being questioned by the police, he felt frightened. * done: 用来表示被动且完成Destroyed in th
29、e storm, the house will be rebuilt. * having been done: 用来表示被动，而且强调动作持续一段时间或次数。Having been defeated three times, he had to give up. * 否定形式：not/ never + 分词结构Not studying hard, he didn t pass the test.Never having taken a plane before, he was nervous. 课程小结课后作业专项练习：1._with the size of the whole earth,
30、the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页学习必备欢迎下载C. Comparing D. When compared 2. When first _to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 3.
31、“ We cant go out in this weather,” said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 4. _ the interview, the manage went to his office, _ by the interviewer. A. Having finished, followed B. Finished, followed C. Finishing, following D. Being finished, being following 5. Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. It was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help Key: 1-5 DBAAD 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页