短文改错中的非谓语动词.doc

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1、短文改错中的非谓语动词一、简述:短文改错在高考题中共有10个小题(计15分),它主要检测考生能否准确、熟练地综合运用语言,一般给出一篇难度适中的记叙文或说明文,有10行,要求考生判断各行是否有错,再进行改错。高考题中的短文改错题型设计对学生的语言感觉和语言能力要求很高,其实改错的地方往往比较简单,它们一般遵循“一、三、六”的改错原则,即“一个正确,三个多词或少词,六个错词”。做此类题型并不难,只要我们弄清短文改错的规律,洞察出错误的地方,是能够取得好成绩的。常考的短文改错的错误主要是以下几个方面:一是语法方面,主要测试动词时态和语态,非谓语动词和短语动词;名词、代词的各种形式,形容词和副词以及

2、比较等级的用法;连词、冠词、介词;主谓一致;简单句、并列句和复合句,以及倒装、省略句等。二、非谓语动词在短文改错中的考点规律分析:符号 to 的有无;后该使用动词的什么形式;并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致;动词用作主语时用何种形式;分词作状语是主动还是被动;分词的形容词功能等。1动名词主要考查:在一些句型中做宾语或做介词的宾语时需要用动名词。 典型试题:例1I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future!(2005福建,see改为seeing) 例2In other words, they help to kee

3、p people strong and feel good. (2005湖北,feel改为feeling,考查keep sb doing。)例3Please excuse us for not able to say goodbye to you. (2005山东,not后加being。) 2不定式主要考查不定式符号to的省略与添加。 典型试题:例1Jack would fly away and bring it back for us throw again. (2005江苏,throw前加to。) 例2Some students may also to save up for their

4、college or future use.(2005全国I,去掉to。) 例3If you try to, you can be No. 1. (2005全国II,去掉to。)3现在分词与过去分词的区别根据动词与所修饰的名词主被动关系来判断,同时要注意形容词性的分词用法。 典型试题:例1I found a small house standing in a field with a light shone from the sitting room.(2005江西,shone改为shining。) 例2He would also catch the food throwing to him

5、from the other side of the room. (2005江苏,throwing改为thrown。) 例3I knocked at the door and was delighting. (2005江西,delighting改为delighted。) 例4I found the game excited. (2005浙江,excited改为exciting。) 三、练习请改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误,在该行右边横线上画一勾();如有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按下列情况改正:该行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线()划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也

6、用斜线划掉。该行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词:在错词的下面划一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意:原行没有错的不要改。第一篇:2008 全国卷1Dear Alice, I have just got some good news to tell to you. 1. _I win a national prize for painting last week. 2. _My father was so pleasing that he suggested 3. _I go to England for a holiday. Id li

7、ke to staying 4. _there for half a month, visiting place of interest 5. _Or practicing my English as well. Weve been 6. _Writing to each for nearly a year now. I have 7. _often dreamed of talk face to face with you. 8. _I imagine youll be at vacation yourself by that 9. _Time. Perhaps we could go ou

8、t to do some 10. _sightseeing together. Best, LilyKeys:1去掉to。tell sb. sth告诉某人某事。tell的直接宾语是some good news,you是间接宾语。2win won 句末有last week表示过去发生的事情,就应用一般过去时。3pleasing pleased/happy。某人感到要用动词的ed形式,某物令人用动词的ing形式。be pleased /happy with对感到高兴/满意。4staying stay 。would like to do 喜欢做某事。would like 后跟名词或动词不定式作宾语。

9、5place places。places of interest风景名胜属于固定结构,place要用复数形式。6or and。参观名胜和练习英语是并列关系,不是选择关系。7在each后加other。each other为固定搭配,意思是“互相”。8talk talking。dream .of sth./doing sth梦想做某事,其后跟名词或动名词作宾语。9at on。on vacation度假。10正确第二篇:2004年全国卷II OnThursdayIwillhavetodecidewhatIwantmyselfto 1. _dooveraweekend.Iamthinkingofmak

10、ingatrip 2. _toLondon,andvisit theBritishandsome 3. _parks.ButIhavespentmostmymoney,soIcannot 4. _evengooutoftown.Imaygotoafilm,oraconcert. 5. _Yes,aconcertcanbeveryexcited.Youcanwatchyour 6. _Starswhileenjoyingyourfavoritemusic.Sothen,a 7. _Concertcostsomuch.Imayjustlistentomusic.Ihave 8. _Somereco

11、rdsgivingtomeasbirthdaygifts.IfIlisten 9. _Tomyownrecords,therearenoneedtospendmoney. 10. _Allright.ThatswhatImgoingtodo.MuseumKeys: 1去掉myself。want可直接接不定式做宾语。 2将a改为the,特指即将到来的周末。 3visit改为visiting。与上行的making并列,同做of的宾语。 4most后加of,表部分与整体。 5正确 6excited改为exciting,此处应该是令人兴奋,而不是感到兴奋。 7So改为But。前文说音乐会的好处,下文说

12、花很多钱,是转折关系。 8cost改为costs。第三人称单数形式。 9giving改为given。过去分词作定语,表被动和完成。 10are改为is。need是不可数名词,谓语用单数形式。第三篇:2006全国卷IIAn American and a Frenchman decided to cross the seabetween France and England in the balloon in 1784. High 1._over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon. The 2._ hole became bigger a

13、nd bigger. The air keeps the 3._balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was 4._coming up. The two men threw all their equipment into5._the water to make the balloon light. It started to rise 6._higher again. So it was still too close to the water. 7._Finally, the men threw away most of his c

14、lothes to 8._save themselves. The crowd waiting for to greet them in 9._England was very surprised see this when the balloon 10._landed in front of them.Keys:1the a。冠词的误用。前面没有提到是哪个气球,所以这里不是特指,下文开始是特指。2discover discovered。前后时态应一致,都是一般过去时。3keeps keeping。现在分词作定语。4正确5up down。空气从气球里漏出去了,所以气球落下,而不是升起。6light lighter。亮一点,用比较级。7So But。是转折,不是因果关系。8his their。根据前面的the men可判断,不是一个人。9删除for。不定式作目的状语。10see前添加to。不定式作原因状语。自学:短文改错口诀: 短文改错要做好,常见典型应记牢。 名词爱考“数”与“格”,冠词在前“错”、“多”、“少”。 动词时态和语态,非谓搭配莫错了。连、代、形、副错一样,多是故意来混淆。 介词多半考搭配,多、漏、误用想周到。 句法涉及到“一致”,从句多考关系词。 词法句法均未错,逻辑推理去寻找。

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