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1、形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法1原级的构成和用法 l)构成:形容词,副词的原级形式是形容词,副词的原形 2)用法:表示双方在程度,性质,特征等某方面相等时,用“ as 十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“ not so (as)十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数十 as十原级形容词或副词十 as”的结构 例如: This building looks not so (as) high as that one MsSun speaks English as fluently as you This room is three time
2、s as large as that one. 2比较级和最高级的构成和用法 1)比较级和最高级的构成: 单音节形容词以及少数以- er,- ow结尾的形容词和副词加“ er”,“ est”例如: great greater greatest narrow narrower narrowest fast faster fastest clever cleverer cleverest 以 e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以- ble,- ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后,加“ r”,“ st”.例如: large larger largest able abler ablest simpl
3、e simpler simplest 以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词,其前的元音字母发短元音时,该辅音字母要双写,然后加“ er”,“ est”.例如: hot hotter hottest 以辅音加 y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加 ly构成的副词要将 y改为 i,再加“ er”,“est”,例如: easy easier easiest early earlier earliest happy happier happiest 一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前加 more或most例如: beautiful more beautiful most beautiful carefull
4、y more carefully most carefully 少数单音节形容词也加 more和 most构成比较级和最高级。例如: tired more tired most tired pleased more pleased most pleased 下列形容词、副词的比较级和最高级可有两种构成方法 cruel crueler cruelest more cruel most cruel often oftener oftenest more often most often strict stricter strictest more strict most strict friend
5、ly friendlier friendliest more friendly most friendly 下列形容词,副词的比较级和最高级的构成不规则 good,well better best bad, ill worse worst mant,much more most little less least far farther farthest further furthest old elderolder eldest oldest 2)比较级的用法 双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级十 than”的结构表示例如: This pen is better than that
6、one. 表示一方不及另一方时,用“ less十原级十 than”的结构表示例如: This room is less beautiful than that one 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较前加表示程度的状语,如:even,a lot,a bit,a little,still,much,far,yet,by far等修饰例如: He works even harder than before 注意:英语的比较级前如无 even,still,或 yet等时,译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出,一般不可用“更”,如: She is better than she was y
7、esterday她比昨天好些了 Please come earlier tomorrow 请明天早点来注意:by far通常用于强调最高级用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“ the”如 He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers. 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“ the 十比较级(主语十谓语),the 十比 较级(主语十谓语)”的结构例如: The harder he works,the happier he feels 不与其它事物相比,表
8、示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级十 and十比较级”的结构例如: The weather is getting colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful 某些以一 or结尾的形容词进行比较时,用 to代替 than(这些词有inferior,superior,junior,senior,prior等例如: He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics 在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用 that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。 that指物,one既可指人,也
9、可指物that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词.例如: The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk. A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型: A) A is three(four,ete) times the size(height,length,width,ete) of B例如; The new building is four times the size( the height)
10、of the old one这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(四倍高)。(这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍高三倍) B) A is three(four,etc) times as big(high,long,wide,etc) as B例如: Asia is four times as lareg as Europe,亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍) C) A is three(four,etc) times bigger ( higher,longer,wider,etc) than B例如:Your school is three times bigger than ours,你们的学校比我们的
11、学校大三倍(你们的学校是我们学校的四倍大) 用 times表示倍数,一般只限于表示包括基数在内三倍或三倍以上的数表示两倍可以用 twice或 double 3)最高级的用法 三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“ the十最高级”的结构表示这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语例如: Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three He works (the) hardest in his class. 最高级可被序数词以及 much,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not quite,not really,nothing lik
12、e等词语所修饰. 例如: This hat is by farmuchnearlyalmostnot nearlyby no means/not quitenothing like the biggest How much did the second most expensive hat coat? 表示“最高程度”的形容词,如 excellent,extreme,perfect等,没有最高级,也不能用比较级 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略 He is the tallest(boy) in his class 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词例如 0f all the boys he came(the) earliest