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1、精品资料欢迎下载短文改错中的非谓语动词一、简述：短文改错在高考题中共有10 个小题 (计 15 分)，它主要检测考生能否准确、 熟练地综合运用语言，一般给出一篇难度适中的记叙文或说明文，有10 行，要求考生判断各行是否有错， 再进行改错。 高考题中的短文改错题型设计对学生的语言感觉和语言能力要求很高，其实改错的地方往往比较简单，它们一般遵循“一、三、六”的改错原则，即“一个正确，三个多词或少词，六个错词”。做此类题型并不难， 只要我们弄清短文改错的规律，洞察出错误的地方， 是能够取得好成绩的。常考的短文改错的错误主要是以下几个方面：一是语法方面， 主要测试动词时态和语态，非谓语动词和短语动词；
2、名词、代词的各种形式，形容词和副词以及比较等级的用法；连词、冠词、介词；主谓一致；简单句、并列句和复合句，以及倒装、省略句等。二、非谓语动词在短文改错中的考点规律分析：不定式符号to 的有无；介词后该使用动词的什么形式；并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致；动词用作主语时用何种形式；分词作状语是主动还是被动；分词的形容词功能等。1动名词主要考查：在一些句型中做宾语或做介词的宾语时需要用动名词。 典型试题：例 1I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future!（2005 福建，see 改为 seeing ）例 2In o
3、ther words, they help to keep people strong and feel good. （2005湖北， feel 改为 feeling ，考查 keep sb doing 。）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载例 3Please excuse us for not able to say goodbye to you. （2005 山东， not后加 being。）2不定式主要考查不定式符号to 的省略与添加。 典型试题：例 1Jack would fly away a
4、nd bring it back for us throw again. （2005 江苏，throw 前加 to。）例 2Some students may also to save up for their college or future use.（2005全国 I，去掉 to。）例 3If you try to, you can be No. 1. （2005 全国 II，去掉 to。）3现在分词与过去分词的区别根据动词与所修饰的名词主被动关系来判断，同时要注意形容词性的分词用法。 典型试题：例 1I found a small house standing in a field w
5、ith a light shone from the sitting room. （2005 江西， shone 改为 shining 。）例 2He would also catch the food throwing to him from the other side of the room. （2005 江苏， throwing 改为 thrown 。）例 3I knocked at the door and was delighting. （2005 江西， delighting 改为delighted 。）例 4I found the game excited. （2005 浙江，
6、 excited 改为 exciting 。）三、练习请改正所给短文中的错误。 对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误， 在该行右边横线上画一勾（ ）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。该行错一个词：在错词的下面划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载注意：原行没有错的不要改。第一篇： 2008 全国卷
7、 1Dear Alice,I have just got some good news to tell to you. 1. _I win a national prize for painting last week. 2. _My father was so pleasing that he suggested 3. _I go to England for a holiday. Id like to staying 4. _there for half a month, visiting place of interest 5. _Or practicing my English as
8、well. Weve been 6. _Writing to each for nearly a year now. I have 7. _often dreamed of talk face to face with you. 8. _I imagine youll be at vacation yourself by that 9. _Time. Perhaps we could go out to do some 10. _sightseeing together. Best, LilyKeys：1去掉 to。tell sb. sth 告诉某人某事。 tell 的直接宾语是 some g
9、ood news ，you是间接宾语。2win won 句末有 last week 表示过去发生的事情，就应用一般过去时。3pleasing pleased/happy 。某人感到 要用动词的 ed 形式，某物令人 用动词的 ing 形式。 be pleased /happy with对感到高兴 /满意。4staying stay 。would like to do 喜欢做某事。 would like 后跟名词或动词不定式作宾语。5place places 。places of interest 风景名胜属于固定结构，place 要用复数形式。6or and 。参观名胜和练习英语是并列关系，不
10、是选择关系。7在 each 后加 other。each other 为固定搭配，意思是 “ 互相” 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载8talk talking 。dream .of sth./doing sth梦想做某事，其后跟名词或动名词作宾语。9at on 。on vacation 度假。10正确第二篇： 2004 年全国卷 II On Thursday I will have to decide what I want myself to 1. _ do over a weekend. I
11、am thinking of making a trip 2. _ to London, and visit the British and some 3. _ parks. But I have spent most my money, so I cannot 4. _ even go out of town. I may go to a film, or a concert. 5. _ Yes, a concert can be very excited. You can watch your 6. _ Stars while enjoying your favorite music. S
12、o then, a 7. _ Concert cost so much. I may just listen to music. I have 8. _ Some records giving to me as birthday gifts. If I listen 9. _ To my own records, there are no need to spend money. 10. _ All right. That s what I m going to do. MuseumKeys：1去掉 myself 。want 可直接接不定式做宾语。2将 a 改为 the，特指即将到来的周末。3
13、visit 改为 visiting 。与上行的 making 并列，同做 of 的宾语。4most 后加 of，表部分与整体。5正确6excited 改为 exciting ，此处应该是令人兴奋，而不是感到兴奋。7So 改为 But。前文说音乐会的好处，下文说花很多钱，是转折关系。8cost 改为 costs。第三人称单数形式。9giving 改为 given。过去分词作定语，表被动和完成。10are 改为 is。need 是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。第三篇： 2006 全国卷 II An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea精选
14、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载between France and England in the balloon in 1784. High 1._over the water, they discover a hole in the balloon. The 2._ hole became bigger and bigger. The air keeps the 3._balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was 4._coming up.
15、The two men threw all their equipment into 5._the water to make the balloon light. It started to rise 6._higher again. So it was still too close to the water. 7._Finally, the men threw away most of his clothes to 8._save themselves. The crowd waiting for to greet them in 9._England was very surprise
16、d see this when the balloon 10._landed in front of them.Keys：1the a 。冠词的误用。前面没有提到是哪个气球，所以这里不是特指，下文开始是特指。2discover discovered 。前后时态应一致，都是一般过去时。3keeps keeping。现在分词作定语。4正确5up down。空气从气球里漏出去了，所以气球落下，而不是升起。6light lighter。亮一点，用比较级。7So But。是转折，不是因果关系。8his their 。根据前面的 the men 可判断，不是一个人。9删除 for。不定式作目的状语。10see 前添加 to。不定式作原因状语。自学：短文改错口诀：短文改错要做好，常见典型应记牢。名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错”、“多”、“少”。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页精品资料欢迎下载动词时态和语态，非谓搭配莫错了。连、代、形、副错一样，多是故意来混淆。介词多半考搭配，多、漏、误用想周到。句法涉及到“一致”，从句多考关系词。词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 6 页